Exten
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Exten
City of Rinteln
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| Height : | 61 m | |
| Residents : | 1906 (December 31, 2018) | |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1974 | |
| Postal code : | 31737 | |
| Area code : | 05751 | |
Location of Exten in Lower Saxony |
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Exten is the largest of the central city district of the city Rinteln in Schaumburg in Lower Saxony .
geography
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Exten is south of the Weser Mountains and south of the Weser . In the north Exten borders on the city limits of Rinteln, in the west on Möllenbeck , in the south on Uchtdorf and in the east on Strücken .
Exten is traversed by a section of the Exter River, which flows into the Weser north of the town on the outskirts of Rinteln.
history
Exten is one of the largest and oldest villages in the Weser Valley between Hameln and Minden . Its history as well as its name are closely connected with the Exter , which comes from the Lippe mountainous region and flows through the town below at Rinteln into the Weser . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe dedicated a picture he painted in Exten to the river.
Church history
The Exten parish was the early church of the Osterburg district and belonged to the Ohsen Archdeacon of the Minden diocese. Exten was first mentioned by name in 896, when the foundation deed of the Möllenbeck monastery mentioned an already existing Achriste settlement up the Weser . According to the latest research on the early ecclesiastical organization, the Exter Church was founded from Würzburg before 800 AD, during the Saxon Wars (772–804). The first building, which was probably a wooden church, is said to have been built between 770 and 790. In the church baptismal applicants who lived between Vlotho , Schötmar, Lügde and Hameln were baptized. At the time of the Christianization of the Saxons , Exten was a focus of missionary work. From here the adjoining areas were evangelized, further congregations were founded and churches were built. Exten as the original parish is therefore older than Möllenbeck Abbey. The church in Exten is thus the oldest church in the Weser valley in Schaumburg. The current building dates from the 12th century, except for the tower, which was renovated in 1548.
The property on which the church stands is an old thing place . The entire church property belonged to the Widukind clan , who owned large estates in the Weser valley. Later the church property and the land belonging to it were given to the bishop in Minden. The leadership of the community was first in the hands of the missionaries who had come from Würzburg. Then Exten probably came under the supervision of the bishop of Paderborn and was later subordinated to the diocese of Minden. In 1287 the church at Exten was transferred to the Jakobskloster in Rinteln by the Bishop of Minden. The church was first dedicated to Saint Kilian .
In the 13th century, the two saints Cosmas and Damian became the patron saints of the church. It is believed that the plague raged in the parish at that time. In order to be saved from her, it is believed, the two doctors Cosmas and Damian became the patron saints of the church. From the Reformation until around 1850, their statues stood at the bottom of the church tower. Then they were brought to the University Museum in Marburg, just like two valuable crucifixes from Exten. Both crucifixes are Romanesque and date from the 12th / 13th centuries. Century. The Exten community has tried in vain to bring these crosses back. In the spring of 1936 the floor of the nave was lowered by about 30 cm to make the chancel more prominent. During this work one came across huge stone slabs that lay over the old tombs. The Edelhof buried its dead here for around 600 years. When the eastern crypt was opened, coffin remains and skulls could still be seen in it. At another place, two completely preserved zinc plates were found, whose inscriptions indicate that u. a. In this crypt a Baroness Roeder von Diersburg, who died in 1781, a born Countess von Wartensleben and her 17-year-old daughter were buried. Another inscription describes the grave of Hermann von Wartensleben and his wife. When the church was renovated in 1964/65, craftsmen came across a large stone slab in the middle of the church during earthworks. The dimensions of this plate are approximately 3 × 6 m and 40 cm thick. Since the plate could not be removed due to its size, it was pushed into the southwest corner of the nave. It's there under the wooden floor. The assumption is that the plate was the foundation of the first wooden church in Exten. Since such large stone slabs are not to be found here far and wide, it can be assumed that they were transported to Exten by water. On March 7, 1702 Elmerhaus von Wartensleben donated an organ to the church. The organ is now a listed building. On the right side of the baroque prospectus is the year 1733. It is said to have been built by Christian Klausing from Herford . The organ building company Hammer in Hanover dates the oldest organ pipes back to the 16th century. This proves that Exten already had an organ around 1550 at the time of the Reformation. The organ has 12½ registers , divided drawers, which enable the organist to play a trio. In the old chronicle of the parish of Exten it is reported that the church should have had an excellent ringing of three bells in the earlier centuries. The big bell is said to have been brought to the royal seat of Kassel on the orders of the then sovereign because of its size and sound.
Place name
The name Achriste (896) changed through de Eckersten (1224), Eckersten (1237), Eckerste (1328), Exterde (1352) and Ekkersten (1370) for the first time in 1446 to Exten. After 1446 you can also find the name Ecksten until the 19th century . According to the linguist Professor Jürgen Udolph , the place name comes from the Exter which carried the old European water names Akrista or Ag-istra . The naming is probably one of the oldest known names in Europe.
