District of Erbach

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The district of Erbach (officially: Großherzoglich Hessischer Gräflich Erbach Erbach and Graeflich Erbach Fürstenauischer Landraths-Bezirk ) was a district in the Grand Duchy of Hesse with its seat in Erbach . Founded in 1822, it went up in 1848 in the Erbach administrative district .

history

Emergence

In the course of the administrative reforms in the Grand Duchy from 1820 to 1823, jurisdiction and administration were also separated at the lower level and the tasks of the traditional offices in district districts - responsible for administration - and district courts - responsible for jurisdiction - reorganized. In the "dominiallands", in which the state largely united all sovereign rights in its hands, this happened across the board in 1821. In the "sovereign lands", in which patrimonial jurisdiction was still in the hands of noble families, this was not easily possible. It was here that agreements between the noble owners of these rights and the state created the basis for the reform. In this regard, the Counts of Erbach dominated the Odenwald . A corresponding agreement was concluded in 1822. The compromise meant that the holders of the patrimonial jurisdiction would continue to exercise their rights, the structure in which this happened but was aligned with the state. Then the Grand Ducal Hessian Count Erbach Erbach and Count Erbach Fürstenauische Landraths district was founded. The following areas were merged in the district administration:

The district council consisted of

The courts of first instance now required by the separation of administration and jurisdiction in the area covered by the district of Erbach were the newly established Freienstein district courts with their seat in Beerfelden and Michelstadt district court .

Further development

The next regional reform in the Grand Duchy of Hesse took place in 1832, with several district districts being combined into one district . The district of Erbach remained unaffected by this reform and thus initially retained.

The End

It was not until the March Revolution of 1848 that the prerogatives of the landlords , which opposed the state's monopoly of power and jurisdiction, were eliminated and the existing administrative structure was destroyed, with the Erbach district making up the newly founded Erbach district due to its size . The Wimpfen district and the Breuberg district also came into play . Even when the state apparently restored the pre-revolutionary conditions in the reaction era in 1852, it made sure that the sovereign rights of the landlords that had come to the state through the revolution remained with the state. In the area of ​​the former district of Erbach, the district of Erbach was founded - with marginal border adjustments to the neighboring district of Lindenfels  - and analogous to the structure in the rest of the Grand Duchy.

structure

The district council was divided into 29 mayorships , which were subordinate to the district administrator. Several smaller towns were often administered by a mayor's office. Since 1822 the Hessian municipalities have been able to choose their mayors themselves and mayors were no longer used. The mayor's offices in the district were:

  1. Airlenbach with Olfen
  2. Beerfelden
  3. Bullau with the hamlet of Bullauer Eutergrund
  4. Erbach (city)
  5. Erbach village with Ernsbach , Erlenbach (Erbach) and Erbuch
  6. Erzbach with Rohrbach
  7. Hawk buttocks
  8. Gammelsbach
  9. Large pools with small pools
  10. Günterfürst with Elsbach , Ebersberg , Haisterbach , Lauerbach , Roßbach and Schönnen
  11. Güttersbach with Hiltersklingen ( Erbach part ) and parts of Hüttenthal
  12. Hetzbach with Etzean
  13. Kailbach (beyond; east of the Itterbach ) with Galmbach and Hesselbach
  14. Kirchbeerfurt with Bockenrod , Ober- and Untergersprenz
  15. Laudenau with winter box
  16. Michelstadt with Stockheim
  17. Oberfinkenbach with Hinterbach and Raubach
  18. Oberkainsbach with Niederkainsbach
  19. Obermossau with stone book
  20. Upper Easter with Lower Easter
  21. Obersensbach with Hebstahl and Untersensbach
  22. Reichelsheim with Eberbach and Frohnhofen
  23. Rothenberg with Heimbrunn , Unterfinkenbach and Kortelshütte
  24. Schöllenbach with Hohberg (a hamlet in the Schöllenbach district) and Kailbach (this side, west of the Itterbach )
  25. Steinbach with Asselbrunn , Rehbach and parts of Langenbrombach
  26. Untermossau
  27. Far back with Momart
  28. Würzberg with Eulbach and three houses in the Eutergrund, the Würzberger Eutergrund
  29. Cell

Parallel specialist administrations

Finances

The district did not have a rent office, as all the places came from the rulers and were therefore not domicile locations, for whose income the rent offices were responsible.

