Allodium Cronheim
| Allodium Cronheim | ||
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 Model of the Cronheim palace complex. In the picture front right the Allodium with tithe barn |
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| Data | ||
| place | Cronheim | |
| builder | Matthias Seybold (Baroque) | |
| Client | possibly Konrad von Staufen (Allodium), Johann Anton II. von Freyberg (conversion) | |
| Architectural style | Baroque | |
| Construction year | around 1140, rebuilt in 1749 | |
| Floor space | ~ 1000 m² (12th century) m² | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 5 '44 " N , 10 ° 39' 49" E | |
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| particularities | ||
| Architectural monument within the meaning of Art. 1 of the DSchG - monument number D-5-77-136-151 | ||
At the site of the historic vicarage in Cronheim originally was possibly built around 1140 and reinforced Allodium the manor Cronheim. It is part of the former outer bailey of Cronheim Castle . The foundation and ground floor walls of the manor house were partially reused by the prince-bishop's building inspector Matthias Seybold during the renovation in 1749. It is one of the oldest buildings in the area. Today the building is privately owned by a branch of the gentry family .
location
The Allodium is located in the center of Cronheim west of Gunzenhausen in the central Franconian district of Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen . The former Jewish school and synagogue of the town are on the opposite side of the street. On the courtyard side, it faces Cronheim Castle and is part of the outer bailey .
Conservation status - Allodium
There are still considerable remains of buildings from the former, reinforced allodioim, even if this is not recognizable at first glance. In addition to the tricky property rights, this fortunate circumstance is attributable to the ingenious architect Matthias Seybold , who skillfully managed to convert the high medieval allodium into a secular building that was contemporary for this era, taking into account the large remains of the previous building . He shortened the wall in the west to the current length of the building, received both the entire south and east walls, the latter completely including the adjoining former curtain wall, which is still completely preserved in the north including the east gate, although the arch above it has been removed has been. The curtain wall in the west with the courtyard gate, which was also preserved by Seybold, was only removed during renovation work in 1982 and 1999 when the kindergarten was built. Even the partition walls of the former farm yard were preserved in a shortened form and, according to Seybold's plans, served as a bakery and wash house. The ground floor walls of the tithe barn in the west and south, preserved in a reduced height, only had to give way to a wooden picket fence in March 2019, with little consideration of their historical function.
history
The allodium
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The establishment of the town of Cronheim probably goes back to the original Meierhof , which belonged to the Heidenheim monastery . Through Burchard von Cronheim, who is mentioned as a witness in the donation book of the Provost of Berchtesgaden when the Wolftrigel and Diemo von Fronhofen were donated , a local nobility appeared in a document around 1140. According to current opinion, the building is regarded as the farmyard (allodioum) of the adjacent Cronheim Castle . However, the latest research suggests that the facility may have been designed as a royal court for the Hohenstaufen family. It is considered certain that the construction of the fortified manor required the express approval of the king who owned the castle building shelves or that the construction was initiated by the king himself. The Allodium Cronheim was an imperial-free manor, which was thus originally not subject to any sovereign taxation. The allodium included both the lower and the high jurisdiction . The court was about 15 meters south of the manor.
The location of the allodium was based on the road network of that time, which, at least as simple routes, went back to the Roman military roads that crossed at this point. One route led from the north-west / south-east of Rothenburg ob der Tauber via Herrieden , Arberg , crossing the Limes near Cronheim to the south via Gnotzheim to Regensburg or via Weißenburg to Eichstätt and Ingolstadt . Another route from northeast to southwest led from Nuremberg via Schwabach , Cronheim, Oettingen, Nördlingen to Ulm or the Rangau immediately to Göppingen . The favorable transport connections can be seen as an indication of the royal court theory. It is not known whether the Allodium, now known more as a farm or estate, was built immediately in solid construction or initially in wood. Before the second half of the 14th century at the latest, there was a massive residential building at this point, which was reinforced with its own curtain wall, gate and moat. The emergence of firearms at this time made the defense of the small castle of Cronheim difficult. Hans von Cronheim now felt compelled to strengthen the defensive capability of the facility and to expand the storage capacity for storing the tithe levies. He decided to extend the north-south axis of the mansion towards the south to the then Amtsknechthaus (now the AWO workshop) with a circular wall and to install an additional gate system with a drawbridge. To the north he built a tithe barn , which was attached to the curtain wall of the allodium. To the church of St. Maria Magdalena he drew a wall with a gate to the south. The moated castle , the construction of which began in the 13th century at the latest, was protected by a large outer castle with a castle courtyard facing east. From this point in time at the latest, the Allodium no longer served as the seat of the Lords of Cronheim, who had meanwhile moved to the well-developed and more representative moated castle. The old manor house of the manor was now rented by the local rulers as patron saint to the church, which set up their rectory in it.