Lords of Eckersten
The officium Eckersten is a landed property grouping , a villicatio , which the Lords of Eckersten initially owned as civil servants and later as a fief. According to a legend, a Gerslaff was sent to Rome by the Bishop of Minden on an important matter. For his services, Gerslaff was rewarded by the bishop with land in Exten and Rinteln in 1213. The von Gerslaff family then built a well- fortified aristocratic court near the current buildings of the Exten manor in 1236 . The gender of the von Eckersten or, as in other documents, Eckerstein was named after the place Exten, not the other way around. The first officially mentioned knight Frideric von Eckersten was probably a son of Gerslaff.
With its Romanesque church, the important noble court of the von Eckersten family and numerous mills and hammer mills that made use of the Exter's water power, Exten developed early on into one of the most populous villages in the county of Schaumburg . At that time, the village was characterized by a large number of medium-sized and small farms in addition to the manor.
Manor Exten
The manor Exten was the seat of important families. After the von Eckersten family, who had no descendants in 1543, came the von Wartensleben family . The Prussian field marshal and minister Alexander Hermann von Wartensleben (1650–1734) grew up here. In 1727 the present main house of the manor was built by the Bremen master builder Conrad Georg Conradi for Karl Christian Graf von Wartensleben on the foundations of an older house, today's representative manor house in the late Baroque Regency style. The other farm buildings and the orangery located in the manor park were built shortly after 1800. After the French occupation in 1807, Exten and the county came to the Kingdom of Westphalia . King was Jérôme Bonaparte , Napoleon's youngest brother. Allegedly out of concern that Jérôme Bonaparte would confiscate the manor without compensation, Ferdinand Graf von Wartensleben sold it in 1809 for 55,000 thalers to Bernard Diederik Gijsbert Freiherr von Wardenburg. The time of the exteners of waiting life was over. In 1810 mighty barns made of quarry stone masonry (50 and 80 m long) were built. At that time, about 500 people lived in Exten. In 1814 the property came to the merchant Wilhelm Grimmell from Bremen for the highest bid of 35,000 thalers . After Grimmell's death in 1839, the estate initially passed to his sister Wilhelmine, then to his only niece Luise, who later became the wife of Detmold's district president Christian Theodor von Meien . The manor is still owned by the von Meien family today. Von Meien came from the Hellinghausen domain and entered the Lippe civil service after studying law. In 1817 he was appointed to the state government by Princess Pauline. In 1976, the Exten manor with its historic park served as a film set for the filming of the film by Regina Ziegler Film GmbH & Co. KG (Berlin + Cologne) of the television feature The Brothers . In the German family drama by Wolf Gremm , Klaus Löwitsch , Erika Pluhar and Doris Kunstmann play the leading roles. The men's choir Exten from 1879 plays a supporting role in some scenes with its appearances. The film premiered on January 11, 1977. The TV first broadcast took place on December 16, 1983 on ZDF .
19th century
With the early 19th century, the Exten iron hammers enjoyed a significant upswing, now the village transformed into a rural community with a strong commercial character, in which rural and early industrial everyday life came into close contact.
After the decline of the iron industry, Exten became a stronghold of basketry . In 1878, what would later become the largest wickerwork shop in Exten, namely the Hermann Meyer wickerwork factory, was established. Before the First World War, 70,000 baskets were manufactured annually in Exten, but the number soon grew into the hundreds of thousands and millions. In the 1950s, the basket industry in Exten went down.
On August 13, 1837, the Exter, which otherwise provided work and thus their daily bread, brought a serious accident to the village. As a result of a downpour immediately above the village, it rose by almost 4 m within a few minutes. Almost the whole village was flooded. Houses collapsed, all three bridges were torn away and many cattle drowned. A human life was also to be lamented; a four-year-old child was driven out of the window from a house on the "island".
Since 1894, Exten has been part of the district town of Rinteln with its own post office, Protestant parish church and iron goods factories. The competent district court is Rinteln. Since 1927 the place belongs to the county of Schaumburg with a district court and tax office in Rinteln as well as its own post office in Exten. Between 1904 and 1977 Exten belonged to the Grafschaft Schaumburg district with its seat in Rinteln. Exten has been a municipality in the Schaumburg district since 1977 .
Population:
- 1885 - 789 inhabitants
- 1925 - 958 inhabitants
- 1933 - 1033 inhabitants
- 1939 - 968 inhabitants
- 2008-2017 inhabitants
- 2015 - 1801 inhabitants
- 2018 - 1906 inhabitants
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the town of Exten has been the official coat of arms of the municipality of Exten since 1963.
Blazon : "In a red field with a golden nettle leaf, quartered center shield of black with a pole arranged in a horn and red with a stake arranged key (beard pointing upwards and outwards)"
The three pictorial elements of the coat of arms all result from the history of the early Grafschaft Schaumburg.
