Christian I. of book

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Christian I. Graf von Buch (also Christian von Mainz , * around 1130; † 23 August 1183 in Tusculum ) was twice Archbishop of Mainz and Arch Chancellor of the Roman-German Empire .

Christian I came from the noble noble families of von Buch and von Beichlingen . The supporter of his career as a prince of the church was above all the Landgrave of Thuringia Ludwig II , who helped him to the position of cathedral priest of Merseburg and provost of the provost of Mariagreden in Mainz .

In 1160, citizens of Mainz murdered their Archbishop Arnold von Selenhofen because of a tax dispute . The due election of a bishop led to a split, as part of the rebels forced the city clergy to elect the noble Rudolf von Zähringen as the new archbishop. Since the interdict had been imposed on the city because of the bishop's murder , some clerics and lay people had moved to Frankfurt , where they elected Christian von Buch as the new archbishop at the end of October 1160.

However, Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa did not recognize either of the two candidates and, at the Council of Lodi, had Pope Viktor IV deposed both archbishops . Instead, on June 20, 1161, Conrad I von Wittelsbach was lifted to the chair in Mainz.

Christian became provost at Mainz Cathedral and provost of St. Servatius in Maastricht in 1162 . Christian accompanied Friedrich Barbarossa in 1163 on his third expedition to Italy (1163). As Archbishop Konrad von Mainz, Paschal III, who was proclaimed antipope by the imperial party . Not recognized, Barbarossa had Christian von Buch appointed as the new Archbishop of Mainz in absentia in September 1165 and invested in Brixen at Christmas 1166 , which was immediately accepted in the empire, but not by Pope Alexander III .

1167 Christian also took part in the fourth Italian campaign, in which the Emperor Paschalis III. wanted to enforce violently as Pope in Rome. During the procession, Christian was ordained a priest on March 4, 1167 and a day later a bishop. Christian von Buch horrified the Cologne metropolitan Rainald von Dassel , prepared a defeat for the superior Roman army on February 27, 1167, in order to defeat the papal troops with their army on May 29, 1167 in the battle of Tusculum . Both fought in the front line of battle. Christian circumvented the canonical prohibition on clerics from wielding the sword by striking at the enemy with a powerful club. Friedrich and Paschalis entered Rome victoriously. A short time later , a malaria epidemic brought down 2,000 knights, including Rainald von Dassel. Christian I became his successor as Imperial Arch Chancellor.

Christian I was primarily an imperial politician. In the 18 years of his tenure, he only stayed twice briefly in his archdiocese. Political affairs took him to his archbishopric for the first time at the end of 1167, as Emperor Friedrich I had to return to his empire because of the anti-Staufer efforts of the Lombard city union . Christian I subsequently mediated between the emperor and Henry the Lion and in 1168 in Rouen between the English and French kings. He also tried to resolve the ongoing schism that led him to Greece . The letter of the priest-king John is therefore also attributed to Christian or to his immediate surroundings.

As a talented military leader, Christian led arms against the imperial opposition in northern Italy. In 1177 he defeated a Norman army near Carsoli, east of Rome. But he also recognized that the conflict with the Pope could not be won militarily and played a decisive role in preparing the Peace of Venice in 1177 between the Emperor and Pope Alexander III. in front. Although Christian von Buch is one of the most powerful opponents of Alexander III. was, recognized Alexander III. his submission, honored his services to the reconciliation between Emperor and Pope and renounced the reinstatement of the devoted Konrad as the rightful Archbishop of Mainz. Christian von Buch received the pallium .

In March 1179 he took part in the 3rd Lateran Council , in the same year he was imprisoned by papal opponents for 15 months on a campaign to restore papal order in the papal state. After his release in 1181 he came at the request of Pope Lucius III. , as whose patron he acted, the besieged city of Tusculum to the aid, which he was able to liberate in 1183. There he died of mala fever on August 23, 1183 and was buried there. The Pope ordered a month of mourning for the deceased. After his death became known, Konrad I von Wittelsbach again made his claims to the Archdiocese of Mainz.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Needy, Friedemann : Die Staufer , Darmstadt, 2006, ISBN 3-89678-288-6 , p. 38f
  2. ↑ a b Needy, Friedemann: Die Staufer , Darmstadt, 2006, ISBN 3-89678-288-6 , p. 39
  3. ↑ Johannes Spörl in The High Time of the Medieval Empire , White Papers , August 1941
predecessor Office successor
Rudolf von Zähringen Archbishop of Mainz
1160–1161 		Conrad I of Wittelsbach
Conrad I of Wittelsbach Archbishop of Mainz
1165–1183 		Conrad I of Wittelsbach
personal data
SURNAME Christian I. of book
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Christian I of Mainz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Mainz, Imperial Arch Chancellor
DATE OF BIRTH around 1130
DATE OF DEATH August 23, 1183
Place of death Tusculum