Hans von Cronheim and the village pastor of Cronheim from the von Bernheim family are named as helpers of the notorious robber baron Eppelein von Gailingen . In the case files it is noted: “Item to Cronheim you were about to come and Hensel zu Cronheim took you home. Item of the Pfaff in front of the same purg she also held, he is the Bernheimer veter ... “The relationship of the pastor suggests that Eppelein von Gailingen together with his son-in-law (husband of his daughter Anna) Hermann von Bernheim and his brother Dietrich in the Allodium shelter found where her cousin lived. From the fief book of Gerlach von Hohenlohe-Hohenlohe the relationship becomes even clearer. It describes that "Ekkelin Geyling von Walde and her Hermann von Bernheim" jointly had a third of the tithe in Berltesheim "that previously held" des Swarzzen Geylinges ". Accordingly, Eppelein von Geilingen and Hermann von Bernheim shared this legacy Hermann von Bernheim is also named as Gerlach von Hohenlohe's servant. The story was filmed under the name Ekklins Knecht based on the script by Peter Klewitz in 2008. Hans von Cronheim, played by Klaus Jugl, is portrayed as a traitor to Eppelein, what The Zehntscheuer was burned down in a feud between Hans von Cronheim and Heinrich and Hartung von Wiesenthau in 1397. The residential building seems to have been spared, probably because the pastor lived in it. Also as 1403 the Nuremberg Burgrave Johann III destroyed the moated castle Cronheim, it is not reported that the allodium was also destroyed was bothering.
Around 1477, Wilhelm von Cronheim expanded the entire complex to the south by converting the local church of St. Maria Magdalena into a fortified church , creating another outer bailey to protect the castle. The total area of the facility including the two outer castles (excluding the pond) thus extended to almost 8,000 m².
Until 1560, Cronheim was a Catholic parish that changed to Protestantism through the introduction of the Brandenburg Church Ordinance . The pastor and resident of the manor at that time, Georg Haß, after Ried Johann Haß, had already married his cook in neighboring Stetten in 1558 under the protection of the House of Brandenburg-Onolzbach . On May 23, 1564 Pastor Haß complained about the condition of his dwelling in the Cronheim rectory. He stated that he had moved to the Frühmesshaus before 1560 (it was diagonally across from the rectory between today's houses No. 67 and 68), as the rectory had become dilapidated. But now the early measurement house is also in disrepair. He also stated that the gentlemen von Leonrod , who were now the owners of the manor, wanted to drive him out of the early mess house, but that his income of 80 guilders was not enough to be able to carry out the renovation work himself. On May 28, 1564, the margrave promised to help Mr. Leonrod to repair the rectory, but in 1571 no work had been done on it. Pastor Haß died on October 23, 1573. In 1580 the manor Cronheim came to Sebastian Neustädter called Stürmer , who sold it to his brother-in-law Friedrich von Eyb zu Eybburg as early as 1592, including the parish he had acquired in the meantime and the early mass of Cronheim , who had Cronheim Castle extensively rebuilt. In 1602 he also built the first school in Cronheim voluntarily and at his own expense. The expenses for the expansion of the castle led to financial problems, so that he was forced to mortgage parts of his possessions. This also had consequences for the urgently needed repairs to the Allodium, which were probably postponed further.
