Rudolf von Rothweil

Rudolf von Rothweil was Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg , actually a bishop , from 1162 to 1179 under the rule of Emperor Friedrich I , the pontificate of Alexander III. and the patronage of the Mainz Metropolitans Konrad I. von Wittelsbach and Christian I. von Buch .

Origin and family

At a meeting in Burgundy with King Louis VII of France regarding the papal schism, Emperor Friedrich I learned that Burchard von Michelbach , the bishop of Strasbourg who was devoted to him, had died. Because of his power over political events in his home region, he had his court chaplain, Rudolf, canon in the cathedral of Strasbourg and provost of Saint Thomas , elected bishop.

Rudolf came from the long-established Alsatian von Rothweil family, which went out in the 16th century. In a donation from Count Hugo von Dagsburg to the Baumgarten monastery , which Bishop Rudolf certified, a Bernhard von Rotenwill is mentioned, who is a blood relative (Consanguineus) of Rudolf. The noble Mr. Bernhard von Rotenwill, who was buried in the abovementioned monastery, and his nephew Anihel von Andlau, the first documented progenitor (Primus hujus familiae) of the regionally influential noble family von Andlau with the first name Andelo or Anihel, were servants of the Counts of Dagsburg , the Habsburgs and the Zähringen family. All probably name themselves after the small nobility from Rotweil im Breisgau.

Live and act

A schismatic bishop

Since this bishop owed his election to the favor of the emperor, he sided with the antipope Viktor IV, willy-nilly, and thus belonged to the schismatic bishops of the Strasbourg diocese in purely ecclesiastical terms. Nevertheless, Rudolf received the episcopal ordination not from Viktor IV., Who died on April 22nd, 1164, but from his also schismatic successor, the antipope Paschal III. on a military train from Friedrich Barbarossa to Italy. Paschal III. became known, among other things, that he contrary to the opinion of the rightful Pope Alexander III. and the previous pontiffs canonized at the request of the Hohenstaufen monarch Charlemagne .

In fact, Frederick crossed the Alps in 1166 to support the illegally appointed Pope. To intimidate him, he seized the port city of Ancona and forced Rome to surrender on July 24, 1167. Pope Alexander III fled to Benevento . Paschal III. was enthroned by the emperor on July 30, 1167. The new Pope was able to put the crown on the emperor and his wife again on August 1, 1167 and consecrate Bishop Burchard, who was in the emperor's entourage. The plague broke out among the troops; Friedrich von Rothenburg , Duke of Swabia and Alsace, died among others of it on August 19, so that the emperor and his entourage no longer hesitated to leave Italy.

On September 20, 1168 Paschal III died. and was by Johann, Abbot of Strom, under the name Calixt III. replaced. Kaiser Friedrich supported this choice and consciously maintained the schism. On May 26, 1174 he gathered the imperial estates in Regensburg and asked them to help him subjugate Italy.

The siege of Alexandria failed in 1175, and on June 4, 1176 both warring parties met at Legnano . Friedrich suffered a complete defeat. The proud emperor had to face the courageous and true Pope Alexander III. bow. This Pope, who had had his domicile in Venice since May 9, 1177 , received the emperor there on July 24 and released him from excommunication. It is questionable whether the Holy Father awarded Rudolf von Rothweil and recognized his episcopal title at the same time. Because the Pope opened the 3rd Lateran Council on March 5, 1179 in order to bring order to the abuses within the clergy and their hierarchy. Several prelates, including the bishops of Strasbourg, Basel and Metz, were deposed as intruders. The regests of the Strasbourg bishops mention for July 24th, 1177 that Rudolf renounced his obedience in Venice and went to Pope Alexander III. subject. In addition, a two-thirds majority of the cardinals for the papal election was determined at the council .

As a result, Rudolf von Rothweil headed the Strasbourg diocese for 17 years more or less in the service of the emperor and not in the interests of the church. Rudolf took over his office without the consent of a legally elected Pope, as he was from the antipope Paschal III. was consecrated. Thus Rudolf remained an elect for his entire term of office . Alexander III deposed him and the bishops of Metz and Basel in April 1179.

Territorial protection of the diocese

The diocese of Strasbourg, like its immediate neighbors Metz and Basel , was able to gradually stabilize and partially expand territorially, despite the increasing independence of the townspeople and guilds. This resulted in a necessary security and fortification policy. In the 1170s, the emperor, who saw himself as an electoral resident of Hagenau in his royal seat in Alsace-Lorraine, advised the bishop to use Hohbarr Castle for strategic and defensive purposes above the Zorn Valley, the then trade and communication axis between Lorraine and Alsace , also France and Germany. The rocky mountain, which was chosen as the ideal location at the gateway to Alsace or the diocese, was part of the Maursmünster imperial abbey in the immediate vicinity. Rudolf compensated the abbey with the approval of the Bishop of Metz, under whose jurisdiction the abbey was located, with 30 fields in the more fertile Gingsheimer Bann a few kilometers further east.