The Schaumburg , the ancestral seat of the Schaumburg counts in the Middle Ages, stands on the Nesselberg in the Schaumburg district of the city of Rinteln.
The key symbolizes the key of Saint Peter . It is shown in many coats of arms in the region, but mostly in the form of two crossed keys. It was already the symbol of the bishops of Minden . The representation on the red field is typical in all of these coats of arms. Exten has belonged to the diocese of Minden since it was officially mentioned in 896. The bishops of the Minden diocese settled the Knights of Eckersten in Exten around 1213.
The horns are the main elements in the coat of arms of those von Eckersten, who were the ruling noble family in Exten from 1213 to 1550. You can also find their symbolism in the family box of the church in Exten.
politics
Local mayor is Bernd Kirchhoff (SPD). The local council of Exten is composed as follows (as of 2016):
- SPD 3 seats + mayor
- CDU 2 seats
- WG Schaumburg 1 seat
- Alliance 90 / The Greens 1 seat
Culture and sights
- " Unterer Eisenhammer " industrial museum founded in 1746 by Johann Peter Kretzer. Sights along the Lower Saxony Mill Road . Industrial monument under protection since 2006 .
- " Oberer Eisenhammer " industrial museum from around 1710. Half-timbered house in the southern outskirts of the town well worth seeing. Almost in its original condition, it is to be renovated and restored in the near future.
- Museum Heimatstube Exten - a local museum founded in 1973 with a permanent exhibition of numerous exhibits from everyday village life to this day, as well as the village chronicle.
- Manor - In 1727 the Bremen master builder Conrad Georg Conradi built for Karl Christian Graf von Wartensleben on the foundation walls of an older house what is today the representative manor house of the manor in the late Baroque Régence style .
- Orangery - the orangery building of the manor, built around 1810 . In the 19th century it housed a famous collection of exotic plants, which was sold to Hanover in 1883. Today it is set up for residential use.
- The estate park - designed in the early 18th century as a baroque garden based on the Hanover model with grafts, hedges and avenues, was converted into a landscape garden around 1800. With its winding paths and mighty trees along the Exter, it still has its own charm today. In the west of the garden is the burial place of the von Meien family with a high sandstone obelisk.
- Historical rifle festival with the "Battle in Exterfelde". Annual supraregional spectacle with the course of the battle being satirized. Leads back to the time around the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71.
Economy and Infrastructure
The global company Riha Richard Hartinger Getränke , which produces fruit juices and mineral water, has been based in Exten since it was founded in 1934. It is also the largest employer in the city of Rinteln.
traffic
Road traffic
Exten is close to the federal motorway 2 with the Bad Eilsen junction . The federal highway 238 leads directly west past the place. Just like the Extertalstrasse leading from Rinteln to Barntrup . The regional road 433, which runs through to Hameln , is a section of the Lower Saxony Mill Road , which is well worth seeing .
Rail transport
At the Exter train station, now Rinteln Süd station, the now closed Extertalbahn ends . Until 1969 it led through the old town in Rinteln over the Weser bridge to Rinteln train station . The Exter station was until then the most important transshipment point for the goods produced in Exten. These included hand-woven wicker baskets of all sizes, which began their way out into the world from here in long columns of freight trains.
Air traffic
Exten is close to the Rinteln sports airport.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Hermann Simon von Wartensleben (around 1589–1654), court master of Count Ernst von Schaumburg and Sternberg zu Stadthagen, was accepted into the Fruit Bringing Society in 1642
- Alexander Hermann Graf von Wartensleben (1650–1734), Prussian field marshal, born on December 16, 1650 as the eldest son of the Exten landowner and his wife Elisabeth von Haxthausen in Lippspringe . Exten was the family home. Lippspringe just happened to be the place of birth because his mother was visiting her brother there. He was baptized on January 15, 1651 in Exten
- Wilhelm Ludwig Gustav Graf von Wartensleben (1734–1821), officer and bearer of the Commander's Cross of the Maria Theresa Order (1790)
- Walter Maack (1907–1971), writer and local history researcher
- Helmut Preul (1933–2001), honorary mayor of Bückeburg and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Heinrich Krüger (1928–2019), printer, co-founder of the trade union in Rinteln DGB , holder of the Federal Cross of Merit, the Cross of Merit 1st Class of the Lower Saxony Order of Merit , the Hans Böckler Medal and the Leonhard Mahlein Medal .
Web links
- Exten on the website of the city of Rinteln
- Exten. Historical local walk on rinteln.de
- Association for Home Care and Culture e. V.
- Parish of Exten-Hohenrode
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population figures on the website of the city of Rinteln , accessed on October 8, 2019
Ahe | Deck mountains | Narrow | Exten | Friedrichswald | Goldbeck | Hohenrode | Coal town | Hospital | Möllenbeck | Schaumburg | Steinbergen | Backs | Death Man | Uchtdorf | Folk | Wennenkamp | Westendorf