The in 16./17. Century changing faith of the place Cronheim at times meant that both a Catholic and a Protestant pastor made claims to the local church. The Protestant pastor Johann Boeckler, father of the famous Boeckler brothers , was now to be driven out of the village and replaced by the Catholic priest Wagner, who moved into quarters in the old rectory. During the religious dispute between the Protestant margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach and the Eichstätter bishop, Boeckler came under increasing pressure. The father, who temporarily taught his children himself, was forced to resign from office in 1628 in the course of the Counter-Reformation energetically pursued by the " witch bishop " Johann Christoph von Westerstetten and finally expelled from Cronheim in 1634. He was the last Protestant pastor in Cronheim. His sons Johann Heinrich Boeckler (* December 13, 1611 in Cronheim; † September 12, 1672 in Strasbourg ) and the architect and inventor Georg Andreas Böckler (* around 1617 in Cronheim; † February 21, 1687 in Ansbach ) achieved fame. Johann Heinrich was in 1663 by Emperor Ferdinand III. appointed Imperial Councilor and Count Palatine . Whether the old parsonage was the birthplace of the Boeckler brothers , as generally described, is controversial, since at the time in question the old parsonage was in a very poor state of construction and therefore the Frühmesshaus was preferred as a residential building.
There seems to have been no major alterations to the manor since Pastor Haß's complaint in 1564, because Wagner also complained bitterly about the state of the building. On January 6, 1631, he wrote to the Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt that he could only live in it “if his life was in danger”, since the rectory was only standing because it was hanging on four supports. Repair work has now been approved but not carried out. The reason for this can be assumed in the ownership of the manor house, which belonged to the local rule as patronage and was only rented to the church as a parsonage.
According to a report from 1635, as a result of the Thirty Years' War in Cronheim, in addition to the rectory, only the church, the smithy and the brickworks remained intact, which contradicts the statements of the former bailiff Grünwinkler, who described that the outer bailey when Gustav Adolf's troops broke in in the area was first completely robbed in 1632 by the imperial opposing party under Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly , before it was burned down with the village in 1633; whether from Swedish or imperial troops could not be proven. This contradiction is probably due to the fact that the pastor did not live in the actual parsonage, but in the early mess house and this was viewed as the parsonage. It was only with the sale of the manor by Messrs Notthracht on January 10, 1671, that Prince-Bishop Marquard II. Schenk von Castell succeeded in bringing the manor with the associated right of patronage including the property of the manor to the diocese of Eichstätt . Thus, the ownership of the Allodium went to the diocese, which was no longer the tenant, but the owner of the facility. In 1674 the square was partially cleared of the rubble, but the house was not initially rebuilt. In 1700, the dairy in Cronheim Castle, which now also belonged to the Eichstätt diocese, was made into a flat for the pastor.
