Winter box

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Winter box
City of Lindenfels
Coat of arms from Winterkasten
Coordinates: 49 ° 42 ′ 26 "  N , 8 ° 46 ′ 54"  E
Height : 439 m above sea level NHN
Area : 6.35 km²
Residents : 690  (December 31, 2012)
Population density : 109 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 64678
Area code : 06255
Winter box seen from the Birkenberg
Winter box seen from the Birkenberg

Winterkasten is a district of Lindenfels in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Winterkasten is located in the Vorderen Odenwald north of the core town of Lindenfels on the upper reaches of the Mergbach , one of the two source brooks of the Gersprenz . The place is at the foot of the wooded Neunkircher Höhe (605 m), which rises in the northwest of the village. The district reaches its highest point at 590 meters on the elongated ridge of the Neunkircher Höhe near the Kaiserturm . To the north of this it extends to the vicinity of the radar tower with the parabolic antenna ( 592  m above sea level ) of the German Air Traffic Control (DFS) . The source of the Mergbach (formerly the Gersprenz source ) is also up here in the forest area of ​​Winterkasten. The Eleonorenklinik is located at the edge of the forest at an altitude of 490 meters. To the northeast of the Neunkircher Höhe, an extension of the district extends over the Germannshöhe to the western slope of the Rimdidim ( 498.5  m above sea level ). In the west, the district extends to the summit of the Raupenstein ( 545.3  m above sea level ) and in the southwest to the Buch ( 535.3  m above sea level ).

The closest localities are the core town of Lindenfels in the south, Winkel in the south-west, Kolmbach in the west, Neunkirchen in the north-west, Laudenau in the north-east, Klein-Gumpen in the east and Gumpen in the south-east.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The name Wintercasten or Winterchasto was used as early as 773 in the border description of the Mark Heppenheim , which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . However, this meant the Neunkircher Höhe and not the present-day Winterkasten.

The earliest known mention of the place Winterkasten comes from 1354, when Count Palatine Rupprecht I gave Heinrich von Rodenstein an estate to Winterkasten as a Lindenfels castle fief. In the 14th to 16th centuries, the Electoral Palatinate gave fiefs over Winterkasten and sovereign rights changed several times between the Lords of Rodenstein, the Ulners of Dieburg , the Counts of Katzenelnbogen , the taverns of Erbach and the Count Palatine. For the 17th century it is then handed down that under the rule of Erbach eight, the Rodensteiner nine and the Ulner seven residents lived. The administration was carried out by the Erbachisches Amt Reichenberg .

Jurisdiction was also given to fief several times by the Palatinate. Winterkasten belonged to the Reichelsheim center, whose lower court belonged to the Erbachers and Rodensteiners each. The manorial lordship was exercised for the Erbachische Hubengüter in Laudenau, while the Ulnerchengut together with Klein-Gumpen formed a lower court. It is documented for 1443 that Count Palatine Ludwig IV enfeoffed the donor Otto von Erbach with half the village, court, tithes , etc. In the 17th century, the Erbachische Zent Reichelsheim included the eight Erbachische and new Rothensteiner house-sitters, while the court zu Gumpen bei der Mühle was responsible for the seven Ulner-sitters . Georg Friedrich von Rodenstein died as the last male Rodensteiner in 1671. Parts of the inheritance initially fell to Johann Rudolf Victor Freiherr von Pretlack , whose descendants sold it to the Barons of Gemmingen-Hornberg in 1802 . Thus, the Rodensteiner rights to Winterkasten came to the barons of Gemmingen . In 1826 the Baroness of Gemmingen ceded the patrimonial jurisdiction to which she was entitled to the Grand Duchy of Hesse, which in 1828 handed it over to the Counts of Erbach-Erbach. The remaining prerogatives of the class were not abolished until 1848 after the March Revolution with the "Law on the Conditions of the Classes and Noble Court Lords".

From 1544 the Reformation was introduced in the entire county of Erbach and in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) Winterkasten, like the entire Odenwald, may have suffered badly.

The Count Palatinate also gave the tithes to Winterkasten as a fief. Here, too, the taverns of Erbach, the lords of Rodenstein and the districts of Lindenfels appear in the 14th and 15th centuries , with the latter having the tithe as an afterfief . For the 17th century it is handed down that the Ulner, Rodensteiner and Erbacher get the big and small tithe "as far as their goods go" and the pastor of Neunkirchen has 1/3 of the tithe.

Late 18th century belonged to Winterkasten gräflich erbachischen Office Reichenberg .

From the 19th century until today

Winterkasten becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) was reorganized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803. This last set of laws of the old empire implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and ushered in the end of the old empire. Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. The County of Erbach was mediated by the Rhine Federation Act and was largely incorporated into the newly founded Grand Duchy of Hesse, including the "Reichenberg Office". The office was initially retained as a civil office.

