Forest (Gunzenhausen)

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Forest
City of Gunzenhausen
Former Wald municipal coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 7 ′ 56 ″  N , 10 ° 42 ′ 26 ″  E
Height : 416 m above sea level NN
Residents : 823
Incorporation : April 1, 1971
Postal code : 91710
Area code : 09831, Unterhambach 09836
Forest, seen from the Altmühlsee
The church of St. Martin and Egidius, built in the margrave style
The coat of arms of the Falkenhausen family in the church

Wald is a place in the area of ​​the city of Gunzenhausen near the Altmühlsee in the central Franconian district of Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen . The former parts of the municipality of Schweina , Mooskorb , Steinabühl and Unterhambach belong to the former municipality of Wald . To the east of the village are the Evangelical Church of St. Martin and Egidius and Falkenhausen Castle . With its 823 inhabitants, the place is one of the largest districts of a municipality in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district.

location

The place is close to the west bank of the Altmühlsee and about 4.5 kilometers northwest of Gunzenhausen. Streudorf, which also belongs to Gunzenhausen, is about a kilometer north of Wald . The places Mooskorb and Steinabühl are spatially merged with the forest , not far south is Schweina . The Walder Altmühl flows east of the village . At Wald there is a landing stage for the MS Altmühlsee .

history

A place of forest, probably a Franconian settlement from the 8th / 9th centuries. Century, first mentioned in 1221; however, the assignment to today's forest is uncertain. Even with later documents it is difficult to determine whether the name of the forest refers to the place forest or just a small-scale landscape designation. The place name can be interpreted as a settlement in the forest, in the wilderness. The original place name form Walde changed into the current form in the 14th century. It also happens that the place name is translated into Latin , so as "silva" 1296, as a Heinrich "de silua" documents.

In the second half of the 13th century, a local nobility appears that can be safely assigned to the village of Wald. In 1261 a noble Ortlieb von Walde appears as a documentary witness. In 1267 there was another reliable mention of Wald in connection with an exchange of goods. In 1273 Ortliebus and his brother Bertoldus “de Walde” documents. From 1254 to 1286 a Chunradus (I.) de Walde, Canon of Herrieden, documents several times as notary of the Bishop of Eichstätt; "Decanus" Konrad (II.) Von Walde is mentioned several times in episcopal documents from 1289 to 1323. He and his brother Walther were sons of Chunrad von Rothenburg , Schenk von Limpurg. In 1298, the Eichstatt Bishop Konrad II von Pfeffenhausen left the Heidenheim monastery with income from Walde and other nearby properties. Other local nobility were Walter von Walde (brother of Konrad II, also a clergyman), Friedrich (I) Amman von Walde (named 1304), his son Bertold von Walde and Friedrich (II.) Von Walde (named 1336). In 1364 a Nikolaus Walder is mentioned about Wald; In the second half of the 14th century, however, the low-nobility Walder zu Wald moved to Gunzenhausen.

In 1355 a castle (a moated castle ) is mentioned, which up until this point was owned by an Erkinger Truchseß von Wahrberg as a fiefdom of the Bishop of Würzburg; It was built in the 2nd half of the 12th century by the noblemen of Gnotzheim - Spielberg . From a document that was issued two years later, we learn that St. Michael zu Wald, probably a chapel built by the Lords of Spielberg next to the moated castle, had been a branch of the Gnotzheim parish up until then. In addition to the Waldern, the Gailing / Geiling family also owned shares in Wald Castle from 1330; In 1375, Emperor Charles IV lent part of the "broken" Veste Wald, which had been taken from Ekkelein Geyling ( which went down in history as the robber baron Eppelein von Geilingen ), to the burgraves (and later margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach ) in Nuremberg. In the same year , Burgrave Friedrich V bought another part of the castle stables from Konrad Fuchs von Suntheim, who had married into the Geiling family. In 1385 the burgraves handed over their two parts of the fortress with accessories as a fiefdom to Konrad von Lentersheim the Elder. to Neuenmuhr . A year later, Apel von Crailsheim gave his share of the castle to the burgraves and received it back as a fief; it is not known when the von Crailsheim family came into possession of this property.

At the end of the 14th century, a miller von Wald is mentioned who has fields from the Ellwangen monastery as a fief.

