Frederick IV (Swabia)

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Friedrich IV. Excerpt from the family table of the Ottonians in a manuscript of the Chronica Sancti Pantaleonis from the early 13th century (Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Cod. Guelf. 74.3 Aug. 2 °, pag. 226).
Grave plaque of Friedrich IV. In the monastery church Ebrach

Friedrich IV , known as Friedrich von Rothenburg , (* late 1144/1145; † 19 August 1167 in Rome ), was Duke of Swabia from 1152 to 1167 .

Friedrich was the son of the Roman king Konrad III. and Gertrud von Sulzbach and named himself after his property around the Rothenburg in Middle Franconia "Dux de Rothenburg". Since he was still a minor at the time of his father's death (1152) and his cousin of the same name Friedrich I ("Barbarossa") had secured rule for himself in the run-up to the king's election through thorough negotiations with his voters, Friedrich did not become Friedrich after his father's death , but Barbarossa was elected king of Rome. He set him up as Duke of Swabia in 1152 and administered this duchy as a guardian. Friedrich von Rothenburg is listed as "Friedrich IV." As Duke of Swabia. In addition, the Egerland was given to him .

1157 he received the accolade. He then took part in the battles of Barbarossa in Italy. 1165 he intensified the Hohenstaufen - Guelph contrast because of its support of the Count Palatine of Tübingen in the feud against Guelph. In 1166, Barbarossa was able to settle this conflict at the Hoftag in Ulm - among other things by marrying Friedrich IV with Gertrud (* probably 1154; † June 1, 1197), the twelve-year-old daughter of the Welf Heinrich the Lion , Duke of Bavaria and Saxony .

In 1167 Frederick IV moved to Italy with the imperial army under the leadership of Barbarossa. A large part of the army there fell ill with an epidemic, probably bacterial dysentery, in August 1167 . On August 19, 1167, Friedrich IV died as a result of his illness. He was not buried in the Premonstratensian monastery he founded in Schäftersheim , but in the Cistercian monastery in Ebrach , where his grave has been walled up in the southern niche behind the choir altar of the abbey church since 1650. To the left of this is the grave of his mother Gertrud von Sulzbach . His gisant comes from the 17th century, his mother's from the early 16th century.

Friedrich's short marriage to the minor Gertrud remained childless, after his death Barbarossa gave Swabia to his eldest son Friedrich V. Gertrud married in 1177, now grown up, a second time, the later (1182) Danish king Knut VI. († April 12, 1202). Gertrud died on July 1, 1197 and was buried in Vä . This place is in Skåne , a historic province in southern Sweden that belonged to Denmark until the 17th century.

Friedrich was the last remaining son of King Konrad III. With him, this Staufer branch line died out and its inheritance fell to Konrad's nephew, Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa . In 1167 he appointed his oldest son, who was only three years old at the time, as Duke Friedrich V of Swabia .

literature

Remarks

  1. ^ Knut Görich: Friedrich Barbarossa. A biography. Munich 2011, p. 417.
  2. ↑ Markus Hörsch: The medieval sculptures in the Ebrach Abbey and their meanings. Interests and hierarchies in a church of the Holy Sepulcher , in: Achim Hubel (Hrsg.): New research on medieval building and art history in Franconia. Bamberg 2011, pp. 77-112, here: pp. 89-97. - See also: Peter Koblank: Staufer graves. Only a few of the most prominent Hohenstaufen are buried in Germany on stauferstelen.net. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  3. ^ Johannes CHR Steenstrup: Gertrud . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 6 : Gerson-H. Hansen . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1892, p. 10 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
predecessor Office successor
Friedrich III. Duke of Swabia
1152–1167 		Friedrich V.
personal data
SURNAME Friedrich IV.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedrich von Rothenburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Swabia
DATE OF BIRTH 1144 or 1145
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1167
Place of death Rome