Baroqueization - The new rectory
After the old mansion of the Allodium had been in ruins since 1633, on March 2, 1748, the prince-bishop's building inspector Matthias Seybold presented plans for the reconstruction and reconstruction of the old courtyard in the late Baroque style that was customary at the time. His plan envisaged that the house should be placed on the partially existing ground floor of the old manor house. Only the outer wall to the north had to be rebuilt from scratch. It was planned to use wood and roof tiles from the old rectory again. Thanks to Seybold, large parts of the medieval predecessor building have been preserved to this day. Seybold's plans also envisaged using the then one-story old servant house (later a schoolhouse and now the AWO workshop ) as the parsonage's stable. These plans were approved by the building commission of the diocese of Eichstätt. Thanks to the ingenious inclusion of essential components of the medieval predecessor building, the parsonage, which has now been transformed into Baroque style, was inaugurated under the Eichstätter Bishop Johann Anton II von Freyberg just one year later, in 1749 . The house seems to have been neglected more often afterwards. Complaints about the poor condition of the building can be found regularly from 1865 onwards. In 1881 it was said: "No house in the village is as unsightly as the rectory". In 1874 it is described that the toilet house, which was a small wooden extension in the north of the building, could only be entered “at risk of death”. More extensive work on the building took place in 1865, before 1900 and again in 1907, with the roof also being thoroughly repaired. In the process, the elevator gable that had existed up until then was removed and the dormer windows replaced with simple skylights. But nothing else happened, so that after Ried in 1925 it was again the shabbiest house in the village. In 1981 Pastor Woratsch found similar words. On May 25, 1981, he wrote to the State Building Authority in Ansbach, “What an impression it makes when all the surrounding buildings are in excellent condition, but the rectory in the middle of the village makes such a shabby impression.” Then the building was re-covered, among other things, the exterior plaster renewed and painted, the eaves repaired, the remaining part of the old curtain wall in the west removed, the curtain wall in the east repaired. Pastor Woratsch was the last pastor who lived in the rectory of Cronheim. After his death, the rectory remained uninhabited for over 25 years and then fell into disrepair. In 2009 the community tried again to renovate the rectory. After a building inspection by the State Office for Monument Protection on April 30, 2009, the work carried out on the roof in 1982 was judged to be unsatisfactory. A financing plan would be rejected by the owner, the diocese of Eichstätt, which then offered the historic rectory for sale. In 2016, a buyer was finally found for the building, which is now in great need of renovation.
Today the property of the historic allode is divided. The former inner courtyard and the foundation walls of the tithe barn are owned by the municipality, which has set up a kindergarten on the site. The part on which the mansion stood is privately owned by a branch line of the gentlemen giving of Freiburg, in which the historian JPJ Gewin recognizes a descent from the imperial chef of the dukes of Swabia , Heinrich I von Rothenburg (1189-1228). They renovate the historic rectory and place great value on the preservation of the historic building fabric.
Buildings
The allodium
In the 14th century, the Allodium included a manor house and the tithe barn in addition to its own curtain wall. With an independent circular wall that connected the manor house and the tithe barn, and the moat, this formed an independent defense complex. It had an inner courtyard, which was secured with a separate gate to the main street. A cadastral plan from 1825 suggests that the property of the Allodium (No. 137 in the plan) extended south to the Amtsknechthaus. It is unclear whether this division was made after 1749, when the servant's house was used as the parsonage's stable, or whether this plot of land actually applied to the allodium. The old court, which was located at this point, should be seen as part of it.
The mansion
The manor house, later referred to as the old rectory, was originally a gabled roof building in the Romanesque style , which stretched on the eaves side almost the entire length parallel to the main street up to today's gate of the kindergarten. This gate was probably reinforced with its own drawbridge. The building was probably built as a solid house as early as 1140 , probably initially without a separate tithe barn, which was probably only added in the 14th century. The lordly character of the bower is evident not only from the two massive full storeys but also from the large fireplace, which was centrally located in the southern part of the house. After the independently reinforced allodium was integrated into the overall concept of the holistic outer bailey in the second half of the 14th century, the western part of the original curtain wall of the allodium was no longer required. However, it does not seem to have been torn down, as it served in part as a rear wall towards the west when the new parish barn was built in 1755. The remaining part of the western wall was only removed during renovation work in 1982.
A very similar example of this type of building is the Romanesque house in Bad Kösen, which also comes very close to the Allodium in Cronheim in terms of dimensions (Romanesque house Bad Kösen: 31 m long and 11 m wide. Original main building Allodium Cronheim 29.1 m long and 11 , 9 m wide).
The manor house, the predecessor building of today's rectory, includes the foundation walls on the ground floor facing west, south and east, including the wall up to today's kindergarten. The total length of this wall, including the east walls of the bakery and the rectory, should reflect the entire length of the old manor house and the stables.
