Joseph Effner
Joseph Effner (baptized February 4, 1687 in Dachau ; † February 23, 1745 in Munich ) was a German builder , garden architect and decorator . He was a Bavarian court architect and with him building ideas imported from France found their way into the Munich court. Effner was the most important representative of the Regency at the Munich court.
genealogy
Joseph Effner comes from an old family of gardeners whose spelling was originally opener . He was the ninth of ten children of Christianöffner , who worked as a court gardener from 1668 in Neudeck ( Munich-Au ) and from 1670 in Dachau , and Maria Katharina, née Gebhard. His grandfather Georg Openner , also a gardener, probably came with the Landgravine Mechthild, after Duke Albrecht VI. von Bayern (r. 1646–1650, † 1666) had married, from Pfreimd to Munich, because there Georg Openner is occupied in 1625 as garden master for the duke and couple.
In 1721 Effner married Maria Magdalena Schön, the daughter of a lieutenant colonel. His first son Gaudenz Effner later became a councilor in Straubing and salt official in St. Nicola near Passau. The younger son, also called Joseph Effner, became canon and dean in Munich. His daughter Maria Adelheid married the Munich mayor and mayor Michael Adam Bergmann .
His great-grandson was the royal court garden director Carl Joseph von Effner .
Life
At first Joseph Effner also became a gardener. At the beginning of April 1706, together with Matthias Diesel , he was commissioned and at his expense by his sovereign, Elector Max Emanuel, initially sent to Brussels and later to Paris. During his stay in Paris he decided, according to his inclination, to give up the gardening profession and become a builder. In 1706 (according to other information 1708) Joseph Effner received further training as a master builder as a private student with Germain Boffrand in Paris , who taught at the then only elite university of architecture, the Académie royale d'architecture . Since then he has changed his family name to Effner .
From 1715 he was the Bavarian court architect under Elector Max Emanuel , where he was initially responsible for all of Max Emanuel's buildings together with Enrico Zuccalli . As early as April 1, 1715 after his return from France he was using the professional title “architect”, in contrast to the lower-class master builders. With Joseph Effner, who was only 28 years old, modern building ideas imported from France found their way into the Munich court. From 1715 Effner worked on the expansion of Nymphenburg Palace. Effner makes an important contribution to the Nymphenburg Garden with its garden palaces, Badenburg, Pagodenburg and Magdalenenklause, which become models for other baroque buildings in Germany.
In 1717 Max Emanuel sent him on a trip to Italy, which in ten weeks took him via Venice to Rome and Naples. From 1719 Effner was in charge of the interior design of the New Palace in Schleissheim. In 1720 he was appointed master builder. After Zuccalli died in 1724, he was given even more powers.
Only after the death of Max Emanuel in 1726 and the assumption of office by Karl Albrecht did he have to face François de Cuvilliés the Elder. Ä. relinquish the rank. From 1730 onwards, all new electoral orders were transferred directly to Cuvilliés. Effner and Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer received nothing . Joseph Effner then worked first in administration, since Cuvilliés did not speak German. In 1738, in addition to the position of master builder, he took over the position of director of the pleasure gardens and waterworks. Effner was still in charge of the work in Nymphenburg.
His gravestone is in the choir of the Frauenkirche in Munich . The Effnerplatz in Munich and the Josef-Effner-Gymnasium in Dachau are named after him.
Works (selection)
- Conversion of the exile residence of Elector Max Emanuel in Saint-Cloud near Paris (1713) (destroyed in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870)
- Reconstruction of Dachau Castle (1715–1717)
- Renovation and modernization of Berg Castle on Lake Starnberg (1715–1717).
- Renovation and modernization of Lichtenberg am Lech Castle (1715–1717).
- Modernization of the main pavilion and new construction of the side pavilions, the kitchen building and the stables of Fürstenried Castle , hunting lodge in the south of Munich, (1715–1717).
- Expansion of the park and Nymphenburg Palace (including the construction of Pagodenburg (1716–1719), Badenburg (1718–1721) and Magdalenenklause (1725–1728)).
- Construction of Schleissheim Palace (1719–1726).
- Ancestral gallery and participation in the design of the rich rooms (1726–1729) in the Munich residence before the fire of 1729.
- Palais Preysing in Munich (1723–1729) (destroyed in World War II, rebuilt from 1958 to 1960).
- Hofmark Church Schönbrunn near Dachau .
- Parish Church of St Michael (1739) in Mering .
literature
- Utta Bach: The garden culture at the Munich court under Elector Max Emanuel 1679–1726 . Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8316-0771-6 .
- Luisa Hager: Nymphenburg - palace, park and castles. Official guide, Bavarian Administration of the Palaces Gardens and Lakes, Munich 1965.
- Max Hauttmann: The Bavarian court architect Joseph Effner. Heinz & Mündel, Strasbourg 1913.
- Ursula Röhlig: Effner, Joseph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 318 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Peter Stadler: Joseph Effner - court architect Max Emanuels . Museum Association Dachau e. V. in cooperation with the publishing house Bayerland , Dachau 1986, ISBN 3-89251-002-4 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Joseph Effner in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sueddeutscher-Barock, Joseph Effner. Retrieved March 3, 2018 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Effner, Joseph |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Opener, Joseph; Effner, Josef |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Builder, garden architect, decorator |
| DATE OF BIRTH | baptized February 4, 1687 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dachau |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 23, 1745 |
| Place of death | Munich |