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that was added in 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1821/22, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Winterkasten joining the district of Erbach in 1822 . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. In view of the ownership structure, two district courts were created for the district council. The Freienstein Regional Court , based in Beerfelden, and the Michelstadt Regional Court , which also included Winterkasten. This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Laudenau was also responsible for Winterkasten. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical, topographical and historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Winterkasten in 1829:

“Winterkasten (L. Bez. Erbach) Lutheran Filialdorf; is 4 St. from Erbach in a very high valley, and belongs to the Count of Erbach-Erbach. The place has 60 houses and 480 inhabitants, the except 15 reform. are Lutheran. There are 3 grinding, 2 oil and 1 cutting mill. The area is usually covered with snow well into May. - The place appears in 773 in the Heppenheimer mark description, as well as in 1012 in the description of the Lorsch Wildbann in the Odenwald. It belonged partly to the Count of Erbach-Erbach and partly to the Baron von Gemmingen family. In 1826 the Baroness von Gemmingen ceded the patrimonial jurisdiction that had been granted to her to the state, and the latter again in 1828 to the Count of Erbach-Erbach. The latter part used to belong to the knightly canton of Odenwald. The whole thing was under Hess in 1806. Your Highness come. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and districts were created, although the districts with territorial lordship places, such as the district of Erbach, were left out. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

"Winter box b. Erbach. - village, for evangel. Parish Neunkirchen, resp. Catholic parish Lindenfels belonging. 60 H. 480 evangel. E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Erbach district council. - Michelstadt District Court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Winterkasten, located in a very high valley, belongs to the rulership of the Count of Erbach-Erbach. The place has 2 oil, 1 cutting and 3 grinding mills, and is not wrongly named, because the area is usually covered with snow until well into May. Incidentally, Winterkasten has only been part of the Grand Duchy since 1806. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", with Winterkasten coming to the administrative district of Erbach . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into circles and Winterkasten became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists for Winterkasten recorded in December 1852 : Two public buildings (school and town hall); 60 houses with 84 families and 570 souls, 561 of them were Lutheran, 6 were Reformed and 3 were Catholic. The population also included children with 125 boys and 130 girls and adults with 148 men and 167 women. The employment was given as 21 farmers, 25 tradesmen, 6 with both at the same time, 30 day laborers and 33 servants. The district consisted of 2358 acres , of which 1130 acres were arable land, 454 acres of meadows and 644 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the branch village Winterkasten with its own mayor's office, 64 houses, 513 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Protestant parish Neunkirchen of the Reinheim deanery and the Catholic parish Lindenfels of the Heppenheim deanery specified. The mayor's office in Winterkasten was also responsible for the Schleich residential area (5 houses, 41 inhabitants).

After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the incorporation of Winterkasten into the Bensheim district .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Winterkasten also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed, in which between 1921 and 1930 around 566,000 emigrants tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. From November 9th to 10th, 1938, synagogues were burned down during the so-called Reichskristallnacht and the homes and businesses of Jewish families were devastated.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Winterkasten also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 635  hectares , of which 196 hectares were forest.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipality of Winterkasten was incorporated into Lindenfels on December 31, 1971 on a voluntary basis . For Winterkasten, as for all the towns incorporated into Lindenfels, a local district with a local advisory board and mayor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

Courts in Hessen

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Michelstadt regional court was the court of first instance from 1822 . The patrimonial jurisdiction remained with the Baroness of Gemmingen until 1828, who then handed it over to the Grand Duchy of Hesse, which passed it on to the Counts of Erbach-Erbach. It was not until 1848, as a result of the March Revolution , that these rights were abolished with the “Law on the Relationships of Classes and Noble Court Lords” and passed to the Hessian state.

In the course of the reorganization of the judicial districts in the Starkenburg Province, which came into force on June 1, 1853 , extensive changes were made to the Michelstädter district court district and Winterkasten was assigned to the district court district of Fürth .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

With effect from April 1, 1904 the districts Bockenrod, Eberbach, Erzbach, Frohnhofen, Groß-Gumpen, Klein-Gumpen, Laudenau, Ober-Klein-Gumpen, Ober-Easter, Pfaffen-Beerfurth, Reichelsheim, Rohrbach, Unter-Easter and Winterkasten separated from the district court district of Fürth and formed the basis of the district court district of Reichelsheim established at the same time . On July 1, 1968, the Reichelsheim District Court was dissolved and the Winterkasten community was added to the Fürth District Court district.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Winterkasten was located and the administrative units to which it was subject:

Population development

• 1829: 480 inhabitants, 60 houses
• 1867: 513 inhabitants, 64 houses
Winter box: Population figures from 1829 to 2012
year     Residents
1829
  
