Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium Dillingen

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Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium Dillingen
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type of school high school
founding 1550
address

Ziegelstrasse 8, 89407 Dillingen

place Dillingen on the Danube
country Bavaria
Country Germany
Coordinates 48 ° 34 ′ 38 "  N , 10 ° 29 ′ 13"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 34 ′ 38 "  N , 10 ° 29 ′ 13"  E
carrier District of Dillingen on the Danube
student 750
Teachers approx. 60
management Kurt Ritter
Website Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium

The Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium Dillingen (“Sailer” for short) is a coeducational high school with a humanistic , modern language and scientific-technological branch in Dillingen on the Danube .

Location and building

The Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium is located at Ziegelstraße 8 in Dillingen. Since 2018 it has had a new building that cost 18 million euros.

History and development of the number of students

The pre-Jesuit period (1550–1563)

With the permission of Pope Paul III. On April 5, 1549, the Augsburg prince-bishop Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg founded the Collegium St. Hieronymi in Dillingen as a result of the reforms of the Council of Trento as a university with a grammar school. Pope Julius III confirmed this in a bull on February 22, 1550 and on March 1, 1551 elevated the college to a university . The survey and the associated privileges were again confirmed by Emperor Charles V on June 30, 1553. Before that, namely on September 30, 1549, studies in this Collegium litterarum had started. As an episcopal academy , this served primarily to train clerics . To the Collegium were next to the College a seminary and a seminary . The aim was to ensure a solid Catholic upbringing and education in times of upheaval and the Reformation of the clergy .

A grammar school was also integrated into the university, the main task of which was to teach Latin syntax and grammar as a Latin school and to impart the works of the Roman classics to the students. Initially three teachers, later six, taught the young people. The total number of students in the grammar school and college was around 250. In these early years with six chairs, the Dominicans initially ran the university and the grammar school under the leadership of the important council theologian of Trento Pedro de Soto , the confessor of Emperor Charles V. In addition to Pedro de Soto, who came from Spain, the imperial court chaplain and former professor in Paris, the Spaniard Martinus de Olave, also taught. The first rector was Petrus Endavianus from the Spanish Netherlands. In addition to the three Spaniards, three scholars from the University of Leuven also taught . None of the first professors came from the Reich . After de Soto was brought to Oxford by Reginald Pole in March 1555 , Cardinal Otto, probably influenced by his advisor, the Jesuit Petrus Canisius , aimed at handing the university over to the Jesuits.

The high school under the Jesuits (1563–1773)

Since there was a lack of capable teachers, Otto Truchsess von Waldburg handed over the university and the grammar school in 1563 to the Society of Jesus , under whose direction the grammar school experienced a boom. Grammar, syntax, Latin literature and rhetoric continued to be taught . There was no final exam because college and high school were the same institution. At the end of their high school, the students - they were then around 18-20 years old - transferred to the university. With the exception of the lowest high school class and the preparatory class, all teachers were Jesuits. The number of students in grammar school and university grew from 300 in 1563 to 760 in 1605. The student body consisted of sons of noble families from southern Germany and also from neighboring countries. For the year 1607 it is known that the grammar school was attended by 463 students. That number fell to 304 (1631/32) and 63 in 1634/35 during the Thirty Years War . After the Swedes withdrew and the war ended, the number of students gradually rose again. The grammar school itself was initially housed in the old academy building. After its demolition in 1628, it moved to the Konvikt building (today this part of the building houses the auditorium of the Academy for Teacher Training and Personnel Management ), where it remained until 1724. Then a new building was erected, which could be moved into on October 22, 1725. This (Kardinal-von-Waldburg-Straße 51) now houses the study library . The subjects taught had hardly changed since the pre-Jesuit period: the focus was still on Latin, while Greek and religion were also taught. The language of instruction and colloquial use was Latin. In addition to mastering the Latin language, the teaching objectives were to convey ancient ideas and their significance for the Christian worldview. It was not until the 18th century that natural sciences were also taught to a small extent.

Post-Jesuit period (1773–1804)

In 1773 the Jesuit order was repealed by Pope Clemens XIV , the university and the high school in Dillingen fell back to the episcopal sovereign, the Augsburg prince-bishop Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony . Nevertheless, clergymen continued to teach at the grammar school. However, the reconnaissance found its way into Dillingen . This is mainly thanks to two professors: Johann Michael Feneberg , who developed an extremely modern curriculum that also contained German , natural history , history , geography , algebra and geometry , and Johann Michael Sailer . Sailer was so enthusiastic about the new concept that he wrote: With a few exceptions, the ideal of a teaching institution was introduced at the grammar school (and the University of Dillingen). However, despite this good "certificate" that Sailer issued to his school, which was once to bear his name, the number of pupils continued to decline in these years, so that from 1799 to 1803 only around 60 - 80 pupils attended the grammar school. The reason for this was the Napoleonic wars and the lack of financial resources of the Augsburg bishopric. The latter finally lost control of Dillingen to the Bavarian Baron von Lerchenfeld through secularization in 1802 . The college was closed on November 3, 1803. The new sovereign, Elector Maximilian IV. Joseph, later the Bavarian King Maximilian I , created a lyceum with academic rank as the successor institute , the grammar school was taken over by the state in 1806 as the "royal Bavarian grammar school".