The tithe shy
The huge old tithe barn was offset to the side behind the parish barn , which was built much later. The tithe barn was not built at the same time as the manor house. In a drawing that shows Cronheim Castle and the two outer castles around 1670, the entrances to the tithe barn are only accessible from the courtyard of the outer bailey, but not from the inner courtyard of the allodium, to which the barn actually belonged. This inner courtyard was reinforced with a separate gate and a circular wall , as can be seen on the drawing. A gable-sided gate of the barn, which would have led to this inner courtyard, or a door, however, is completely missing. An entrance to the courtyard was either bricked up or never existed. From this it can be concluded that the tithe barn with the two gates to the castle courtyard was only built after the Allodium, probably at the time when the entire complex was expanded as the outer bailey of the castle. That moves the construction time of the Haukptg building before the second half of the 14th century. That would also explain the elongated shape of the mansion, which originally had a double function as a mansion and tithe barn . Reports point to the fact that the fortified allodium already existed when the outer bailey was expanded in the 14th century with an extended curtain wall with an additional gate and a drawbridge to the east.
After it was partially burned down together with the rectory in 1633 during the marching of the troops in the Thirty Years' War, it was rebuilt in front of the manor house. From drawings showing the complex around 1661 it can be concluded that the tithe barn had a full gable towards the east, but was hipped towards the west. With the exception of the walls on the ground floor, the building was demolished in 1906. In 1907 the Catholic Church acquired the property for 450 marks to use it as a parish garden from now on. The walls of the first floor of the old tithe barn, including the entrance to the castle courtyard, were still standing until March 2019, and were used by the kindergarten to enclose the garden. The complete demolition was possible because the remains of the tithe barn were not listed.
The curtain wall and gate system
The circular wall in the east was directly connected to the manor house and is still complete today. Whether the wall has meanwhile been replaced by new masonry or whether it is actually still the original wall has not been researched. This is also the case with the gate to the east (today the kindergarten gate), whose original arched cover no longer exists. The circular wall in the west no longer exists and was replaced by a wooden fence in 1982. If one can believe a drawing that was made in 1803 of the palace complex from the west, the west gate of the allodium was possibly built in the Gothic style.
The new rectory
The parsonage originally consisted of a building complex, which also included a stable , a barn and a bakery , of which only the bakery and parts of the original surrounding wall remained in addition to the main building.
The rectory
The historic rectory in Cronheim was rebuilt in 1749 in the late Baroque style, incorporating the foundation walls of the manor house of the old Cronheim Castle according to plans by the architect and Eichstätt building inspector Matthias Seybold.
Excavation work that was carried out on the side facing the castle courtyard in connection with the monument preservation investigations in 2009 revealed that the foundation walls there are considerably older than the building that was converted in 1749. It was correctly assumed that it is the masonry of the old Niederungsburg, which from the second half of the 14th century formed part of the outer bailey of Cronheim Castle. This is also evidenced by a drawing of Cronheim Castle from 1661, which is in the Eichstätt diocesan archive. According to Ried, in addition to the parsonage foundation wall in the northwest, the foundation walls in the southwest and southeast (including the wall of the old bakery and the wooden bar) are parts of the previous building and thus part of the old mansion of the allodium, to which the ring wall and the east gate of the outer bailey were connected to the south .
The rectory is a two-storey hipped roof building , which is partially underlaid with a very carefully crafted cross-shaped barrel vault with cylindrical horizontal stitch caps or a rising cellar in the access area. In the 18th century, street level was around 60 cm lower than it is today, so that a flight of stairs led to the main entrance, from which only the top step protrudes above street level. The roof is an extraordinarily high-quality baroque carpentry construction, which obviously dates from the time it was built in 1749. It is a roof facing away on all sides with a reclining chair and a carefully designed collar beam construction. On the west side of the roof facing Cronheim Castle there was originally a large elevator gable, which was removed in February 1874 during repair work on the roof. To the right and left of the elevator gable was a hipped dormer. These were probably also replaced by simple skylights during the mentioned repair work.