In the 15th century, Wald / Walld / Vald often appeared in documents. Since the fortress was dedicated to Duke Ludwig of Bavaria the Elder. J. opposed, he transferred his share of the fortress in 1419 to Heinrich Preller, the Vogt of Graisbach . In 1459 Margrave Albrecht von Brandenburg gave the castle to a Hans Motschidler with all accessories for "Leibgeding", ie for life. In 1518 the Brandenburg Margraves Kasimir and Jörg handed over their Wald Castle with all its accessories to Emperor Maximilian I .; Veit von Lentersheim, who sits here, renounces the castle and the village to the emperor and margrave in 1522 in favor of the margraves. Soon afterwards (1527) the village became Protestant. In 1531 Margrave Georg prescribes the "Waldt" estate to Hanns Ochsenbach as a fief. The usual fragmentation of the property becomes clear in 1532: It is reported that the jurisdiction over the neck lies with the city of Gunzenhausen, the castle, 10 estates, the tavern, the mill and the bath room belong to the Brandenburg office of Wald and that the box office Gunzenhausen in Wald also has ownership; the parish feud was held by the Counts of Oettingen and the big tithe of Wald, Steinabühl, Moßkorb (Mosskorb) and Schweina was partly due to the pastors in Gnotzheim and to Wald, partly to the Arberg caste office and partly to the hospital and the sacristans in Gunzenhausen. In 1608 the village "Waldt" is described as consisting of four "spots", namely the forest itself and the hamlets of Schweina, Moßkorb and Steinenpühl. Two years later, Margrave Joachim Ernst gave “Ämptlein und Schlößlein Waldt” with all accessories (fish water, mill, bath room) to Wolf Christoph von Lentersheim; the Lentersheimers were owners of estates around the village of Wald in the 14th century. From 1624 Ludwig von Zocha was a Brandenburg fiefdom recipient of Waldt Castle with accessories, initially on a Leibgeding basis, and in 1626 as an inheritable knight man's fief; a school house is also mentioned in this context. Most of the 69 houses in Wald were destroyed in the Thirty Years War. The church was also affected and rebuilt in 1724.

In 1732, the four-spotted community of Wald in the Gunzenhausen Oberamt consists of the castle , 1 rectory, 1 schoolhouse, 2 shepherds' houses, 18 subjects of von Zocha (including a mill, tavern, forge, bakery) and 2 subjects of the Gunzenhausen caste department; von Zocha was also the ruler of the community, the bailiwick and the church consecration protection. Most of the tithe went to Spielberg. When the von Zocha family died out, in 1749 the Brandenburg margraves enfeoffed the von Falkenhausen family with the Wald estate; the baron family still owns the castle today.

In 1792 Wald became Prussian with the Principality of Brandenburg-Ansbach . Fourteen years later, on January 1st, 1806, Wald and the now former Principality of Ansbach became Bavarian as a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . From 1808 the community belonged to the new Rezatkreis , first as a tax district , then in 1818 as a rural community , which was renamed the Central Franconia administrative district in 1838 . From 1820 to 1827 and 1834 the Falkenhausers had a first class patrimonial court under the name Wald-Laufenbürg . In 1896 a Raiffeisen Loan Association was founded and in 1937 a warehouse was built. Initially located in the district court / district office (from 1939 district) Gunzenhausen, the previously independent municipality of Wald was incorporated into Gunzenhausen on April 1, 1971 as part of the regional reform in Bavaria and thus became part of the new Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district on July 1, 1972, initially with the name of the district of Weißenburg in Bavaria . Since the construction of the Altmühlsee and its flooding in 1985, the forest has been changing from a predominantly agricultural village to a tourist destination.

Coat of arms (since December 29, 1958)

“Split by silver and blue; in front a black fir tree, at the back sitting on a lowered silver beam, a gold-armored silver falcon with a red hood, gold collar and headdress. ”The falcon is based on the Falkenhauser family coat of arms, the fir tree symbolizes the place name.

Personalities

literature

  • Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Forest . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 6 : V-Z . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1804, DNB  790364328 , OCLC 833753116 , Sp. 80-81 ( digitized version ).
  • Heimatverein Wald-Streudorf (Hrsg.): History (s) from Wald and Streudorf. Gunzenhausen: Emmy Riedel, Buchdruckerei und Verlag GmbH, 2009.
  • Robert Schuh: Gunzenhausen. Former district of Gunzenhausen . Series of Historical Place Name Book of Bavaria. Middle Franconia, Vol. 5: Gunzenhausen . Munich: Commission for bayer. Landesgeschichte 1979, pp. 325–327.
  • Gottfried Stieber: Forest . In: Historical and topographical news from the Principality of Brandenburg-Onolzbach . Johann Jacob Enderes, Schwabach 1761, p. 887-892 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Forest  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ This section largely follows Schuh, pp. 325–327
  2. ↑ Schuh, p. 92
  3. ↑ Schuh, p. 325
  4. ↑ Schuh, p. 327
  5. ↑ Story (s), p. 16
  6. ↑ Story (s), pp. 13, 16
  7. ↑ history (s), p. 17f.
  8. ↑ Story (s), p. 19
  9. ↑ Story (s), p. 8
  10. ↑ Story (s), p. 15
  11. ↑ Story (s), p. 15
  12. ↑ history (s), pp. 20f.
  13. ↑ Story (s), p. 8
  14. ↑ Story (s), p. 19
  15. ↑ Story (s), p. 139
  16. ↑ Story (s), p. 76
  17. ↑ Story (s), p. 131
  18. ↑ History of the City of Gunzenhausen ( Memento of the original from January 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gunzenhausen.de
  19. ^ Story (s), pp. 135-137
  20. ^ Home book of the city of Gunzenhausen. Gunzenhausen 1982, p. 246
  21. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz:  Bezzel, Hermann. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 574-576.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )