Imperial administration in Bavaria

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The Imperial Administration in Bavaria over the Electorate of Bavaria existed from 1705 to 1715 during the War of the Spanish Succession . It ended with the return of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel from his exile in the Spanish Netherlands .

history

During the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1712), the French and Bavarian troops were defeated by the Allies in the Battle of Höchstädt in 1704 . Max Emanuel was given an imperial ban and went to Brussels under French protection. After the Treaty of Ilbesheim in the Munich Rent Office, the regency of the Wittelsbach family passed into the hands of the Bavarian Electress Therese Kunigunde . On the recommendation of Prince Eugene of Savoy and the Court War Council, Emperor Leopold I set up a top civil state administration in occupied Bavaria in March 1705. Its aim was to improve the poor conditions in the three occupied old Bavarian rent offices of Straubing , Landshut and Burghausen . In addition, the military in the country was subordinated to the civil administration because the generals were unable to put an end to the excesses of the troops. The Amberg Rent Office in the Upper Palatinate, on the other hand, was occupied by Johann Wilhelm , the Wittelsbach Elector of the Palatinate, who was on the emperor's side.

This imperial administration in Bavaria should have its seat in Landshut , Maximilian Karl Fürst zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort was appointed administrator. The first official act of the administrator was the acceptance of the homage from the estates and subjects on May 9, 1705 in Landshut. Christian Probst emphasizes that although this act meant the recognition of foreign rule by the people, apparently no one evaded paying homage. The Bavarian authorities became imperial authorities, the Bavarian towns and fortresses were now also called imperial, but the Bavarian laws remained in force.

Shortly after the death of his father on May 5, the new Emperor Joseph I occupied the Bavarian Oberland and the residential city of Munich and also had taxes increased dramatically. In the autumn of 1705 a compulsory eviction was ordered throughout the electorate, which caused the population to get more and more distress due to the imperial military, and it became apparent that tax demands of the imperial war chest could no longer be met.

The administration had two commissioners as department heads and a law firm that consisted of several law firm officials. War was Commissioner Franz Sigmund Graf von Lamberg , a cousin of the Prince Bishop of Passau Johann Philipp Graf von Lamberg Cardinal . Johann Friedrich Graf von Seeau was the commissioner for finances. Field Marshal Johann Franz Graf von Gronsfeld was in command of the troops stationed in Bavaria . According to Christian Probst, his relationship with the civilian population was bad from the start. The Bavarian popular uprising of 1705/6 that resulted from the repression of the imperial troops was bloodily suppressed in the Sendling Christmas Murder Christmas in 1705 and the Battle of Aidenbach on January 8, 1706.

The Imperial Administration in Bavaria, which was expanded to include Baron von Petschowitz from 1706, subsequently chose a more moderate course. The forced recruitment was discontinued and the tax demands lowered, so that Bavaria was able to recover at least to a modest extent during the nine years that followed under imperial rule. During the occupation, both the Citizens' Hall and the Dreifaltigkeitskirche , the first late baroque church in the city , were built in Munich at the same time . The Habsburgs wanted to bind Bavaria more closely to themselves and Munich was given the title of "Imperial Capital in Bavaria". Many Munich residents, first and foremost their mayor Vacchiery, even got along well with the occupation and the imperial governor Löwenstein.

The administration by the emperor, since 1711 Joseph's brother Charles VI. , ended in 1714 with the Peace of Rastatt , combined with the return of the elector from his exile in the Spanish Netherlands the following year. After the restitution of Elector Max Emanuel, until the Elector's return on April 10, 1715, his Lord Chamberlain, Count Maximilian Johann Franz von Preysing, heads the electorate as director of the Privy Council.

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