Breitenfurt (Dollnstein)
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Breitenfurt
Dollnstein market
Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ′ 26 ″ N , 11 ° 6 ′ 9 ″ E
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| Height : | 396 (393-440) m |
| Residents : | 443 (Jan. 1, 2008) |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 91795 |
| Area code : | 08422 |
 The church of Breitenfurt
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Breitenfurt is part of the Dollnstein market in the Eichstätt district in the Altmühltal nature park in Bavaria .
location
Breitenfurt is located in the southern Franconian Alb in the valley floor on the Altmühl and the state road 2230 between Obereichstätt and Dollnstein, about three kilometers east of Dollnstein. The left slope of the valley is formed by the Mühlberg, the right by the Gampelberg and Schneiderberg. The Altmühltal cycle path leads past the western edge of the village. The Eichstätt– Treuchtlingen railway line, built between 1867 and 1870, runs through the eastern village area without a stop; A concrete pedestrian walkway has been running along the route since 1981 . Shortly after Breitenfurt in the direction of Dollnstein lies the Bubenrother mill, today a sawmill; on the north side of the valley opposite, the castle stone, washed out by the original Danube, piles up on the Mühlbergleite .
history
Graves from the Hallstatt period were found between Breitenfurt and Obereichstätt . South of the place in the “powder cave” in 1949/50 a large number of Middle Stone Age bones and tools were found. A pre-Roman (around 500 BC) (Celtic?) Road leading from the Rhine region to the Danube led past today's Breitenfurt , which the Romans (around 90 to 233 AD) still used and expanded. Iron was smelted in the area of today's sewage treatment plant in the Iron Age.
As the place name suggests, Breitenfurt lies at a point on the Altmühl, where it is shallow and has therefore formed a ford since ancient times . Today a concrete bridge crosses the river.
In 908 a document from Ludwig IV speaks of “Chittinveld”, a settlement in the area of the Breitenfurt Kittefeld, which was probably lost between 1319 and 1489.
A local nobility is proven in the 12th century: In 1158 a "Pertoldus de Breitenfurt" is called; but a castle cannot be identified. In 1306, the Bergen monastery near Neuburg an der Donau owned the site (presumably the Bergener Fischlehen, which can also be proven later). The most important landlord was the prince-bishopric of Eichstätt , whose goods were administered by the Dollnstein caste office . In the 17th century there was a prince-bishop's brick and lime kiln in the nearby forest area of the Saupark . During the secularization of 1802, there was a Zehentstadel of the Eichstätt Notre Dame monastery in Breitenfurt .
From 1817 to 1833, Breitenfurt belonged to the Principality of Eichstätt of the Dukes of Leuchtenberg and at that time (1821) had 161 inhabitants with 35 houses.
On February 19, 1875, a stone meteorite hit the Breitenfurter Flur.
Since 1695 Breitenfurt had a school run by the sacristan and in 1826 it introduced its own normal school. In 1894/1909 a new school building was built on the local road. In 1969 the school was closed in favor of Dollnstein. For a long time, Breitenfurt resisted being included in the Dollnstein school district .
In the course of the Altmühl correction , the Bubenrother weir was built in 1927/30.
The place has had its own outdoor swimming pool since 1967 and a small campsite on private property . With the regional reform , the place was incorporated into the Upper Bavarian market of Dollnstein on January 1, 1972 together with the Bubenrother mill and the Attenbrunn mill . The population grew with fluctuations from 205 in 1877 to 385 in 1983 and to 443 in 2008.
church
The place has a catholic church in St. Ulrich, which has always been a subsidiary church of Dollnstein. It is a Romanesque building from the time of the local nobility (12th / 13th centuries) with baroque changes. The tower is Romanesque in the basement, the second floor is medieval and the third with the helmet is modern. The entrance to the church was originally on the south side. The altar sheet of the baroque high altar around 1700 shows the church patron as the victor over the Hungarians, probably painted by Willibald Wunderer . An oil painting (around 1700) depicts the purgatory. The side altars (Holy Family and St. George), the organ case and the pulpit are baroque creations. The altars and the pulpit were donated by the Altmühl fisherman from Breitenfurt, Johann Bayer († 1718) and his wife Maria, whose limestone tombstone has been preserved. In 1997 a new organ came into the church.
