Orla
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Orla Orlah, Orlau |
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 The Orlabrücke in Oppurg |
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| Data | ||
| location | Germany , Thuringia | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Saale → Elbe → North Sea | |
| source | east of the city of Triptis 50 ° 43 ′ 46 " N , 11 ° 53 ′ 57" E |
|
| muzzle |
Saale near Orlamünde Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 23 ″ N , 11 ° 32 ′ 46 ″ E 50 ° 46 ′ 23 ″ N , 11 ° 32 ′ 46 ″ E |
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| Mouth height |
166 m
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|
| length | 35 km | |
| Discharge at the Freienorla A Eo gauge: 255.3 km² Location: 1.8 km above the mouth |
NNQ (March 20, 1930) MNQ 1928–2014 MQ 1928–2014 Mq 1928–2014 MHQ 1928–2014 HHQ (July 15, 1932) |
60 l / s 409 l / s 1.37 m³ / s 5.4 l / (s km²) 12.1 m³ / s 45 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Dürrbach , Moske , Tilse, Kotschau | |
| Right tributaries | Krebsbach , Gisserling , Floßbach | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Triptis dam | |
| Small towns | Triptis , Neustadt an der Orla , Pößneck , Orlamünde | |
The Orla , also outdated Orlah or Orlau, is a 35 km long right tributary of the Saale in East Thuringia .
The river Orla signifies the Orlasenke and is accessible in its course with the Orlaradweg.
Origin of name
There are two explanations for the origin of the name. One claims a Slavic origin of orel or orol (eagle), according to the other the name is of Celtic origin and comes from Are (bear). The name would mean bear water in this case.
Headwaters
Not a single spring, but an area in which there are several springs, partly in ponds, was established as the origin of the Orla in 2000. This is located on the southern outskirts of Triptis on Braunsdorfer Straße.
course
Not far from its headwaters, the Orla is dammed into the Triptis dam. The river initially flows about 20 kilometers to the west, flows through Neustadt an der Orla and then turns north at Pößneck . After another 15 kilometers the Orla joins the Saale at Freienorla and Orlamünde ( Lage → ). Both rivers give the Saale-Orla district its name.
geology
The orla forms the lowest point of the orla valley. This is the geologically old formation of the reef area (i.e. bank area) of the Zechstein Sea , which existed until 250 million years ago.
Water quality
see also: Orla and Kotschau water pollution during industrialization
The town of Pößneck, located in the catchment area of the Orla, turned into an industrial town during industrialization. Pre-existing branches of industry, such as porcelain production, textile production and leather production, led to the establishment of factories and the associated increase in production as well as an increase in the population. The resulting sewage was discharged into the Kotschau, which flows into the Orla. This wastewater contained both organic waste and the chemicals used in industries. As early as 1908 it was reported that the water shimmered in all possible colors, that the grass in the adjacent meadows could not be used as fodder, that there was no way for fish to survive, and that the water itself could not be used either. The extreme pollution of the water lasted for more than 100 years and only declined after the end of the GDR due to the sudden decline of the Pößnecker industry.
In 1997 a modern sewage treatment plant was put into operation in Pößneck and in 1998 in Neustadt (Orla). At the same time, the sewerage network was and is being expanded, so that the pollution of the groundwater in the Orla catchment area will continue to decrease. Furthermore, the Orla has been renatured in various sections since the fall of the Wall, which includes the creation of meanders, the creation of flood plains or the creation of a wooded border.
| year | Pößneck area | Pößneck to the mouth of the Saale |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | - very dirty | - very dirty |
| 2006 | + - critically loaded | + moderately loaded |
| 2013 | - unsatisfactory | -- bad |
Individual evidence
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part I 2014. (PDF) State Office for Flood Protection and Water Management Saxony-Anhalt, p. 166 , accessed on November 3, 2018 (from: lhw.sachsen-anhalt.de).
- ↑ Elfriede Ulbricht: The river basin of the Thuringian Saale . 1st edition. Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1957.
- ↑ Rudolf Scheuch in: Heimatjahrbuch 2016, Landratsamt des Saale-Orla-Kreis (ed.), P. 163
- ↑ Herbert Althans in: Heimatjahrbuch 2016, Landratsamt des Saale-Orla-Kreis (ed.), P. 30
- ↑ Report of the Reich Health Council regarding the contamination of the Orla and Kötschau, Verlag Julius Springer, Berlin 1908, p. 2
- ↑ Zweckverband Wasser und Abwasser Orla: Pößneck sewage treatment plant and Neustadt sewage treatment plant (Orla), accessed on February 27, 2016
- ↑ Official Gazette of the city of Neustadt an der Orla Neustädter Kreisbote ( Memento of the original from February 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), Volume 23, No. 17 from August 12, 2012, accessed on February 27, 2016
- ↑ Thuringian State Agency for the Environment: Map of the water quality 1993 (PDF), accessed on February 27, 2016
- ↑ Thuringian State Agency for the Environment: Map of water quality 2006 (PDF), accessed on February 27, 2016
- ↑ Thuringian State Agency for the Environment: Map of the water quality 2013 (PDF), accessed on January 19, 2019