Witness for documents from Friedrich I.

Elekt or Bishop Rudolf appears as a witness in the following matters:

On July 8, 1163, when Emperor Friedrich I took the Maursmünster Monastery under his protection at the request of Bishop von Metz Theodoric.
On November 1, 1164 in Ulm , when Emperor Friedrich I confirmed the Weissenau monastery in his possession.
On January 30, 1164 in Strasbourg in a deed in favor of Archbishop Heribert von Besançon.
On April 23, 1167 at Rimini in a document from Friedrich I in favor of the Margrave Heinrich von Tuscien.
On August 1, 1167 in Rome , when Friedrich I gave the imperial courts of Andernach and Eckenhagen to Archbishop Reinald of Cologne .
In August 1167 in Pisa , when Frederick I confirmed the monastery of Santa Maria de Serena in his possession.
On July 2, 1173 in Speyer, when Friedrich I allowed the Mainz clergy to freely dispose of their property.
1176 during the exchange between the provost Jordanis von Leberau and the mayor Burchard von Hagenau.
On July 20, 1177 in Brondolo near Chioggia , when Frederick I confirmed the cathedral chapter of Aquileja in his possession.

literature

Ludwig Gabriel Glöckler: History of the diocese of Strasbourg. Printed by Le Roux, Strasbourg 1879, 484 pages
Henry Riegert: Le journal historique de l'Alsace. Editions L'ALSACE, Mulhouse 1980, tome 1, 4ème édition, 1995, 120 pages.
Francis Rapp: Le Diocèse de Strasbourg. Editions Beauchesne, January 1, 1982 - 352 pages, "Histoire des diocèses de France" collection, number 14
Base numérique du patrimoine d'Alsace (BNPA), Histoire de Strasbourg, Center régional et départemental de pédagogie (CRDP).

Individual evidence

↑ Regest No. 595, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bischöfe von Straßburg, published by the Commission for the Editing of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "the Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Era", publishing house of the Wagner University and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908.
↑ It is mentioned in the confirmation document from 1171. Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, Vol. 3–4, Joh. Godfr. Müllerische Buchhandlung, 1788, page 84
↑ Stephan Alexander Würdtwein, Nova Subsidia Diplomatica Ad Selecta Iuris Ecclesiastici Germaniae Et Historiarum Capita Elucidanda: Ex Originalibvs Et Authenticis Documentis Congesta, Notis Hinc Inde Necessariis Illustrata Et Edita. Comprehensa Indicibus Chronologico-Diplomatico, Topographico, Personarum, Rerum Et Verborum Locupletissimis Instructa, Vol. 14, Google Book, Goebhardt, 1792 - 836 pages, p. 415
↑ It is found indirectly through Article 21 of the Agnina Treaty on October 21, 1176, “ episcopis qui ordinati fuerunt a Guidone Cremensi ”, Regest No. 591, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bishops of Strasbourg, published by the Commission for Publication of the Alsatian historical sources, part 1, "the annals of the Alsatian Staufer period", publishing house of the Wagner university and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908, p. 345
^ RI IV, 2.2 n. 1511, in: Regesta Imperii Online , accessed on October 23, 2014
↑ Friedrich enthrones Pope Paschal III. after a previous solemn reception by the army in St. Peter. The Pope celebrates Mass and crowns the Emperor (Cont. Anonymi). RI IV, 2.2 n.1688, in: Regesta Imperii Online , accessed October 23, 2014
↑ Regest No. 594, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bischöfe von Straßburg, published by the Commission for the Editing of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "the Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Era", publishing house of the Wagner University and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908.
↑ “ Qui depositi fuerunt ”, Regest No. 597, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bischöfe von Straßburg, published by the Commission for the Editing of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "the Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Period", publishing house of the Wagner University and bookstore . Innsbruck, 1908, and the sources of the Marbacher Annalen and the Basler Chroniken, which are cited by Regest 597
↑ Glöckler, p. 208
^ Regest 578 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908
^ Regest 579 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bischöfe, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908, and Württembergische Urkunden, Volume II, 147, Nr. 381
^ Regest 580 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908
^ Regest 582 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908
^ Regest 584 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908
^ Regest 585 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908
^ Regest 588 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908
^ Regest 599 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908
^ Regest 600 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