Historical interior fittings such as door frames and most of the door stock, floors with wide planks and, in particular, the stairs with elaborately designed stair balusters on the banister from the late Baroque era have been preserved. The floor plan structure of the building is largely unchanged. On the upper floor, a spacious foyer connects the rooms. The premises of the service staff were in a mezzanine above the vaulted cellar, which means that the room height in these rooms is just under two meters compared to a room height of around 2.90 meters in the other rooms on the ground floor. Some walls and ceilings are decorated with simple, more recent stencil paintings , some of which have been painted over. The window niches are made up to floor level.
The bakery
It seems that Matthias Seybold also managed a minimalist solution with the construction of the bakery and wash house. The position of the masonry suggests that at least the foundation walls of the intermediate and outer walls of the previous building were used. These once separated the stable from the living area to the south and from the barn to the north. The wall to the east was the outer wall of the allode. For their new use, the partition walls only had to be shortened and bricked up. A wooden pigsty was built to the north of the bakery. It was demolished in 1906 and converted into a wooden bed.
The bakery was built at the same time as the rectory in 1749. From the round shape of the foundations it can be deduced that the oven, presumably designed as a dome oven, originally stood on the site of the later coal store. The old brick floor is still in this area. The chimney is still there, but was briefly broken off under the edge of the roof. There is also an old brick washing kettle in the bakery.
The parish barn
The massive barn, which is now mainly used as a kindergarten, was built in 1755 when the capacity of the existing tithe barn, which had to be shared with the manor of the manor, was no longer sufficient to store the taxes of the subjects. The western curtain wall of the allodium, presumed there, partially served as the outer wall to the castle courtyard in the west. In contrast to the rectory, the barn was not equipped with a hip, but a gable roof . To the inner courtyard, to the east, there was a small cellar room, which was accessible via an external staircase, as well as a passage that was used to load and unload cars without them having to turn.
The stable
The former servant house was used as a stable. The school house was later built on this site. The AWO workshop , which is about one building width from the Amtsknechthaus further south, is a newer building. According to a drawing that was made around 1670 and shows the burned-out building, the Amtsknechtshaus had a gable roof in an east-west direction. A stable or a barn was built to the west, the roof of which was hipped to the west and to the east was probably on the gable of the house. This building was also part of the eastern outer bailey. The forecourt to the north was once the court of the manor.
Fountain
The rectory had its own well, which was located next to the bakery. This fountain was not built at the same time as the parsonage, because the pastor did not apply for it to be built until March 1754, "since otherwise he would have to drive his cattle to the Jewish fountain, which would be under the control of the margrave and which would cause him difficulties anyway".
reception
There are currently plans to renovate the former parsonage, which is privately owned by a branch of the gentry family. The principle of repair before replacement should apply. The building is registered as a monument in the Bavarian Monument List under the number D-5-77-136-151.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ralf Rossmeissl: Microcosm of Cronheim. One village, three religions. P. 19.
- ↑ cronheim.org
- ^ Kurt Andermann, Reichsritterschaft, published on May 9, 2011; in: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria, URL: < http://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/Reichsritterschaft > (August 2, 2017)
- ^ District association of the workers welfare organization Roth-Schwabach: Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions. 2000, p. 38.
- ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Gunzenhausen-Weißenburg . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Franconia . Series I, Issue 8. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1960, DNB 452071089 , p. 32 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b c Ralf Rossmeissl: Microcosm of Cronheim. One village, three religions. P. 38.
- ↑ Ralf Rossmeissl: Microcosm of Cronheim. One village, three religions, p. 29. for sources and research on the history of the city of Nuremberg. 2. Vol. Legal Sources of the Imperial Cities. Delivery 1/2 (Nuremberg 1960) No. 1024.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Biedermann: Gender Register of the Reichs-Frey-Immediate Knights of Franconia, Praiseworthy Places on the Altmühl, 1748.
- ^ Kaspar Braun, Friedrich Schneider: Haus Chronik, Volume 1, p. 105, Munich, Verlag Braun and Schneider
- ↑ K. von Liliencron: "The historical folk songs of the Germans from the 13th to the 16th century, Volume 1, Song No. 28, Vogel Verlag 1865.