The tax administration was separate from this. The district council belonged in part to the tax districts Hirschhorn and Michelstadt. The Hirschhorn tax district comprised the Hirschhorn and Wimpfen districts and the Beerfelden district collection from the Erbach district and was subordinate to the Bensheim administration. The Michelstadt tax district consisted of the two districts Michelstadt and Reichelsheim, which were subordinate to the Bensheim tax authority. The locations were assigned to the three district takings of the Landratsbezirks Erbach as follows. 1. Beerfelden with Airlenbach, Etzean, Falkengesäß, Galmbach, Gammelsbach, Güntersbach, Hebstahl, Heimbrunn, Hesselbach, Hetzbach, Hiltersklingen, parts of Hohberg, Hüttenthal, Kailbach, Oberfinkenbach, Obersensbach, Olsen, Raubach, Rothenberg, Schöllenbach, Unterfinkenbach, Untersensbach; 2. Michelstadt with Bullau, Ebersberg, Erbach-Dorf and the city of Erbach, Erbuch, Erlenbach, Ernsbach, Eulbach, Eutergrund, Günterfürst, Haisterbach, Langenbrombach, parts of Lauerbach, Momart, Rohrbach, Roßbach, Schönnen, Steinbach, Stockheim, Weitengesäß, Würzberg and cell; 3. Reichelsheim with Bockenrod, Eberbach, Erzbach, Frohnhofen, Großgumpen, Kirchbeerfurt, Kleingumpen, Laudenau, Niederkainsbach, Obergersprenz, Oberkainsbach, Obermossau, Oberostern, Pfaffenbeerfurt (from the district of Lindenfels), Rohrbach, Steinbuch, Untergersprenz, Unterostern and Winterkasten.

The district belongs to the main customs office in Heppenheim and had border customs offices II. Classe in Gammelsbach and Eulbach.

Forest

A grand ducal forest administration was not established in this district. The existing noble forest districts Bullau, Erbach, Eulbach, Falkengesäß, Gammelsbach, Hetzbach, Hohberg, Hüttenthal, Rehbach, Reichenberg and Zell remained.

church

The church administration in the district consisted of the two Lutheran inspectorates Brensbach and Michelstadt. In addition, the royal church regiment of the Erbach royal family continued to exist . The following branches belong to the Lutheran Inspectorate Brensbach : 1. the parish Brensbach (from the Reinheim district) with Niederkainsbach; 2. the parish of Erbach with Ebersberg, Elsbach, Erbach-Dorf, Erbuch, Erlenbach, Ernsbach, Günterfürst, Haisterbach, Lauerbach, Roßbach and Schönnen; 3. the parish of Reichelsheim with Bockenrod, Eberbach, parts of Erzbach, Frohnhofen, Großgumpen, Obergersprenz, Oberkainsbach, Oberostern, Pfaffenbeerfurt (from the district of Lindenfels), Rohrbach, Untergersprenz and Unterostern; 4. the branch locations of Kleingumpen, Laudenau and Winterkasten belonging to the parish of Neunkirchen. The Lutheran Inspectorate Michelstadt included: 1. the parish of Beerfelden with Airlenbach, Etzean, Falkengesäß, Gammelsbach, Hebstahl, Hetzbach, Hinterbach, Hohberg, Kailbach this side, Oberfinkenbach, Obersensbach, Raubach, Schollenbach and Untersensbach; 2. the parish of Güttersbach with Hiltersklingen, Hüttenthal, Olfen and Untermossau; 3. the parish of Michelstadt with Asselbrunn, Bullau, Eulbach, Eutergrund, Langenbrombach, Momart, Obermossau, Rehebach, Steinbach, Steinbuch, Stockheim, Weitengesäß, Würzberg and Zell; 4. the parish of Rothenberg with Heimbrunn and Unterfinkenbach. The place Kirchbeerfurt belonged to the parish Fränkisch-Crumbach of the Reinheim inspectorate . The village of Unterhebstahl belonged to the Baden , Protestant parish (Wald-) Katzenbach . The Catholic parish of Hesselbach with its branches in Galmbach and Kailbach (beyond) was not assigned to any rural chapter.

The consistories of the ecclesiastical regiment were 1. the consistorium zu Erbach of the counts of Erbach-Erbach for the count parishes of Brensbach, Erbach, Reichelsheim and the inspectorate of Brensbach ; 2. The Consistory of Michelstadt of the Counts of Erbach-Fürstenau with the Count's parishes of Beerfelden, Güttersbach, Michelstadt, Rothenberg and the Michelstadt inspectorate .