The war memorial in front of the cemetery wall was erected in 1950.
On the Schneiderberg there is a Trinity Chapel and the Hirschkapelle, both from the 19th and 20th centuries. Century. In a chapel near the Bubenrother mill towards Dollnstein, a "Black Madonna" is painted with the Mühlberg rocks at her feet.
Powder cave
The cave, in which explosives were previously stored, is located on the western slope of the Gampelberg. A walk-in corridor branches off from the vestibule and ends after eleven meters in an approximately 3.5-meter high dome. The cave has been archaeologically examined several times. Over 10,000 bones and stone tools were recovered, including Mesolithic tools from 5,000 to 7,000 BC. Finds from the time of the Neanderthal go back 40,000 to 60,000 years. In the animal bones, 21 individuals of the Alpine ibex could be detected, a unique accumulation in a cave of the Franconian Alb ; this bovid genus only withdrew to the high altitudes of the Alps in the Holocene .
The powder cave is shown in the cave cadastre Fränkische Alb (HFA) under I 4 and by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as geotope 176H001. See also the list of geotopes in the Eichstätt district .
Hamlet of Attenbrunn
The hamlet of Attenbrunn or Attenbrunnermühle, which belongs to Breitenfurt, was also written as "Altenbrunn" until the 19th century. It was first mentioned in 1281. The mill was operated by a spring; In 1936 the mill wheel was replaced by a turbine . In 1947 the mill came to an end and in 1967 the mill building from the 16th century was demolished. Today the source inflow to the Altmühl is used for fish farming. A first footbridge over the Altmühl was built in 1945. In 1972 the hamlet received a chapel dedicated to St. Walburga .
Hamlet of Bubenroth
The hamlet of Bubenroth or Bubenrother Mühle , which also belongs to Breitenfurt, was first mentioned in 1239. One learns from the document at the time that the “Pubenrade” mill was owned by the Augustinian Canons of Rebdorf . In 1305 "Rode" came to the bishop of Eichstätt. An iron hammer was built here in the 15th century, and in 1799 there is talk of a grinding and sawmill. A gypsum mill was also in operation around 1900, which was demolished in 1924. In 1901, the miller's son Franz Xaver Schuster was ordained a priest in Eichstätt († 1962 as clergyman in Schwabach ). In 1921 water-powered electricity generation was started. The grain mill existed until 1960. On April 30, 1945, the miller Johann Schuster was shot from behind by a military wolf unit. - A legend tells of little men, no bigger than “boys”, who helped the distressed miller at night.
societies
- Breitenfurt volunteer fire brigade , founded in 1881
- Fruit and horticultural association
- Water watch, founded in 1970
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 456 .
- ↑ Geotop: powder cave near Breitenfurt (accessed on September 13, 2013; PDF; 179 kB)
literature
- Felix Mader (editor): The art monuments of Bavaria. Middle Franconia. II. Eichstätt District Office , Munich 1928 (reprint 1982), pp. 54, 56.
- 100 years of volunteer fire brigade. Breitenfurt from June 18 to June 21, 1981. (Breitenfurt 1981).
- Powder cave near Breitenfurt. In: Karl Zecherle and Toni Murböck: Nature worth seeing in the Eichstätt district, Eichstätt 1982, p. 20f.
- Bernhard Eder: Dollnstein Mörnsheim hike, look, experience. Kipfenberg: Hercynia 1983, p. 93.
- The Eichstätter space in past and present, Eichstätt: 2nd edition 1984, p. 172f.
- Breitenfurt Chronicle. An outline of what was happening in the community from 1158 to 2006. Published by the Breitenfurt volunteer fire brigade on the occasion of the 125th anniversary celebration, May 2006.
Web links
Attenbrunnmühle | Breitenfurt | Bubenrothermühle | Dollnstein | Eberswang | Groppenhof | Hagenacker | Obereichstätt | Ried | Brick hut