- ↑ Ludwig Uhland, Adelbert von Keller, Franz Pfeiffer: Uhland's writings on the history of poetry and saga, Volume 4, p. 163, Stuttgart 1869.
- ↑ probably Belzheim near Ehingen am Ries
- ^ Joseph Albrecht: Archive for Hohenlohische Geschichte, 1860, p. 363.
- ↑ Ekkelins Knecht, screenplay: Peter Klewitz; Director: Reinhard Kungel; Camera: Nico Michel; Editor: Eberhard Nuffer; Running time: 110 minutes
- ↑ Measured in the Bavaria Atlas
- ↑ Jakob Schuster: Detailed history of the religious complaints between those Roman Catholic and Protestant in the German Empire. P. 198, Leipzig 1722.
- ^ Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat. Eichstätt 1935, p. 9.
- ^ Ernst Reiter: Martin von Schaumberg: Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt 1560-1590, and the Trento Reform. Aschendorff, 1965, p. 29.
- ^ Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat. Eichstätt 1935, p. 11.
- ↑ Buchner, Franz Xaver: The Diocese of Eichstätt, historical-statistical description, based on the literature, the registry of the Episcopal Ordinariate Eichstätt and the parish reports, Vol .: 1, Eichstätt, (1937)
- ^ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Späth: Birth and Death Almanac Ansbach scholars, writers | and scholars. Volume 1. Augsburg 1796, p. 117.
- ^ A b Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat. Eichstätt 1935, p. 366.
- ↑ Buchner, Franz Xaver: The Diocese of Eichstätt, historical-statistical description, based on the literature, the registry of the Episcopal Ordinariate Eichstätt and the parish reports, Vol .: 1, Eichstätt, (1937)
- ↑ Ralf Rossmeissl: Microcosm of Cronheim. One village, three religions.
- ^ Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat. Eichstaett 1935.
- ↑ Markus Schäfer: Interpretation of the castle drawing from 1661 , 2017.
- ↑ Cost estimate of the Landbauamt Ansbach dated June 28, 1982 Annex, preliminary remarks, point 6: "Breaking off the enclosure wall at the north-west corner of the rectory and installing a wooden picket fence with a garden gate between the barn and the rectory"
- ↑ Cronheim microcosm: one village, three religions - page 58
- ^ Franz Xaver Buchner : The Diocese of Eichstätt, 1937, Volume 1, p. 138.
- ^ Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat. Eichstaett 1935.
- ↑ Dr. Weis, Bayer. State Office for Monument Preservation.
- ^ Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat. Eichstätt 1935, p. 91.
- ↑ Illustration in: Hans-Heinrich Häffner: Cronheim Castle near Gunzenhausen in Middle Franconia 2000. In: Wartburg Society for Research into Castles and Palaces (Ed.): Castles and early Palaces in Thuringia and its neighboring countries (= research on castles and palaces. Volume 5). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich [a. a.] 2000, ISBN 3-422-06263-7 , pp. 219-230.
- ^ Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat. Eichstätt 1935, p. 370.
- ^ Project Allodium Cronheim
literature
- Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat . Eichstaett 1934.
- Ralf Rossmeissl, Evelyn Gillmeister-Geisenhof: Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions . Ed .: Kreisverband der Arbeiterwohlfahrt Roth-Schwabach eV self-published, Roth-Schwabach 2000, ISBN 3-933474-09-4 .
- Hans-Heinrich Häffner: Castle Cronheim near Gunzenhausen in Middle Franconia. In: Castles and early palaces in Thuringia and its neighboring countries. (= Research on castles and palaces. Volume 5). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-422-06263-7 .
- Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt . Volume 1, 1937.
- Markus Schäfer: Interpretation of the castle drawing from 1661 . 2017.
Remarks
- ↑ He describes that when the rectory was built in 1749, only an outer wall had to be built from scratch. This statement is confirmed in the floor plans, which show that the wall thickness of the three walls mentioned is 92 cm, whereas the wall in the northeast is only 65 cm thick