Obreichstätt

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Obreichstätt
Dollnstein market
Coordinates: 48 ° 53 ′ 33 ″  N , 11 ° 8 ′ 6 ″  E
Residents : 663
Postal code : 91795
Area code : 08421
Obereichstätt with Altmühltal
Obereichstätt with Altmühltal

Obereichstätt is part of the municipality of Dollnstein in the west of the Upper Bavarian district of Eichstätt and in the Altmühltal Nature Park .

Obereichstätt with Albhang from the Altmühl
Small classicist building on the Hüttenbach , formerly part of the ironworks, today a residential building

location

Obereichstätt is located in the Altmühltal between Wasserzell and Breitenfurt . The two-part town is largely on the left and the smaller part on the right valley slope. Both districts can be reached by spur roads from Talstrasse, state road 2230. The Hüttenbach rises in a strong karst spring (geotope no. 176Q007; discharge: up to 750 liters per second) on the northern edge of the former Obereichstätter quarry and flows through the village to the Altmühl. The Altmühltal cycle path leads through the village on the local road. The slope above Obereichstätts is a popular slope flying area.

history

The pothole cave near Obereichstätt was already used by the Paleolithic . Aerial archaeologists discovered the outlines of Roman manors between Obereichstätt and Wasserzell .

From 1137 to 1261 local aristocrats can be identified as ministerials who lived in a moated castle ( Burgstall Obereichstätt ) on the south side of the village on the Altmühl ; one of them, the Ministeriale Heinrich Taegeno (Tegen) bought 1305 people, court and bailiwick in Neuzell . A farm with a farmhouse from the 17th / 18th century stands on the site of the former noble residence. Century. There the St. Lambert Castle Chapel, already mentioned in 1305, has been preserved with Gothic frescos and a Baroque altar from 1702.

In the possession of the Counts of Oettingen , Obereichstätt was exchanged for the Eichstätter Bishop in 1347 . In 1498, Ambrosius Seereuter received the castle with land as a fief. Around 1700 the Hüttenbach operated an upper, a lower and a powder mill (later called an oil mill).

In 1806 the independent municipality fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria , in 1817 with the former prince-bishopric of Eichstätt to the Eichstatter prince , Duke Eugène de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg , and in 1833 again to Bavaria, where it was assigned to the Eichstätt district court and became Middle Franconian in 1838. In 1870 Obereichstätt was connected to the railway network through the construction of the Treuchtlingen - Ingolstadt line (two-track expanded in 1890, electrified since 1961); the Obereichstätt stop, established in 1893, has been closed again since 1985. From 1923 there was electric light in the village. At the beginning of the 1930s, at the same time as the Altmühl correction, a land consolidation of the Obereichstätter Wiesenflur in the valley floor was carried out and cleaned again from 1982 to 1987. In the course of the regional reform , the place joined the Upper Bavarian Markt Dollnstein late on May 1, 1978.

Obereichstätt grew from 46 properties in 1821 to 70 in 1928 to 198 in 1987.

church

Late Gothic crucifix

The Catholic parish church of St. John Evangelist was built in the middle of the 12th century and enlarged in 1626 and 1888. The upper floor of the three-storey tower with a gable roof and arched sound openings probably comes from the renovation in 1626. Standing on the highest elevation of the village, the church also served as a fortified church for the villagers. This is also indicated by the loopholes on the south side of the compact tower. Inside there are baroque altars with modern changes; the high altar sheet from 1762 shows the church patron. On the north side of the nave hangs a late Gothic crucifix (around 1490/1500), probably from the vestibule of the former monastery church of the nearby Augustinian monastery in Rebdorf . After the secularization it was bought for 16 guilders . The associated figures Maria and Johannes ended up in the Bavarian National Museum . Since 1959 there has been a stone sculpture "Mary with the baby Jesus" on the left side altar. This used to be in a niche of the so-called Frauenfelsen on the footpath to Eichstätt. On the right side altar you can find the Gothic sandstone figure of St. Anthony the Hermit . The rest of the furnishings are baroque, the ceiling fresco was painted in 1914 by Franz Xaver Hartmann (* 1857; † 1926).

The parish with 601 Catholics (status: 2003) and the St. Johannes kindergarten belong to the Eichstätt deanery .

Metallurgical plant

Obereichstätter Guss: Deer head in Hirschberg Castle (18th century)
Obereichstätter stove plate with the motive of the holy family
Sculpture park

In 1411, Prince-Bishop Friedrich IV of Oettingen founded an iron hammer ; The iron ore came from the Jura villages on the Alb plateau, where it was picked up in the fields or - in Niefang , for example - was mined above and below ground, and from the Neuburg area. In 1550, Bishop Moritz von Hutten bought the Obereichstätter hammer mill. In 1692, under Bishop Euchar Schenk von Castell, the factory was rebuilt and a blast furnace was put into operation; This was the start of the only (early) industrial production in the Principality of Eichstätt until the 19th century. In addition to its own on-site hammer mill, this also supplied the hammer mills in Hagenacker and Altendorf , which were connected to Obereichstätter Eisenschmelze , where the brittle material was made malleable. In 1726 the Obereichstätter Plechhammer was closed. In 1780 the bishop appointed the Eichstätter Jesuit professor Ignaz Pickel to the advisory board in order to bring about a better profit situation; under him the box casting process was introduced in 1805. A year later, the Bavarian state took over the plant, from 1817 to 1854/55 the Duke of Leuchtenberg and Prince of Eichstätt, and Bavaria again in 1862. In 1811/12 there were 15 workers in Obereichstätter Schmelze and eight workers in each of the two iron hammers Altendorf and Hagenacker. In 1822 the new technology of the cast iron cylinder blower was put into operation; the improved air supply increased the quality of the pig iron significantly. An annual average of 4056 quintals of pig iron and 4433 quintals of sand cast goods were now produced by 40 workers. In 1832, in the Leuchtenberg era, a three-story mining and smelter office building was erected; further structural and technical investments were made in the following years.

