Johann Franz von Gronsfeld

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Johann Franz Graf von Gronsfeld-Bronckhorst (* 1640 / 1640 ; † 8. April 1719 ) was an imperial Hofkriegsratspräsident and field marshal in the Bavarian popular uprising 1705th

Life

origin

He was the son of Jost Maximilian von Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld (1598–1662) and Anna Christina von Hardenrath (1615–1692).

Career

As early as 1665 or earlier, on a trip from Mainz to Frankfurt, Gronsfeld allegedly proposed the polyalphabetic encryption method that is now named after him to the writer and Jesuit father Caspar Schott (1608–1666).

Gronsfeld was the Swabian general sergeant in 1689 . On June 5, 1688, he was promoted to field sergeant and on July 10, 1692 to field marshal lieutenant . His promotion to general of the cavalry took place on September 15, 1692 and finally to field marshal on August 1, 1704.

On May 15, 1705, Field Marshal Gronsfeld advanced with 8,000 men and siege guns in front of the city of Munich and ordered them to surrender immediately under threat of bombardment. The citizens were ready to defend themselves "with great furia" and were already making the first steps to do so, but the armed forces in the city were already inferior in numbers to the attackers. Count von Gronsfeld negotiated twice with the government and the council of the city of Munich. It was only after Gronsfeld had assured in writing that the sons of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel would not suffer any harm and that the citizens would retain their privileges, and after it had been promised that the burdens of the quarters would be borne equally by the citizens, court servants, the nobility and the clergy, calmed down the citizens and consented to the handover. On May 16, 1705, the city was handed over to the imperial troops. Field Marshal Gronsfeld marched into Munich with 2,816 soldiers . Divergences between the Imperial Administration in Bavaria and the military command led to General Gronsfeld being deposed after a letter of complaint to Emperor Joseph I on June 6, 1705. His successor was General Count Scipioni Bagni († 1721).

family

He was married to Eleonora Philippine Katharine von Fürstenberg (April 30, 1654; † before 1706) since 1677 . She was a daughter of Ferdinand Friedrich Egon von Fürstenberg (1623–1662). The marriage remained childless. In his second marriage he married Anna von Törring-Ilchenbach (1692–1731). The couple had a daughter (* March 4, 1713, † October 25, 1715) who died young.

After the count's death, the county fell to his widow, who married Count Claudius Nikolaus von Arberg and Valengin († 1731). The next heiress was their daughter Maria Josepha (* March 14, 1722, † February 17, 1754). She married Count Max Emanuel von Toerring-Jettenbach († 1773) in 1746 . The marriage remained childless. The Törring family lost the county with the mediatization of 1803 and received the Gutenzell Imperial Abbey .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Encryption according to Gronsfeld at TU Freiberg .
  2. ^ Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: Imperial and Imperial Generals (1618-1815) , 2006, p. 37 (PDF; 453 kB).
  3. ^ Wilhelm Kohl : The Diocese of Münster - The Diocese . In: Germania Sacra . tape 7 , no. 4 . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin-New York 2004, ISBN 3-11-018010-3 , p. 69 ( uni-goettingen.de ).
  4. ^ Friedrich Bülau : Secret stories and enigmatic people , Volume 7, Leipzig 1856, pp. 140–162.
personal data
SURNAME Gronsfeld, Johann Franz von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gronsfeld-Bronckhorst, Johann Franz von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION imperial field marshal in the Bavarian popular uprising (1705)
DATE OF BIRTH 1639 or 1640
DATE OF DEATH April 8, 1719