Remarks

↑ At the request of the emperor (Chron. Magni presb. Reichersperg.) Paschalis consecrated 15 elects to patriarchs, archbishops, bishops and abbots, including Archbishop Heribert von Besançon and Abbot Hermann von Fulda and (probably) the bishops Ludwig von Basel and Rudolf von Strasbourg
↑ In the autumn of 1166 in Lodi, Frederick I confirmed Pope Paschal III with the assistance of his Chancellor Christian. - RI IV, 2.2 n.1601, in: Regesta Imperii Online , accessed October 23, 2014
↑ He already had that with Paschal III. done because he had committed in 1165 to Paschal against Alexander III. to support - RI IV, 2.2 n.1475, in: Regesta Imperii Online , accessed October 23, 2014
↑ Named “ Argentinensis electus ” in Regest no. 579 or 580, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bischöfe von Straßburg, published by the Commission for the Editing of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "the Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Era", publisher of the wagnerschen University and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908.
↑ Named "Borra", the exchange of lands is described in Regest No. 586, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bishops of Strasbourg, published by the Commission for the Publication of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "The Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Period", Publishing house of the Wagner University and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908.

personal data
SURNAME	Rudolf von Rothweil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Rudolf of Strasbourg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Bishop of Strasbourg
DATE OF BIRTH	12th Century
DATE OF DEATH	1179

[1] Regest No. 595, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bischöfe von Straßburg, published by the Commission for the Editing of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "the Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Era", publishing house of the Wagner University and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908.

[2] It is mentioned in the confirmation document from 1171. Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, Vol. 3–4, Joh. Godfr. Müllerische Buchhandlung, 1788, page 84

[3] Stephan Alexander Würdtwein, Nova Subsidia Diplomatica Ad Selecta Iuris Ecclesiastici Germaniae Et Historiarum Capita Elucidanda: Ex Originalibvs Et Authenticis Documentis Congesta, Notis Hinc Inde Necessariis Illustrata Et Edita. Comprehensa Indicibus Chronologico-Diplomatico, Topographico, Personarum, Rerum Et Verborum Locupletissimis Instructa, Vol. 14, Google Book, Goebhardt, 1792 - 836 pages, p. 415

[4] It is found indirectly through Article 21 of the Agnina Treaty on October 21, 1176, “ episcopis qui ordinati fuerunt a Guidone Cremensi ”, Regest No. 591, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bishops of Strasbourg, published by the Commission for Publication of the Alsatian historical sources, part 1, "the annals of the Alsatian Staufer period", publishing house of the Wagner university and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908, p. 345

[5] RI IV, 2.2 n. 1511, in: Regesta Imperii Online , accessed on October 23, 2014

[6] Friedrich enthrones Pope Paschal III. after a previous solemn reception by the army in St. Peter. The Pope celebrates Mass and crowns the Emperor (Cont. Anonymi). RI IV, 2.2 n.1688, in: Regesta Imperii Online , accessed October 23, 2014

[10] Regest No. 594, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bischöfe von Straßburg, published by the Commission for the Editing of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "the Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Era", publishing house of the Wagner University and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908.

[12] “ Qui depositi fuerunt ”, Regest No. 597, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bischöfe von Straßburg, published by the Commission for the Editing of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "the Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Period", publishing house of the Wagner University and bookstore . Innsbruck, 1908, and the sources of the Marbacher Annalen and the Basler Chroniken, which are cited by Regest 597

[14] Glöckler, p. 208

[15] Regest 578 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

[16] Regest 579 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bischöfe, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908, and Württembergische Urkunden, Volume II, 147, Nr. 381

[17] Regest 580 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

[18] Regest 582 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

[19] Regest 584 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

[20] Regest 585 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

[21] Regest 588 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

[22] Regest 599 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

[23] Regest 600 in: Hermann Bloch, Elsässische Annalen zu den Regesten der Straßburger Bishops, Stauferzeit, Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908

[7] At the request of the emperor (Chron. Magni presb. Reichersperg.) Paschalis consecrated 15 elects to patriarchs, archbishops, bishops and abbots, including Archbishop Heribert von Besançon and Abbot Hermann von Fulda and (probably) the bishops Ludwig von Basel and Rudolf von Strasbourg

[8] In the autumn of 1166 in Lodi, Frederick I confirmed Pope Paschal III with the assistance of his Chancellor Christian. - RI IV, 2.2 n.1601, in: Regesta Imperii Online , accessed October 23, 2014

[9] He already had that with Paschal III. done because he had committed in 1165 to Paschal against Alexander III. to support - RI IV, 2.2 n.1475, in: Regesta Imperii Online , accessed October 23, 2014

[11] Named “ Argentinensis electus ” in Regest no. 579 or 580, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bischöfe von Straßburg, published by the Commission for the Editing of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "the Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Era", publisher of the wagnerschen University and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908.

[13] Named "Borra", the exchange of lands is described in Regest No. 586, in: Hermann Bloch, Regesten der Bishops of Strasbourg, published by the Commission for the Publication of Alsatian Historical Sources, Part 1, "The Annals of the Alsatian Staufer Period", Publishing house of the Wagner University and bookstore. Innsbruck, 1908.