Laufenbuerg Castle

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Laufenbuerg Castle
Gatehouse of Laufenbuerg Castle

Gatehouse of Laufenbuerg Castle

Alternative name (s): Lepphenburg, Lepfenburg, Leffenburg
Creation time : 12th century / 18th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg
Conservation status: Wall pieces
Standing position : Nobles, clericals
Place: Wassertrüdingen - Laufenbuerg
Geographical location 49 ° 4 '41 "  N , 10 ° 40' 14"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 4 '41 "  N , 10 ° 40' 14"  E
Laufenbuerg Castle (Bavaria)
Laufenbuerg Castle

The castle Laufenbürg is the ruin of a lowland castle in Wassertrüdingen south of Cronheim in Ansbach in Middle Franconia .

Geographical location and strategic importance

former County of Oettingen
Castle hill and defensive wall in front
Wall and hollow of the former castle complex

The manor is about two kilometers south of Cronheim and six and a half kilometers north of Wassertrüdingen on flat terrain. The castle probably served together with the Truhendingen ancestral castle Hohentrüdingen and the Spielberg castle to secure the sovereignty of the lords of Truhendingen . The increasing indebtedness of the Lords of Truhendingen, especially due to the Meran inheritance dispute in the 1280s, led to the sale of many goods. The sex was divided into two lines in 1290. The old chest branch died out as early as 1311. This led, among other things, to the sale of their ancestral castle Hohentrüdingen on July 4, 1363 for 3500 "well weighed" guilders to the Counts of Oettingen, who were related to the neighboring family of those of Cronheim by marriage, whereby the Laufenbürg lost its strategic importance. The area around the Laufenbürg and Gnotzheim with the Spielberg Castle there formed an enclave of the County of Oettingen .

history

The castle complex was probably built in the 12th or 13th century by the Counts of Truhendingen . The Counts of Truhendingen were closely related to the Counts of Oettingen. Adelheid, the daughter of Count Albrecht von Truhendingen, was married to Count Ludwig II von Oettingen in the 12th century. Countess Imagina von Truhendingen was with Count Ludwig VI in 1337. von Oettingen married, which explains the later claim of the Lords of Oettingen to the manor. The name Laufenbürg probably comes from the people of Oettinger. Maria von Oettingen († 1369) was with Rudolf III. von Habsburg-Laufenburg , (* July 15, 1270; † December 22, 1314 in Montpellier) married which explains why documents with a local noble family "von Laufenbürg" only appear from 1337. This suggests that the castle had a different name before that time.

A noble family named after this castle appeared for the first time in a document dated September 9th, 1337, as the "veste knight Herr Prawene Uman von der Lepfenburg", the following year, on March 2nd, 1338, as a knight "Herr Brun der Amman von der Lepfenburg “Designated, appeared. A certain confirmation of the Oettingian feudal rights to this manor can be found in a document from 1619, in which the castle is referred to as the “Graflich-ötting'sche feudal manor Leffenburg”. The lords of Laufenbuerg were vassals of the lords of Öttingen . In a document dated January 24, 1342, the Counts Ludwig and Friedrich zu Oettingen, Landgraves in Alsace, Bruno Amman von der Lepfenburg confirm the “Theidigung” (participation? Division?) That he had in estates in the “heat” with Mr. Burckart von Seckendorff had agreed. An Agnes Ammann von der Lauffenburg was married to Conrad von Seckendorff († April 14, 1395). The assumption that the sex could go back to the Lords of Laubenberg, who were ministerial offices of the diocese of Augsburg , is probably not tenable.

In 1349 Bruno Amman von Lauffenburg was named. In 1364 there was Kunz Zöllner and Ulrich Amman zu Lauffenburg, in 1369 there was a Fritz Knopf and Heinrich Ammon. In 1369 a Heinrich von Lepphenberg appeared. He was probably identical with the knight Heinrich Ammon von Lepphenburg, who in 1375, together with his brother Hanns Ammon and sister Else (Helena), sold this castle to the widow of Conrad von Hürnheim , Anna von Paulsdorf .

