Underland

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Unterländisch is the südfränkische dialect around the center of Heilbronn in the northern Württemberg , known by the common name in Wuerttemberg this region than the lowlands . It is strongly influenced by Swabian from the south (administrative center Stuttgart ) , but can be differentiated from Swabian and from the east-bordering East Franconian ( Hohenlohian ) based on the following criteria . Phonetically and historically, the dialect is closer to East Franconian than to Swabian.

Phonology

Middle High German ei is generally represented by âe, before nasal by åe ( å : very open o, including sound + e known from Danish and Swedish ) - Swabian: oi, Hohenlohisch : â. Middle High German ou is generally represented by â, before nasal by å (very open long o) - Swabian: ao, Hohenlohisch: â. Middle High German î is represented by ai - Swabian: ei, Hohenlohisch: ai or a. Middle High German û is represented by au - Swabian: ou, Hohenlohisch: au.

Examples

Middle High German	Underland	Swabian	Hohenlohisch	today's standard German
white	What	where is	What	White
stone	stå	stoi	stâ	stone
loup	lâb	laob	lâb	leaves
boum	båm	baom	bâm	tree
mîn	May	my	ma	my
hûs	House	hous	House	House

Mhd. iu is represented by ai - Schwäbisch ei, Hohenlohisch ai. Mhd. uo and ie are largely preserved. Mhd. üe is represented by îë: blîëdë (flower), hîëdë (to guard).

Mhd. â is represented by å: fråchë (question), only in New High German a lengthened in an open syllable remains: sâchë (to say).

P and t are mostly softened to b and d, except in words whose origin from the written language is still clear: bumbë (pump), but pungt (full stop). K is preserved at the beginning of the word, but inside g: child - child, drink - dringë. B is intervowel -w-: hawë, schwåwë, hêiwë (haben, Schwaben, heben).

S is sch before p and t, otherwise s. (I wais - I know). (You know? - Do you know?)

Unstressed e has often disappeared completely, the final syllable -s usually become -ë, after l or r, however, -n: fârn (drive); in certain positions there is -e (short open e) or -i (short open i): grôse laid, not: grôsë laid; alli sin doh g'west, not: all sin doh g'west. A -i- is often inserted between r / l ( liquid ) and the following g / k / ch ( Velar ): milich (milk); wolichë (clouds); kerich (church); through (through). -r (also in front of the following syllable with a consonant) is a short fricative (gh). The ending -ër (-er) is spoken very darkly, almost -ogh.

morphology

The genitive has disappeared as a practical casus and has been replaced by a construction known from Hungarian: ëm Vadder sain Hutt / Hûët (the father's hat), dë Ånne îër Schû / Schûë (Anne's shoes).

The dative of certain masculine and neuter articles and in certain positions also the accusative are probably taken from the personal pronoun, they lack the initial d-: ëm vadder, ëm kind, Hosch dë bûë gsèi? (Did you see the boy?)

A distinctive feature of personal pronouns is a double series of stressed and unstressed pronouns: î - e or i (ich); mîër - mër (me); mî - me (mich) etc. The unstressed personal pronouns are very closely linked to the inflected verb: hoschsërë gwîsë? (did you show her?)

Relative clauses are introduced with the particle wô / wû, optionally dèr / dî / des wû.

Only two tenses are used: present and perfect. The present tense represents the future tense (i gêi moriche in dë gardë - I'll go to the garden tomorrow), the (compound) perfect all past tenses.

The forms of some frequently used verbs in the Heilbronn area show a contracted plural with the vowel "e": mër hen (we have), mër dên (we do), mër lên (we leave). Otherwise: häwwë, dênë, lossë.

The past participle is formed without the prefix g- (ge) if the verb begins with a plosive sound: bunnë / bundë (bound), dôu / dô (done), gugd (looked). With an h as a verbal sound, g- merges into k-: kad / k (h) ed (had), kîd / kîëd (guarded), åkengd (appended).

The negative prefix of the adjective is û- (high-level language un-, Swabian õ-): ûågnêm (unpleasant).