Berthold I. von Teck

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Coat of arms of the bishops of Strasbourg

Berthold I von Teck (* around 1200; † October 9, 1244 ) was Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg from 1223 until his death under the rule of Emperor Friedrich II. , The pontificate of Honorius III. , Gregory IX. , Cölestin IV. And Innocent IV. And the patronage of the Metropolitan Siegfried II. Von Eppstein and Siegfried III. from Eppstein .

Origin and family

Berthold was the second son of Duke Adalbert II of Teck († after 1215), his brother was Konrad I, Duke of Teck († 1235/48).

Teck coat of arms

Spiritual and worldly sovereignty

The Strasbourg bishop had been Prince of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation since the early Middle Ages . In personal union with his spiritual power, as sovereign he exercised a secular rule over the bishopric of Strasbourg , which over the centuries developed into an institutional, but territorially fragmented state.

The spiritual influence of the Strasbourg bishop went beyond the bishopric, because only two dioceses administered the Alsatian territory with numerous independent imperial cities, ecclesiastical and secular dominions: the Strasbourg diocese in the north and the Basel diocese in the south.

Dioceses on the Rhine

Live and act

Territorial expansions and progressive separation of the city

Berthold was still young when he received the episcopate. The Strasbourg parish was able to develop under his administration. As a bishop he tried to expand the territory of the bishopric in order to deal with the Hohenstaufen expansion efforts in Alsace. In the Dagsburg succession dispute, he managed to expand his territory. This led to a conflict with King Henry VII , who allied himself with the Counts of Pfirt and the Alsatian cities against the bishop. In summary, Gertrud, Countess von Dagsburg , died childless in 1225 , although she was married three times. So the bishops of Strasbourg, Metz, and Liège made claims on the vacant lines that depended on their dioceses. Hermann and Heinrich , Margraves of Baden, claimed all of their niece Gertrud's family property for themselves. On November 2nd, 1226, they donated this property to the Bishop of Strasbourg.

The Count von Leiningen, brother of Gertrud's deceased third husband, had seized the Dagsburg and was not willing to give it back. Berthold immediately declared war on him and occupied the Bernstein castles near Dambach and Girbaden . Bishop Berthold also had to fight for three years against Count von Pfirt, who had appropriated Egisheim and was supported by Egino I of Freiburg and several cities. With the help of Count Albrecht von Habsburg, Berthold forced his enemies to flee near Blodelsheim in 1228 . When Emperor Friedrich II. From Pope Gregory IX. was banned, he was on the papal side. In 1234 he supported Henry VII in the fight against his father Emperor Friedrich II, with whom he was reconciled in 1236. Since 1238 in connection with the papal envoy Albert Behaim he resumed the conflict with the Hohenstaufen, but died on October 9, 1244 before he could achieve greater success.

Heinrich revolted against his father in 1235 and the entire Rhine region from Basel to Cologne joined the rebellious son, including the bishop of Strasbourg. However, the Margrave of Baden defeated the rebellious king's army. Heinrich was captured and died in captivity in Sicily.

Friedrich II. Had his nine-year-old son, Conrad IV. , Elected as German king in Speyer and at the same time gave him the Duchy of Swabia and Alsace. In order to punish the Bishop of Strasbourg for helping Heinrich, he withdrew the title of Count and placed the city under the direct jurisdiction of the Emperor. Thus, the way to the free imperial city of Strasbourg was paved. At the same time, Bishop Berthold began to found the episcopal landgraviate, since on May 14, 1232 he received the possessions of Landgrave Heinrich von Wert as a gift, with the proviso, however, that these should remain as diocesan fiefs of the family of value.

Hartman the Old, Count of Kyburg, also intended to become a vassal of the diocese of Strasbourg. Because he was childless, he gave his goods to the diocese and took them back as a fief in 1244. He later regretted having done so when his niece Heilwig married Count Albert von Habsburg, father of an emperor.

Foundations of monasteries

Former barefoot square , famous Kleberplatz in Strasbourg today
Dominican church today

Berthold von Teck promoted the establishment of monasteries, especially the mendicant orders . In 1230, eight years after their arrival in the episcopal city, the Franciscans built a monastery at Paradeplatz or Kleberplatz, which for centuries was called Barefoot Square because of the Franciscans who went barefoot. Under his administration, the Dominicans first came to Strasbourg and built a small house in front of the city walls. At first, the Dominicans had to make do with a convent on the outskirts of Strasbourg and could only gradually approach the city center. They founded a monastery near the main markets in 1254, under the government of Berthold's successors. In 1237, Pope Gregory IX commissioned the Strasbourg Dominicans to fight heresy throughout Germany. In Strasbourg, supporters of the views of Innocence III. Condemned Ortlieb and the Waldensians gained considerable influence. In 1240 a monastery was built in green Wörth. The warlike intervention of the bishop in the struggles of the central Rhine valley did little contrary to public opinion and the customs of the time. His grave in the St. Andrew's Chapel of the Strasbourg Cathedral was visited by sick people who felt strengthened or healed by miraculous influences.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dieter Mertens, The Prince. Medieval Realities and Ideas , Cologne, 1998, p. 71: around 1190 there were 92 ecclesiastical and 22 secular imperial princes, among them the Bishop of Strasbourg
  2. ^ Ernst Schubert: Reichsfürst . In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, VII, p. 617f.
  3. ^ A b Francis Rapp: Le Diocèse de Strasbourg. Editions Beauchesne, 1 janv. 1982 - 352 pages, p. 52, subsection "Les Mendiants": Les Cordeliers arrivèrent une première fois à Strasbourg en 1222 et s'y fixèrent définitivement 8 ans plus tard. Les Dominicains arrivèrent à peu près au même moment. Il fallut attendre 1265 pour voir arriver les Ermites de Saint-Augustin. Les Carmes seront les bons derniers en créant leur couvent en 1316.
  4. ↑ p. 51
predecessor Office successor
Heinrich II of Veringen Bishop of Strasbourg
1223–1244 		Henry III. from Stahleck
personal data
SURNAME Berthold I. von Teck
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Berthold von Teck
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Strasbourg
DATE OF BIRTH around 1200
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1244