19th century: the grammar school as a state school

One now teaches in the sense of new humanism , ie the focus was on Latin and Greek. However, there were also history, description of nature, geography, mathematics and philosophy as minor subjects. The number of students rose to 1823/24 to 561, then shrank but again and remained strong fluctuations from 1848 at about 300 in 1849 ended the era of spiritual rectors, until then gymnasium and lyceum in personal union had passed. French, shorthand , physics and natural history , drawing as well as gymnastics and swimming exercises were introduced as new subjects . At the same time there was a sharp decline in the number of students. While in 1852 there were 330 students, in 1859 only 96 students attended the grammar school. The diocese of Augsburg counteracted this by setting up an episcopal boys' seminar in the former St. Josephi seminary in 1862/63, so that by the end of the 1870s over 300 students attended the grammar school again. This and increased demands led to a lack of space, which is why in 1871 the adjoining house was bought for special rooms (drawing room, music and conference room, teacher's library, school library). With the expansion of the Latin school by one year in 1874, it took pupils nine years to attend Latin school and grammar school; At the end of the 19th century, the former three-class Latin school and the six-class grammar school were merged into a nine-class humanistic grammar school . Compulsory subjects were German, Latin, mathematics, history and gymnastics. One had drawing and handwriting up to the 3rd grade (today 7th grade), geography and natural history up to the 5th (today 9th grade) and Greek from the 4th (today 8th) and French from the 6th (today 10th grade) .) Class. Students could choose Hebrew , English, Italian, shorthand, drawing, music, and swimming as electives . Due to the increasing number of pupils (up to 550 around the turn of the century), numerous renovations had to be carried out on the building in the 1890s, which also fell victim to the old auditorium from the Jesuit period. In addition, in the 1900/1901 school year the high school received a gym and a sports field.

1900–1945 World Wars and National Socialism

During the First World War , several parallel courses had to be merged due to a lack of teachers. The number of students ranged between 400 and 500 in the first two decades of the new century, but then rose sharply in the second half of the 1920s, reaching a peak in 1931/32 with 650 students. Since 1919 there were also girls in the student body, but only very few (e.g. 25 in the school year 1932/33). Despite the high number of pupils, the school did not receive the new building that it demanded and urgently needed. During the Nazi regime, the number of pupils fell again to 376 (1937/38). In 1938, the grammar school was converted into an eight-grade high school, which taught according to a new, NS-compliant curriculum. The number of pupils fluctuated greatly during the war years , as many pupils were called up for military service or (already from the 5th (now 9th) grade) had to do service as anti-aircraft helper : In the school year 1944/45 only eight students attended the 7th (today 11th grade) .) Class, including five girls, the 8th (today 12th) only three pupils and one pupil, the pupil was alone from October onwards. Large parts of the building could no longer be used for lessons due to war-related reasons The IG Farben half of the classrooms in the main building, the annex building housed a Hungarian medical company, troops of the Waslow Army and Italian soldiers.After the American invasion on April 22, 1945, classes were suspended.

1945–1946: a new beginning

Soldiers were quartered in the schoolhouse by the American occupiers and they did not treat the facility with care. On the sidewalk in front of the school building there were files, school books and exercise books that were simply thrown out of the window. The interior of the building was also devastated. After the Americans had left the school building, it stood empty for a while, until on August 7, 1945 the Bavarian State Ministry decreed that all teachers should return to their schools on August 18. But only seven teachers were actually allowed to teach, all others were objected to by the American military government. 460 students registered, 444 of them on 11/12. Actually published on January 1st, 1946. In addition to the lack of teachers and overcrowded classes, other problems were that the inventory of the drawing room had been lost and that the gym had been confiscated; On the sports field (site of today's high school) there was a wood storage area, and the school books could no longer be used because they contained National Socialist ideas. There was also a lack of heating material.

