White leaves

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White leaves

description Monthly for history, tradition and the state
language German
publishing company Carl Krüger (Germany)
First edition 1934
attitude 1943
Frequency of publication First monthly, later quarterly
Sold edition Less than 2,000 copies
Front page of the White Papers, September 1938 issue

White leaves was the name of a German monarchist magazine with the subtitle monthly for history, tradition and state , which appeared from May 1934 to March 1943. Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg published them in Bad Neustadt an der Saale . He developed and aligned the newspaper in such a way that, if necessary , he could represent it as the editor-in-chief and still protect it from the standardization of the entire social and political life intended by the conformity . It was printed by Carl Krüger in Mylau, Saxony .

history

Weißes Blätter was the successor magazine to Die Monarchie - magazine for German tradition , which was also published by zu Guttenberg from 1932 to 1934. The Saxon interior minister had banned this magazine because in the January 1934 issue it featured a tribute to Kaiser Wilhelm II on the occasion of his 75th birthday. The main concern of the White Papers was to keep the idea of ​​the monarchy alive, to promote it as the only possible form of government for the Germans, but also to bring about a reconciliation between the two major denominations in Germany. Guttenberg, the Bavarian federalist but by no means a separatist , turned against the centralism of the Weimar Republic , later the National Socialists , and referred to what he thought was a more appropriate concept of the Bismarck Empire . Historical treatises on the Treaty of Versailles and the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in Spa took up a certain amount of space in the White Papers' treatises .

Historical articles and stories, book reviews and political news compiled in so-called "mosaics" shaped the White Papers. The magazine renounced any form of polemic. "The 'White Pages' were concerned with intellectual resistance 'between the lines'."

In view of the only soft criticism, it is necessary to take a closer look to understand why the magazine was counted as resistance literature after the Second World War . One problem with this is that the Greater German ideas found in some articles were also used by the National Socialists. The difference lay in the way these ideas were expressed. A clear demarcation took place where the rule of law and Christian faith were invoked as Germanic heritage. National Socialism was recognized as a revolutionary movement, whose arbitrariness was “indirect, often historically disguised criticism”. The crown is a symbol of the desired ideal image of the state.

When it came to historical topics, the White Pages were shaped by Leopold von Ranke , whose work was used and upheld when it came to opposing the “combative historiography” propagated by Nazi historians like Walter Frank .

The permanent staff included besides zu Guttenberg the head of the Hohenzoller house archive Kurt Jagow , the historian Anton Ritthaler , as well as his private secretary Maria Schmitt as editorial secretary.

Zu Guttenberg has been able to attract authors such as Werner Bergengruen , Jochen Klepper , Harald von Koenigswald , Otto Heuschele , Hans Rall , Paul Fechter , Hans Eberhard Friedrich and Reinhold Schneider . Resistance representatives such as Ulrich von Hassell and Klaus Bonhoeffer also wrote in the Weißes Blätter, whose readership initially consisted of subscribers to the monarchy and the Deutsche Treue (Ed. Carl Krüger, Mylau), which was also forbidden in 1934 . In 1935 there were readers of the Deutsche Zukunft , co-founded by Fritz Klein , which had ceased its publication with the death of its editor Julius Bierbach. In 1939, the readers of Pastor Gottfried Traub's forbidden Iron Papers were advertised for orders. The plan to take over the subscribers to Max Buchner's Yellow Booklet after his death did not materialize. After the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, the Weisse Blätter appeared only quarterly and, like many similar magazines, ceased publication in 1943 due to a lack of paper due to the war.

meaning

The monthly was used to establish connections and to network the "German opposition against Hitler" ( Hans Rothfels ). So Guttenberg was able to mediate the first contact between Carl Goerdeler and the diplomat Ulrich von Hassell in August 1939 .

Another, very vivid example of the connections that came about is the title page of the April 1940 issue. Instead of the usual "White Pages" lettering, a facsimile of the motto of the former Reichsbank President Hjalmar Schacht was printed with his signature. Schacht is said to have urgently asked that his motto be printed there with full attribution. With this he wanted to win trust among the readership of this monthly magazine, from whom one could at least expect moral support for any acts of resistance.

swell

literature

  • Maria Theodora Baroness von dem Bottlenberg -Landsberg: Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg. 1902-1945. A picture of life . Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931836-94-0 .
  • Christoph Studt: “Servant of the State” or “Resistance Between the Lines”? The role of the press in the 'Third Reich' . XVIII. Königswinterer conference February 2005. Lit, Berlin 2007 (series of publications of the research community July 20, vol. 8).
  • Maria Theodora Freifrau von dem Bottlenberg-Landsberg: Silent tuners - magazines of the "Inner Emigration" . In Frank-Lothar Kroll , Rüdiger von Voss (Ed.): Writers and Resistance. Facets and Problems of Inner Emigration . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8353-1042-1 , pp. 185-214.
  • Maria Theodora Freifrau von dem Bottlenberg-Landsberg: The white sheets. A conservative magazine in and against National Socialism . Preface: Johannes Tuchel . Writings of the German Resistance Memorial Center, Series A Volume 6. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2012 ( books.google.de ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Bottlenberg 2003 , pp. 81–116.
  2. ↑ Ekkehard Klausa: About this issue . In: Maria Theodora Freifrau von dem Bottlenberg-Landsberg: The "white sheets" of Karl-Ludwig Freiherrn von und zu Guttenberg. On the history of a journal of monarchist-religious opposition to National Socialism 1934–1943 . Berlin 1990 ( Contributions to the resistance 1933–1945 . Ed. By the German Resistance Memorial Center, issue 41 (PDF; 2.65 MB); by the daughter of the Weisse Blätter editor), p. 3 f.
  3. ↑ The term " government of the national revolution " was the self-designation of the Nazi regime.
  4. ↑ See the collection of quotations Wisdom of the Historian and the book review by Elisabeth Schwenzel about Aus Ranke's world of thought in the May / June / July 1942 edition.
  5. ↑ See the leading article Limits and Powers of the Study of History ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. by Anton Ritthaler and the reprint Voices and Judgments: Spirit and History from the Iron Leaves in the April 1935 edition on Walter Frank's attacks against Hermann Oncken . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.monarchieforum.org
  6. ↑ See e.g. B. On the intellectual nobility and nobility of the spirit by Otto Heuschele in the April 1940 edition.
  7. ↑ Maria Theodora Baroness von dem Bottlenberg-Landsberg: Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2003, pp. 84–85.