Enrico Zuccalli

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Enrico Zuccalli , actually Johann Heinrich Zuccalli (* around 1642 in Roveredo (Canton of Graubünden), † March 8, 1724 in Munich ) was a Swiss architect and builder . He was the Bavarian court architect for many years and is considered the main representative of Munich's high baroque .

Life

Palais Porcia in Munich
Lustheim Palace

Enrico was the son of Giovanni Zucalli (around 1629–1678) from Roveredo, who had worked as a plasterer in the Basilica of St. Lorenz in Kempten as early as 1660 . Enrico Zuccalli received his extensive training from his brother-in-law Gasparo Zuccalli , who also enabled him to come to Munich in 1669 . Previously, stays in Rome and Paris in the vicinity of Gian Lorenzo Bernini had permanently shaped Zuccalli's style.

In 1673 Zuccalli became the Bavarian court architect in Bavaria, succeeding Agostino Barelli . He took over its construction sites and completed the Theatinerkirche in Munich and Nymphenburg Palace . In 1677 Zuccalli was promoted to chief architect, in 1689 he was promoted to court chamber councilor. From the beginning of July 1684 to the beginning of March 1685 Zuccalli traveled again to Paris for study purposes, after his return a fierce rivalry developed with Giovanni Antonio Viscardi , who had meanwhile been appointed second court architect. He achieved its temporary replacement.

Between 1684 and 1688 Zuccalli designed and built the Lustheim Palace in the park of Schleissheim Palace for Elector Maximilian II Emanuel , and in 1689 the Schleissheim Canal . Another of his works is the Palais Porcia in Munich (1693). Of the numerous other noble palaces of Zuccalli in Munich, such as the Palais Törring-Seefeld at Rosental 7, the Palais Törring-Stein (Palais La Rose) on Dienerstraße, the Palais Au (Palais Ow) on Herzogspitalstraße or the Palais Berchem on Theatinerstraße nothing has been preserved.

In 1695 he went to Liège and then came to Bonn , where he was to build a residential palace, the Electoral Palace, on behalf of Elector Joseph Clemens of Bavaria . In 1697 the foundation stone of the castle was laid, but it was not completed until after 1715 by Robert de Cotte . With its enormous dimensions, it is one of the monumental architectural creations of the European Baroque .

Zuccalli's buildings are characterized by the Italian high baroque. In this style, the first plans for a summer residence of the Bavarian Elector in Schleissheim were made in 1696 . Zuccalli was already in Munich again and again from 1695 and began building the New Palace in Schleißheim in 1701. In 1702 the adversary Viscardi was again court architect in Munich, Zuccalli had to leave the construction of Nymphenburg Palace to him. Zuccalli was then relieved of all his offices in 1706 due to the Austrian administration of Bavaria and lived in Ettal Monastery until 1714 . Zuccalli encased the Gothic monastery church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary , which he gave a baroque prospect effect with a double tower facade above the large courtyard, which was also redesigned. He now placed the actual monastery as a two courtyard complex in the previously undeveloped eastern part of the complex. He planned to replace the tent roof and the Gothic vault with a pillarless dome. However, a lack of funds delayed the individual construction phases.

After 1714, after the elector's return from exile, Zuccalli built the staircase in the New Schleissheim Palace according to his plans. The flights of stairs and platforms are located within a high, wide hall, an idea that Balthasar Neumann later took up when designing the steps for the castle of Augustusburg in Brühl and the residence in Würzburg. However, Zuccalli no longer had any influence on the later interior work in Schleißheim from 1719. Zuccalli had no access to the new, French-trained court architect Joseph Effner , who completed the New Palace. 1717–1721 Zuccalli was still working on the new building of the Franciscan monastery in Mittenheim near Schleissheim.

Enrico Zuccalli died on March 8, 1724 in Munich at the age of about 80. He is considered to be the main representative of Munich high baroque .

Buildings (selection)

literature

  • Richard AL Paulus : The builder Henrico Zuccalli at the Kurbayerischer Hofe in Munich (born around 1642, died March 8, 1724). An art-historical contribution to the development of the Munich baroque and early rococo . Heitz, Strasbourg 1912.
  • Sabine Heym: Henrico Zuccalli. The Bavarian court architect. Schnell and Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-7954-0365-0 .
  • Harriet Brinkmöller-Gandlau:  Zuccalli, Henrico. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 14, Bautz, Herzberg 1998, ISBN 3-88309-073-5 , Sp. 596-599.
  • Norbert Hierl-Deronco: It's a pleasure to build. About builders, builders and building in the Baroque in Kurbayern - Franconia - Rhineland. Krailling 2001, ISBN 3-929884-08-9 .
  • Christoph Niedersteiner: The Zuccalli family in Altötting (= Oettinger Heimatblätter No. 6). Oettinger Heimatbund, Altötting 2011, ISBN 978-3-87245-058-6 .
  • Cesare Santi: Enrico Zuccalli. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 15, 2012 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Sueddeutscher-Barock, Enrico Zuccalli. Retrieved January 2, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Enrico Zuccalli  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Zuccalli, Enrico
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zuccalli, Johann Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss architect, builder
DATE OF BIRTH 1642
PLACE OF BIRTH Roveredo GR
DATE OF DEATH March 8, 1724
Place of death Munich