1946–1963 / 64: development phase

In the following years, attempts were made to repair the building again and to keep the lessons going with the means available. By 1951 the building was completely renovated inside and outside, new rooms (e.g. a parents' consultation room) were furnished and new inventory was purchased. Despite these measures, the situation was inadequate due to a lack of space: three classrooms had to be rented in the episcopal boys' seminar, an auditorium for school celebrations etc. was not available, and there was no suitable playground, so that the students could sit on the sidewalks of the cardinal school during the breaks. von-Waldburg-Straße had to stop (precisely defined area: from the Fuggerhaus in the west to the upper pharmacy in the east). Since 1946 there was again the "Humanist Gymnasium", the Oberschule was only continued as the " Oberrealschule - linguistic branch" for students who had entered before 1946 . In 1950, the upper secondary school was connected to the grammar school as a branch, but only went from grades 1–6 (today: 5–10), these upper secondary school students had to take their Abitur at another school. The name of the school was from 1958: "Gymnasium with Oberrealschule Dillingen / Do". The number of students fluctuated between 550 and 600, although there were sometimes up to 50 students in one class. Since the lack of space became more and more oppressive, a large number of renovation work was constantly required and it became increasingly clear that the entire school premises did not meet the requirements of a modern grammar school, the decision was finally made in the school year 1952/53 after a ministerial inspection of the school building for a new building of the grammar school (other plans such as the expansion through the purchase of the Fuggerhaus or the move to the Ludwig barracks have now been abandoned). When, on April 20, 1956, the Minister of State for Education and Culture, Dr. August Rucker visited the school to convince himself of the necessity of a new building, the headmaster named the following deficiencies: distribution of the lessons over six buildings, insufficient lighting of the classrooms, disturbance of the lessons by the street noise, no schoolyard, no drawing room, a single toilet cubicle for the 84 schoolgirls, stairs that are too narrow, staff room too small, completely inadequate parents' consultation room, no room for the school doctor. Construction plans for the new building were already in place in 1957, construction finally began in May 1959, and the school complex was ready for occupation on November 7, 1961, but the building was not finally finished until May 1964. The number of pupils continues to rise (1963/64: 709), among other things because from 1962/63 the upper secondary school branch was expanded as a full institution and the pupils no longer had to change schools after the 6th (now 10th) grade.

1964 / 65–1977 / 78: naming, reform, expansion

1964 was a very important year for the school, because in December of that year the Ministry of Education approved the application to name the school "Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium". Another important event of the 1964/65 school year was the introduction of a secondary school branch (in addition to the humanistic branch and the upper secondary school). In this class, students with the language sequence Latin and English had the opportunity to choose French instead of Greek in the 9th grade (since 1965/66 the current counting method was changed). This contributed to the growing number of pupils (1964/65: 770; 1977/79: 852). The proportion of female pupils also rose somewhat during this period (1964 / 65–1971 / 72: 8–9%; 1977/78: 17%). The proportion of female teachers grew from 7% to 12% over the same period. In addition, in 1964/65 48% of all students were boarding school students, in 1977/78 only 32%. Another important event during this period was the inauguration of the new sports area in 1969, which is still the sports field of the Sailergymnasium today. Before that, the school had to switch to the Danube Stadium and the sports field of the seminar. From 1975 the construction of the college level wing (today often simply called Green Block ) began, which became necessary due to the increasing number of students and the new college level system. For this purpose, the old caretaker's apartment and the old break hall were demolished, the covered walkway between the two playgrounds served as a replacement for the latter, and the new caretaker's apartment was built south of the gyms. The college level wing itself was put into operation in 1977.

1978 / 79–1989 / 90: upheaval

During this time, the number of pupils at the Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium halved to almost 484 pupils, which was due to the low birth classes 1975-79, the establishment of a grammar school in Wertingen and the closing of the boarding schools. At the same time, the number of students who opted for the humanist branch rapidly declined. Latin as the first foreign language also lost its popularity (1978/79: 50%; 1988/89: 21%). The mathematical and scientific branch had thus become the dominant one. In order to increase the attractiveness of Latin as the first foreign language again, the mathematics course was also opened up for L1 students (from grade 8). In the 1989/90 school year 57% of 5th grade students therefore chose Latin again. The proportion of female students rose from 18% to 28% during this period. In addition, an extensive general renovation was necessary, as the building, which was only built in 1960, already had considerable defects. In 1986 a memorial was erected for Michael Kitzelmann , a high school graduate born in 1936 who had been executed by the National Socialists, in an inner courtyard called the "Ehrenhof" (today the break hall is located here).

1990 / 91–1999 / 2000: the dawn of the new millennium

During this period, the modern linguistic-mathematical branch continued to grow, while the humanistic branch in particular fell sharply. Latin as the first foreign language also fell sharply - especially since the introduction of the “European Gymnasium” (with a mathematical and scientific focus) in 1999/2000. The number of pupils rose slightly to 663 during this period, and the proportion of girls in 2000 was 40%. Since the grammar school did not have an auditorium in which the pupils could stay in bad weather, construction of a break hall began in 1998. For this purpose, the little-noticed, because it was too remote, "Ehrenhof" was roofed over and rebuilt. The roll of honor for Michael Kitzelmann was given its new place at the intersection of the diagonals of the property, exactly in the middle of the inner playground. In 1999 the break hall was put into operation. In addition to this function, the school now had a well-equipped event and theater room with extensive audio and lighting technology.

