Jost Maximilian von Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld

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Jost Maximilian von Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld

Count Jost Maximilian von Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld (baptized on 22. November 1598 in Rimburg ; † 24. September 1662 (other data: July 24, 1662 or September 24, 1660) in Gronsveld , Limburg ) was kurbayerischer Field Marshal . His official title was Count von Bronckhorst and Gronsfeld, Baron von Batenburg and Rimburg, Lord of Alphen and Humpel.

Life

Jost Maximilian von Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld was the son of Johann von Bronkhorst-Batenburg (* 1550; † June 20, 1617) and his wife Sibylle von Eberstein (1570-1604).

At the beginning of the Thirty Years War he was in the Army of Tilly . From 1626 to 1629 he was in the Weser Valley near Exten in the quarter. In 1629 he was sent to the Braunschweig district council as a representative of Bavaria and, as colonel, was a co-signer of the Peace of Lübeck . In 1631 he took part in the siege of Magdeburg under Tilly and in the battle of Leipzig. Then he was ordered to the Weser in September 1631 to fight with Pappenheim against Georg von Braunschweig . After Pappenheim was withdrawn from Wallenstein to Lützen , Georg took advantage of the situation and was able to cross the Weser at Rinteln .

In 1633 he united his army with that of General Merode to relieve Hameln. Here General Holzappel met him . Due to disputes with Merode during the following battle near Hessisch-Oldendorf , it was lost. He fell out of favor and lost his command. The army then went to winter quarters. In 1634 he tried to besiege Heidelberg , again without success. In 1635 he became supreme commander of the army in Bavaria under Gallas , but the campaign failed. He then said goodbye and went to Cologne. In Cologne he initially devoted himself to scientific activities. He was replaced by Johann von Götzen .

In 1645 he took over the supreme command again, this time he received the general command in the Upper Palatinate, as successor to the general of the election . In 1646 he became governor of Ingolstadt . In 1647 he was with Privy Councilor Krebs in Paris to negotiate with the French king on behalf of Elector Maximilian I. These ended in August when the elector allied himself again with the emperor. The elector announced the armistice with Sweden and Jost von Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld took over the Bavarian army in place of the resigned Geleen . The 7,000–8,000 men were supposed to drive the Swedes out of Bohemia together with the imperial soldiers. He met the imperial army of around 16,000 under Holzappel between Saatz and Kaden. Together they were able to drive the Swedes out of Bohemia under Wrangel . The military leaders separated because of personal differences and went to winter quarters in Franconia . In 1648 the armistice with France was also ended and both military leaders had to fight together against a Swedish-French army under Wrangel and Turenne . In the battle of Zusmarshausen the rearguard of the imperial Bavarian army was defeated, Holzappel fell and Jost Maximilian von Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld was now the sole commander in chief of a heavily battered army. With around 14,500 men, he was supposed to stop the Swedish-French army on the Lech , which he saw himself unable to do and instead withdrew further. The elector relieved him of his command, he was arrested on June 4, 1648, first brought to Munich and then arrested in Ingolstadt. In his place, Generalfeldzeugmeister Johann Wilhelm von Hunolstein temporarily took over command of the Bavarian Army . After the interim peace agreement, Gronsfeld was acquitted of his guilt by a court martial in early 1649 and released from prison. He then went to Vienna, where he was repeatedly entrusted with diplomatic missions in the Reich until his death.

Cologne time

Compared to the other military commanders of his time, he had a high level of scientific education: he is the author of the remarks on Wassenberg's Teutscher Florus in the Amsterdam edition of 1647, a work on the Thirty Years' War, which was still ongoing at the time.

He is probably also the inventor of the Gronsfeld encryption , a variant of the polyalphabetic substitution with a number key instead of a letter key.

See also

family

In Cologne, the count married Anna Christina von Hardenrath on April 14, 1639 (* 1615; † January 29, 1692). She was the daughter of Johann von Hardenrath, the mayor of Cologne and his wife Christina Gall. The couple had the following children:

  • Johann Franz (* 1639 - † April 8, 1719), 1715 governor of Luxembourg
  • Maria Anna (* 1639 ?; † after 1723)
  • Anna Justina Gertrud (* July 30, 1639 ?; † January 12, 1708/09)
  • Otto Wilhelm (born June 12, 1640 - † April 5, 1713), auxiliary bishop in Osnabrück and Münster, apostolic vicar of the north
  • Klara Sybille (* 1640 ?; † between June 1, 1723 and January 3, 1724)
  • Ernst Maximilian (* 1642; † 1678 during the siege of Freiburg im Breisgau )
  • Phillip Felix (* 1656; † 1690 during the siege of Philippsburg )

literature

swell

  1. ↑ Date and place of birth according to information on multimania.fr, NNBW states the place of birth as probable, but does not provide any information on the time, boangiu.de only gives the date as the date of birth, ADB does not provide any information.
  2. ^ NDB, Bosls Bayerische Biographie, boangiu.de and multimania.fr name September 24, 1662 and Gronsveld as the place of death.
  3. ↑ Date of death July 16, 1662 (no location) as stated in the ADB.
  4. ↑ The Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek names September 24th 1660 as the burial date and Gronsveld as the location.
  5. ^ A b Karl von Landmann :  Gronsfeld, Jobst Graf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, pp. 726-728.
  6. ↑ Charles of compatriot :  Hunoltstein, Hans Wilhelm von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 421.
  7. ↑ Helmut Lahrkamp:  Gronsfeld, Jost Maximilian Graf von Bronckhorst and. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 128 f. ( Digitized version ).
  8. ^ Entry on Otto Wilhelm Gronsfeld on catholic-hierarchy.org ; Retrieved May 16, 2010.
  9. ^ François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chenaye-Desbois : Dictionnaire de la noblesse de France . Boudet, Paris 1775, p. 34 ( limited preview in Google book search)

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld, Jost Maximilian von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gronefelt, Jodoc; Gronsveld, Josse-Maximilean; Bronckhorst and Gronsfeld Freiherr von Batenburg and Rimburg Herr von Alphen and Humpel, Jost Maximilian Graf von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bavarian General Field Marshal
DATE OF BIRTH baptized November 22, 1598
PLACE OF BIRTH Rimburg
DATE OF DEATH September 24, 1662
Place of death Gronsveld , Limburg