 480
1834
  
 470
1840
  
 493
1846
  
 494
1852
  
 570
1858
  
 504
1864
  
 530
1871
  
 502
1875
  
 517
1885
  
 547
1895
  
 538
1905
  
 691
1910
  
 757
1925
  
 627
1939
  
 632
1946
  
 878
1950
  
 881
1956
  
 703
1961
  
 819
1967
  
 833
1970
  
 792
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 735
2006
  
 748
2011
  
 708
2012
  
 690
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2000 ; 2006 ; 2012 : City of Lindenfels from web archive. 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 465 Lutheran (= 96.88%) and 15 Reformed (= 3.12%) residents
• 1961: 657 Protestant (= 80.22%), 157 Catholic (= 19.17%) residents

politics

Local advisory board

There is a local district for Winterkasten (areas of the former municipality of Winterkasten) with a local advisory board and local mayor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of nine members. After the local elections in 2016, it consists of five representatives from the LWG / CDU and four from the SPD . Alfons Moritz (CDU) has been the mayor since 1982.

coat of arms

On July 30, 1971, the municipality of Winterkasten was given a coat of arms with the following blazon : Under a red shield head covered with three silver six-pointed stars, a black barn (stylized) in gold.

Culture and sights

Waldhufenkirche

The "Evangelical Community Center Waldhufenkirche" of the Evangelical Church Community Winterkasten / Laudenau is located a little off the main road. It was completed in 1973 and includes a church hall on the upper floor and several meeting and function rooms. The main attraction is the "Resurrection Window" designed by Manfred Stumpf from the Peter Hermans glass workshop, which was created in 2005.

Regular events

The annual snow race takes place on the sports field in Winterkasten. The task is to steer self-built racing cars and cars over an obstacle course and to survive it safely. The event attracts many spectators and visitors to the small town every year.

Economy and Infrastructure

Eleonorenklinik

Eleonorenklinik (2012)

Thanks to the Eleonorenklinik, Winterkasten is a well-known climatic health resort . It is a rehab clinic that specializes in the treatment of mainly metabolic and gastroenterological diseases.

On the premises of the Eleonorenklinik there is also an education center of the German Pension Insurance Hesse, which is used for training and further education purposes for employees of the German Pension Insurance Hesse.

Web links

Commons : Winterkasten (Lindenfels)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Figures, data, facts. In: website. City of Lindenfels, accessed October 2019 .
  2. ^ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 6a, About the Mark Heppenheim . In: Heidelberg historical holdings - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 58 , accessed on May 4, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 5 ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB ] Compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  4. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 752 f .
  5. ^ Pretlack, Johann Rudolf Victor Freiherr von. Hessian biography. (As of July 10, 2010). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS) ..
  6. ^ Alice Selinger: Odenwald, Bergstrasse: Culture & Enjoyment . Peter Mayer Verlag, Frankfurt 2005, ISBN 978-3-89859-300-7 , p. 10 f . ( Partial view [PDF; 156 kB ; accessed on March 12, 2014]).
  7. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  8. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 264 ( online at google books ).
  9. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 798 ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  11. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  13. ↑ Archive for Hessian History and Archeology , Volume 8, p. 505 ff, Historischer Verein für Hessen, Hessisches Staatsarchiv (Darmstadt) ( online at google books )
  14. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 96 ( online at google books ).
  15. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  16. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. (No longer available online.) 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  17. ↑ a b c d e Winterkasten, Bergstrasse district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of January 7, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 10, 2014 .
  18. ↑ Karl-Heinz Meier barley, Karl Reinhard Hinkel: Hesse. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation . Ed .: Hessian Minister of the Interior. Bernecker, Melsungen 1977, DNB  770396321 , OCLC 180532844 , p. 212 .
  19. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 37 kB) § 5. In: Website. City of Lindenfels, accessed September 2019 .
  20. ↑ Announcement, 1. the establishment of new regional courts in Darmstadt and Waldmichelbach, 2. the future composition of the city and regional court districts in the Starkenburg province on May 20, 1853 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. p. 377)
  21. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  22. ^ Announcement, the establishment of a district court in Reichelsheim i. O. regarding March 1, 1904 . In: Grand Ducal Ministry of Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1904 no. 6 , p. 84 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.9 MB ]).
  23. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 1 e) and Article 2, Paragraph 1 c) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  24. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  25. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  26. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  27. ↑ Local councils after the local elections in 2016. (PDF; 75 kB) In: Website. City of Lindenfels, June 2017, accessed September 2019 .
  28. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms for the municipality of Winterkasten, Bergstrasse district from July 30, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 33 , p. 1349 , item 1195 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).