The "Sailer" in the new millennium

In 2010 the school celebrated its 460th anniversary. As for all grammar schools in Bavaria, the first decade of the new millennium represented a major turning point for the Sailergymnasium: As before 1874 and during the Nazi regime, the grammar school time was again shortened to eight years (G8), the students leave school so after the 12th grade. The last G9 class passed their Abitur in the 2010/2011 school year, and the 13th class has not existed since then. Therefore, after a sharp increase in the number of students from 2011 onwards, a small step backwards is recorded: in 2005/06 the number of students at the Sailergymnasium was 850, in the school year 2012/2013 almost 800 high school students attended the school, in 2013/14 it was around 750.

Training directions

The Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium offers a total of three school branches, one

  • Linguistic grammar school with a humanistic and modern language branch and a
  • Scientific and technological high school.

Since 2010 the high school has been sponsored by the Ministry of Education as a “talent base in North Swabia”.

Study Association Dilingana

The 400th anniversary of the grammar school on July 13th to 18th, 1950 marked the birth of the Dillinger Studienvereinigung Dilingana. During the festivities, a "preliminary statute of the Dillinger Studienvereinigung" was drawn up. On the basis of these association rules, the founding meeting of the study association took place on March 13, 1951, at which the Dillinger study association was properly founded by the members present . The Dilingana Study Association is an association of former students and friends of the Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium. The connection to the school is maintained through an annual newsletter. In addition, every five years it organizes a large student party to which all former students and teachers are invited.

Support association

The purpose of the development association is the "objective and material support" of the grammar school. In addition to donations for school equipment, this also includes donations to students in need and the implementation of cultural and sporting events.

Known relatives

Teacher

student

Headmaster since 1946

  • Hans Müller 1946–1948
  • Siegfried von Klessing 1948–1959 (planning of a new school building 1958–1959)
  • Clemens Gerst 1959–1974 (new building at the current location 1959–1961)
  • Ludwig Häring 1974–1978 ("green" extension 1975–1977)
  • Hanns Kuen 1978–1985
  • Manfred Keßler 1985–1991
  • Joachim Hopp 1991–1995
  • Walter A. Neubeck 1995–2001 (new construction of the break hall / assembly hall 1998–1999)
  • Herbert Hofmann 2001–2009 (new canteen 2003)
  • Kurt Ritter from 2009 (new building extension, complete renovation from 2015)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ AM Seitz: Brief history of the Dillinger grammar school in the time of the prince-bishop (1549 / 50–1804). In: History of the city of Dillingen ad Donau and its grammar school 1550-1950. Festschrift to celebrate the four hundredth anniversary of the high school in Dillingen a. d. D. Dillingen ad D. 1950, p. 68; Quoted from: Hermann Muzell: The Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium in its 450-year history. In: 450 years of Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium Dillingen ad Donau. 1549 / 50-2000. Gundelfingen 2000
  2. ^ Friedrich Zoepfl : The study library in Dillingen - your history from 1549 to 1945 . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association Dillingen an der Donau Vol. 70, Dillingen an der Donau 1968
  3. ↑ Dillingana 12, 1956, pp. 6f.
  4. ^ [1] Extract from the annual report for the school year 2000/2001
  5. ↑ Conveying humanity to students: ceremony. Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium celebrates its 460th anniversary. Speakers praise reputation. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Donau-Zeitung from July 12, 2010  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sailer-gymnasium.de
  6. ^ Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium (ed.): Annual report 2013/2014 . Dillingen ad Donau 2014, p. 186 f .
  7. ↑ Muzell, Hermann; Petrich, Inge; Flurschütz, Werner: Festschrift to celebrate the 450th anniversary of the Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium Dillingen ad Donau . Leo-Druck, Gundelfingen 2000.
  8. ↑ http://www.sailer-gymnasium.de/index.php?section=dilingana
  9. ↑ http://www.sailer-gymnasium.de/index.php?section=foerderverein
  10. ↑ Directorate of the Johann-Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium (ed.). Hermann Muzell u. a. (Editorial staff). Festschrift to celebrate the 450th anniversary of the Johann Michael-Sailer-Gymnasium Dillingen ad Donau. July 2000. page 104
  11. ^ [2] Walter Neubeck on WürzburgWiki
  12. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated August 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Donau-Zeitung from September 1st, 2009.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sailer-gymnasium.de