In 1862 the blast furnace was shut down due to the high price increases for wood and the competitive situation that had arisen in the meantime, and the metal casting and enamel casting process was introduced. The metal casting operated the branch of Bayerische Berg-, Hütten- und Salzwerke AG until 1874, the enamel casting until 1883. The buildings that are still standing date from the Leuchtenberg era and were built in 1830 in the classicism style by Michael Maurer. From 1919 machines were cast here by around 200 employees; ten years later the foundry was shut down and the factory closed for good in 1932.

The steel sculptor Alf Lechner bought and renovated the former steelworks and turned it into a sculpture park with his works.

Since the Baroque period, cast-iron products such as putti , heraldic tablets, wayside crosses (mostly with Mary as a relief figure at the base of the cross), grave crosses, fountains, entire (round) ovens with plinths or stove and fireplace plates, each with relief representations, have been of artisanal quality. ) Chains, lamp candelabra and pillars. A large cast-iron cross from the end of the 19th century is attached to the outside of Obereichstätts church, another large cross stands as a so-called cholera cross northwest above Eichstätts.

Hüttenschänke Obereichstätt

The Hüttenschänke Obereichstätt was the former canteen of the ironworks. The history of the hut tavern in “Oberneystett” goes back to 1907, when it was built as a canteen for the prince-bishop's ironworks in Obereichstätt. “After the hard work at the smelting furnace, the workers there were able to fortify themselves with hearty food and a cold beer,” said a former worker at the iron and steel works. In 1992 the Hüttenschänke was acquired by a family of hoteliers and converted into a three-star hotel by 1995. In 2012 the company was temporarily closed after the planned use of the house as a residence for asylum seekers was prohibited.

The hut tavern has been in operation again since spring 2014 and has since been used as a boarding house (temporary accommodation) and for the accommodation of hikers, cyclists and Eichstatt students.

Others

Millipedes have plagued the place regularly for years . Thousands of these invade the town from a nearby wasteland, always at night and always in the direction of nocturnal light sources. After building a flat wall that separates the village from the wasteland, the community hopes for lasting protection.

The nickname of the Obereichstätter is beaver driver. According to legend, a long time ago a couple of Obereichstätter bought turkeys (beavers in local parlance) at the Harthof near Schernfeld . However, they did not have any cages to transport them, so they tried to tie up the animals and drive them into the village. In doing so, they made themselves so ridiculous that the nickname beaver driver was born.

A 22-tonne cube sculpture by Alf Lechner has stood at the entrance to the village since 2019. It is a permanent loan from the Alf Lechner Foundation, which also took over the costs.

societies

Personalities

  • Emil Ludwig Schmidt , anthropologist and ethnologist (* 1837 in Obereichstätt, † 1906 in Jena)
  • Alf Lechner , artist (steel sculptor), (* 1925 in Munich; † 2017), studio in the former ironworks, connected with his own sculpture park.
  • Clemens Nißl , resident in Obereichstätt, manufacturer of historical tin figure dioramas that can be found in many museums.

literature

  • Julius Sax: History of the Royal Bavarian Ironworks and Hammerworks in Obereichstätt and Hagenacker. In: Annual report of the Historisches Verein Mittelfranken 29 (1861), Appendix I, pp. 1–28
  • Karl Gareis: Stone Age residence near Obereichstätt and Konstein. In: Collective sheet of the historical association Eichstätt 28 (1913), pp. 59–62
  • Ernst Schmidtill: Dr. Ignaz Pickl and the Obereichstätt ironworks. In: Collective sheet of the historical association Eichstätt 53 (1937), pp. 171–186
  • Ernst Schmidtill: The iron ore of the Eichstätter Land smelted in Obereichstätt. In: Collective sheet of the historical association Eichstätt 54 (1939), pp. 1–57
  • Theodor Neuhofer: Obereichstätt . in: Collective sheet of the historical association Eichstätt 61 (1965/66), p. 25f.
  • Josef Ettle: Five Centuries of the Obereichstätt Hut . In: Historical sheets for the city and district of Eichstätt, 25 (1976), No. 2 and 3
  • Felix Mader (editor): The art monuments of Middle Franconia. II. Eichstätt District Office, Munich 1928 (reprint 1982), pp. 243-250
  • The Eichstätter area past and present . Eichstätt: 2nd edition 1984, p. 253f. (with extensive bibliography)
  • Jörg Wurdak: Servants of the high stove. The smelting of local ore deposits began with the Celts and ended in Obereichstätt in 1932. In: Der Sonntag (supplement to the Donau-Kurier Ingolstadt) from 23./24. April 1994
  • From the bitter grace of iron - the cast iron tiled stove from Obereichstätt at Uncle Hans. In: Heimatkundliche Streifzüge (of the district of Roth), issue 20 (2001)
  • Arthur Rosenbauer , Bernhard Häck, Matthias Hammer, Martin Trappe: Forgotten secrets - rediscovered: Mining in the Altmühltal Nature Park between Altmühl, Anlauter and Danube . Ed .: André Widmann, wek-Verlag , Treuchtlingen-Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-934145-81-8 .

Web links

Commons : Obereichstätt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 599 .
  2. ^ Sculptures by Alf Lechner
  3. ↑ Millipedes besiege a village  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.augsburger-allgemeine.de  
  4. ↑ Why do we call ourselves d'Bibertreiber? , at www.bibertreiber.de , accessed on May 26, 2016
  5. ↑ Big moment for a small town , Eichstätter Kurier from December 19, 2019; Accessed December 19, 2019