Gebhard von Urach

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms

Gebhard von Urach (* in the 11th century; † January 11, 1141 ) was between 1131 and 1141 Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg under the rule of Emperor Lothar III. and King Konrad III. , the pontificate of Innocent II and the patronage of the metropolitan Adalbert I of Saarbrücken and Adalbert II of Saarbrücken .

Live and act

A Swabian aristocratic origin

Family tree Urach-Freiburg-Fürstenberg

Gebhard von Urach was the son of Egino II (1091–1105), Count in the Swiggerstal (Ermstal) and Kunigunde, Countess of Rheinfelden. He was the brother of Egino III. the younger, Udalhild (founder of the St. Nicholas Monastery) and Alberada and the nephew of the Bishop of Speyer, Gebhard , and Kuno von Praeneste . His grandfather was Egino I. von Dettingen, the elder , Count of Achalm and Urach . A sideline of the Urach flows into the Fürstenberg dynasty .

A secular and Guelph belligerent bishop

Because the later Emperor Lothar III. favored the appointment of Gebhard von Urach as bishop of Strasbourg, the latter felt obliged to defend the interests and politics of the emperor. He came into conflict with the Duke of Swabia and Alsace , Frederick II the One-Eyed, the Ghibelline opponent of Lothar, Duke of Saxony, in the line of succession to Henry V.

Rosheim, Romanesque house

The armies of the Strasbourg bishop and the Swabian duke clashed in 1131 near Gougenheim in Kochersberg, Alsace . Gebhard von Urach triumphed over the stronger Frederick the One-Eyed and seized several castles of the Duke of Swabia.

The disputes were not settled, because a year later Gebhard von Urach took the imperial city of the ten- city union of Rosheim . A large part of the city was burned, including both parish churches, the Lower and Upper Churches. In 1136 the Duke of Swabia suffered a new defeat against his Strasbourg opponent in the Battle of Dunzenheim . The tensions between the diocese of Strasbourg and the Hohenstaufen settled when Conrad III. was crowned king. In 1139 Konrad III visited Alsace, stayed in the imperial city of Weißenburg and from there came to Strasbourg in May 1139, where numerous princes and prelates wanted to pay him a visit. The king returned to Alsace in 1140 and resided in Molsheim .

Administration Gebhards

In 1137 Gebhard von Urach consecrated the church of the nunnery in Sindelsberg near the Benedictine monastery of Marmoutier in honor of the Blessed Virgin and St. Blaise. The nunnery was founded in 1115 by Richwin, the abbot of the time-honored Neuweiler monastery. In 1137 some of the canons left the Bruderhof and turned away from community life. They each moved into their own apartment in the city. Parallel to the increased emancipation of the Strasbourg citizens through the document of January 20, 1129 at the request of Emperor Lothar III. , the Strasbourg canons formed the Grand Chapitre, which consisted of 24 nobles. The canons became increasingly secular, so that some no longer received spiritual consecration. Prebendars fulfilled their functions and for this purpose formed the high choir (grand coeur). The number of prebendaries rose from 9 to 63 and was finally reduced to 20. The oldest document in which the prebendaries are mentioned is from 1231. As beneficiaries they had the same rights and privileges as the usual canons of the collegiate Saint Thomas or Saint Peter. The high choir exercised sovereignty rights in the following places: Gambsheim, Wantzenau, Honau, Abretzheim, Killstett, Bettnhofen, Reichstett, Suffelweyersheim.

In 1140 the Strasbourg cathedral caught fire due to a lightning strike, which led to the loss of all charts and documents. It is said to have hurt Gebhard von Urach very much. The minster had burned five times within 150 years. In 1176 only the crypt and the choir remained. In 1180 the new construction of the cathedral began without a wooden ceiling and with stone vaults on the basis of the basilica, which Bishop Werner I of Habsburg had built at the beginning of the 11th century.

literature

  • Ludwig Gabriel Glöckler: History of the diocese of Strasbourg . Printed by Le Roux, Strasbourg 1879, 484 pages
  • Henry Riegert: Le journal historique de l'Alsace . tome 1. 4ème édition. Editions L'Alsace, Mulhouse 1980, 1995, 120 pages.
  • Francis Rapp: Le Diocèse de Strasbourg . Editions Beauchesne, January 1, 1982 -, Collection Histoire des diocèses de France , number 14, 352 pages
  • Werner von Achalm . In: Base numérique du patrimoine d'Alsace (BNPA), Histoire de Strasbourg, Center régional et départemental de pédagogie (CRDP); accessed on July 27, 2014
  • Strasbourg: la ville au Moyen Age (Alsace) . Chapter 2, Le Moyen Age: la ville épiscopale 1002–1334 , chap. 2.1 La ville sous l'épiscopat de Wernher - chap. 2.2. Strasbourg et la querelle des investitures . (French) Retrieved July 28, 2014

Remarks

  1. ↑ Quotation: “A l'origine, la paroisse de Rosheim est formée de deux églises bien connues à partir du XIè: la Niederkirch, dédiée aux Saints Pierre et Paul, et l'Oberkirch s'honorant du vocable de Saint-Etienne. En 1051 l'église inférieure est possession de l'abbaye des moniales de Hesse. En 1132 les paroisses sont détruites au cours de la lutte entre Frédéric de Souabe et l'évêque Gebhard de Strasbourg. A la suite d'un l'incendie, l'église Saints-Pierre-et-Paul est reconstruite, mais seuls les murs de l'ancienne chapelle de la Vierge remontent à cette époque. En 1137 Saint-Etienne est agrandi, et vers 1150 s'ouvre le nouveau chantier des Saints-Pierre-et-Paul ». From: Base numérique du patrimoine d'Alsace . CNDP-CRDP, académie de Strasbourg, accessed September 30, 2014.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Glöckler, p. 192
  2. ↑ Riegert, p. 89
  3. ↑ Riegert, p. 95


personal data
SURNAME Gebhard von Urach
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Strasbourg
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century
DATE OF DEATH January 11, 1141