Historical description

The “Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse” reported in 1829 on the Reinheim district administration: The
location and boundaries are described as: “The district is between 49 ° 29 ′ and 49 ° 47 ′ north latitude and between 26 ° 26 ′ and 26 ° 48 ′ east longitude. The borders are to the north: the districts of Reinheim and Breuberg; to the east: the Kingdom of Bavaria: to the south: the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Hirschhorn district; towards the west is the Lindenfels district. ”
The natural properties as:“ a) Surface and soil: From the Bavarian region, via Mudau and Schlössau, a mountain ridge extends to the eastern side of the district, via Hesselbach, Würzberg, Eulbach and further into the Breuberg district . Sometimes it forms the most inhospitable heights; the ridge of this mountain is almost entirely flat and for the most part broad. Almost all the valleys end at this ridge, and along it runs the so-called high road from the Main to the Hohenlohe, and on it are the Roman fortifications along with baths, tombs and other ancient ruins, which Knapp so many are trying to find Has earned merits. The most important heights of this mountain ridge are the Krähberg 2255 Hess. Foot (0.25 m) , the Würzberg 2139 Hess. Feet (0.25 m) and the Eulbacher Höhe 2018 Hess. Feet (0.25 m) above the surface of the sea. The whole district is nothing but mountain and valley. The mountains are partly covered with enormous granite and syenite blocks , overgrown with forest, and partly very rough and barren. But no summit is inaccessible. The valleys are fertile, contain the most graceful and splendid meadows, are irrigated by many springs, but are narrow and small. The larger levels are mostly on the heights. The most charming and wonderful natural beauties are presented in abundance; the lovely Mimlingthal is excellent. The quality of the soil is very different, it is partly very clayey, partly very stony. The dependent location of so many fields makes building them tedious and costly. The manure often has to be fetched far away and brought to the fields with great effort. b) Waters: 1) the Mimling ; 2) the Gammelsbach ; 3) the Itterbach ; 4) the Finkenbach . "
The population as:" This is 24,242 souls, of which 22,275 are Luth .; 158 Evangel. Protest.; 1148 Cath .; 179 reform. and 482 Jews, who together live in 2 cities, 3 market towns, 63 villages, 2 hamlets, 2851 houses in general. "
The natural products as:" 725 horses, 70 foals, 24 bulls, 1199 oxen, 4958 cows, 3320 cattle, 5312 pigs, 6882 sheep, 297 goats and 137 donkeys. The various parks contain a great deal of game board; capercaillie, fish and particularly good trout can be found in several places. Grain, barley, husk , oats, heather , potatoes, flax, catfish , plums; a lot of wood. From the mineral kingdom of iron: to Michelstadt, Steinbach, Rehebach, Langenbrombach, Momart, Oberkainsbach, Zell, Obermossau; From which places the first three have the most important iron mines; the rest are in part no longer used. Sandstones at Steinbach, the best in the province, followed by those at Lauerbach, Olsen, Oberkainsbach, red and white; Michelstadt, Obermossau, red and white; good china clay for Upper and Lower Easter, but not used; Limestone near Michelstadt and Dorf-Erbach. ”
Trade and commerce as:“ Agriculture, cattle breeding, factories and handicrafts. Agriculture is subject to many difficulties in several areas because of the cold climate, sterile, stony and dependent soil. The urban industries give a lot of nourishment. The cloth makers in Beerfelden, Erbach, Michelstadt, as well as the wool machine spinning mills in Erbach and Michelstadt are important. There are also stocking weaving mills and dye works in Beerfelden. Good rifles are made at Erbach. Tanneries in Erbach and Michelstadt. An iron smelter is in Steinbach, which delivers beautifully shaped cast goods; Iron hammers are to Michelstadt, Gammelsbach, Güttersbach, Schöllenbach and Steinbach. Michelstadt makes good fire engines. The Michelstädter, Mossauer and Beerfelder beer is famous. A stick factory is in Reicheisheim. Paper mills are located in Erbach, Zell, Oberfinkenbach, Untermossau and Laudenau, the latter is a cardboard mill. Gypsmühlen zu Gammelsdach, Hetzbach; Lohmühlen zu Michelstadt, Dorf-Erbach, Stockheim, Walkmühlen zu Michelstadt, Falkengesäß, Stockheim and Dorf-Erbach. In general there are 52 grinding, 15 oil, 17 cutting. 6 fulling, 5 trowel, 2 gypsum and 5 paper mills. In Gammelsbach, the timber rafting is operated quite heavily. The manufacture of woolen cloths, which have reached a high degree of perfection, not only puts a lot of hands in the spinning, weaving, and dyeing factories, but also brings in a lot of money through the significant sales, which, of course, have decreased greatly in recent times Circulation. These cloths are the main export item, just as the ironworks supply a great deal of blacksmith and guy iron. The district exports a lot of beer, dry plums, lots of nuts, the latter especially to Saxony, wood and sandstones. The road from Darmstadt to the Neckar runs through Rehebach, Steinbach, Michelstadt, Stockheim, Erbach, Lauerbach, Schönnen, Ebersberg, Hetzbach, Beerfelden and Gammelsbach; then the Chaussee from Michelstadt to the Breuberg district goes through Zell. "

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The formation of the Landraths district Erbach and the district court districts Michelstadt and Beerfelden from May 21, 1822. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 18, June 17, 1822, pp. 199 f. (200).
  2. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into district councils and district courts of July 14, 1821. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 33, July 20, 1821, pp. 403ff.
  3. ↑ The formation of the Landraths district Erbach and the district court districts Michelstadt and Beerfelden from May 21, 1822. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 18, June 17, 1822, pp. 199f.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . Volume October 1, 1829, p. 62 ff. ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Law concerning the circumstances of the landlords and noble court lords of August 7, 1848. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 40, August 9, 1848, pp. 237–241.
  6. ↑ Law on the organization of the administrative authorities subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior of July 31, 1848. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 38, August 3, 1848, pp. 217–225 () 220.
  7. ↑ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 30, May 20, 1852, pp. 224–228 (225).