After that, a lively change of ownership of the manor began. In 1381 Konrad von Rechenberg owned part of the castle. In 1396 the customs part of the castle was owned by Hildebrand Tannhauser and Hans von Emetzheim (noble family Kropf). In 1398 Marquart von Dürrnbuch , called von Seckendorff , also appeared in possession of part of the castle. In 1401 the Lords of Cronheim also owned part of the castle. Hans I. called himself von Cronheim zu Cronheim and Lauffenburg († around 1427), whose wife Anna was possibly identical with Anna von Paulsdorf. After that, ownership of the castle changed to Hipolt von Dannhausen , who in 1418 sold it to Conrad von Holzingen von Wiesenbruck and his wife Anna von Schwaningen . In 1432 Hans von Rechenberg appeared as a shareholder. Siegmund von Holzingen was named as the owner in 1447 and his wife Genofeva von Lentersheim in 1461 . In 1474, the Oettingian feudal judge Martin von Cronheim was mentioned as the owner of the Laufenbürg, whose cousin was married to Heinrich von Oettingen. In 1477, Erkinger von Rechenberg was named as the owner of half of the castle. After the Lords of Holzingen died out , the other half went to Hans von Gundelsheim , who sold it to Eberhard Geyer and the imperial servant Wolfgang Gozmann von Thurn zu Rothenberg in 1500. A part also seems to have gone to the Gunzenhausen bailiff Veit von Vestenberg , because in 1540 Georg von Vestenberg sold it to the brothers Balthasar and Christoph von Rechenberg (∞ Clara von Cronheim), sons of the Gunzenhausen bailiff Ernst von Rechenberg and his wife Coecilia von Ahelfingen . They began building a new castle in 1583 after the previous building had been destroyed. After the von Rechenberg family died out in 1583, the manor was returned to Gottfried von Oettingen, who then gave it to Bernhard von Westernach as a fief. In 1592 ownership went to his son Hans Christoph von Westernach, who sold the castle to Ludwig von Zocha in 1626. After a fire, the castle was rebuilt in 1628. Around 1730, Carl Friedrich von Zocha built a new building, which however again fell victim to a fire in 1895. The estate remained in the possession of the Lords of Zocha until 1749 before it fell back to the Lehenseigner, the Lords of Öttingen , in 1750 . In 1750 the Oettinger finally sold the manor together with the fields, meadows, forests and possessions in Aha , Oberasbach , Sausenhofen , Ostheim for 60,000 guilders to the Margrave of Ansbach, who left them to the Barons of Falkenhausen in 1752 .

investment

To the north of the still existing gate system of the youngest palace complex is a large, roughly square hollow, which is bordered in the shape of a horseshoe by a dam-like wall. A deep moat runs on the outside of the wall. The western part of the trench was filled with rubble in 1977. As there is no clue as to the type and appearance of the castle or palace and the peculiar large hollow in particular has always given rise to speculations about the history of the building, a special excavation was carried out in this area in 1979. In the course of this, three different pavements could be exposed in the courtyard area, of which the lowest, at a depth of around 1.5 meters, could be assigned to the castle building from 1564. On the basis of the excavation results and detailed archive studies as well as the possibility of comparison with a facade view of the most recent castle building painted on porcelain, the floor plans of the lower and upper castle could be reconstructed. The lower part of the relatively small main wing of the palace therefore reached the level of today's hollow, which at that time was a baroque garden with outside stairs and apse-shaped bulges on the opposite side and probably also with a small artificial lake. In the wall and in the moat preserved on the west, north and east sides, the remains of former buildings and fortifications can be seen.

Substructures , walls and moats have been preserved from the former castle complex . The gatehouse (monument number D-5-71-214-87), the former Meierhof and a “pleasure pond” (monument number D-5-71-214-87) are of the youngest castle, which was built by Carl Friedrich von Zocha with the help of the Ansbach building inspector Johann David Steingruber around 1730/50 Monument number D-5-71-214-87). The gatehouse is a one-storey hipped roof building with projecting risalits and concave flanking structures.

see also : List of architectural monuments in Wassertrüdingen # Laufenbürg

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ A document from the Ebrach monastery dated February 2, 1371 describes a land reclamation near Schwabach "in heat" - Regesta sive Rerum Boicarum Autographa ad annum usque 1300 e Regni Scriniis, Volume 9, p. 255 Today a piece of forest near Schwabach-Eichwasen is called "Brünst" denotes what is probably the same
  2. ↑ The coat of arms of the Laubenberg is shown at Siebmacher on plate 111 next to that of the Lords of Cronheim. The description of the seal of Bruno Amman von der Laufenbürg as "wearing a horned man's head" in the shield contradicts this, however.

Web links

Commons : Laufenbürg Castle  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Corpus historiae Brandenburgicae diplomaticum. Part 1, p. 171 and footnote p. 52/53.
  2. ^ Corpus historiae Brandenburgicae diplomaticum. Part 1, p. 169 and family tree p. 173.
  3. ↑ Maximil. Bar. De Freyberg: Regesta sive rerum boicarum autographa ad annum usque MCCC. e regni scriniis. 1835.
  4. ^ State archive Amberg Pfalz-Sulzbach: Secret registry 1439–1783. AZ 48/70.
  5. ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner: Register of the flourishing and dead nobility in Germany. Volume 1: A-F. GJ Manz, Regensburg 1860, p. 26. (Entry: † Ammen von Laufenburg, books.google.de ).
  6. ↑ Maxmil. Bar. De Freyberg: Regesta sive rerum Boicarum autographa. 1838, p. 328.
  7. ^ Karl Heinrich von Lang: Historical network of the Rezatkreis: that is: the city buildings, regional and ruling courts of the Rezatkreis. 1834, p. 27.
  8. ^ District association of the workers welfare organization Roth-Schwabach: Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions. 2000.
  9. ↑ Friedrich Oeselin: Historologia Oettingana, that is, a short historical description of many strange things from the Counts of Oettingen, including their lordships and lands. Volume 4, 1774, p. 35.
  10. ↑ Gottfried Stieber: Historical and Topographical Message from the Principality of Brandenburg Anolzbach. 1761, p. 548 f.
  11. ↑ Notice board on site