Wurzberg
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Wurzberg
City of Michelstadt
Coordinates: 49 ° 39 ′ 14 " N , 9 ° 4 ′ 46" E
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| Height : | 509 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 14.79 km² |
| Residents : | 789 (Jul. 1, 2017) |
| Population density : | 53 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | February 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 64720 |
| Area code : | 06061 |
At 509 meters, Würzberg is the highest district of Michelstadt in the Odenwaldkreis in southern Hesse . The place is known for the archaeological evidence of the Roman Limes , the Eulbacher Park near the hunting lodge Eulbach and the Würzberg transmitter of the Hessian Broadcasting Corporation .
Geographical location and settlement structure
Würzberg is the most southeastern part of Michelstadt. The district extends in north-south direction for a length of eight kilometers along the Hessian-Bavarian border on the ridge that separates the Mümlingtal in the west from the Mudtal in the east. The highest elevation is 544 meters in the west of the district in the forest near the cemetery and has no name of its own because of its low notch height ; the red hump to the southeast of it reaches 540.2 meters.
The main part of the district drains to the east via Mangelsbach and mainly Heinstermühlbach , which flow together in the Waldbach , towards the Mud and Main . Where the Heinstermühlbach leaves the district towards Bavaria at the mill that gives it its name, the lowest point of the village is located at around 370 meters above sea level. Only a small tip in the south of Würzberg with the source of the Itter, here called Euterbach , drains towards the Neckar ; the Euterbach leaves the district in the Eutergrund at an altitude of approx. 403 meters.
The fields of Würzberg show the typical striped pattern of a forest hoof village . The higher-lying and older part of the village is based on it as a row village laid out in a slight depression of the so-called Würzberger Platte . In the 19th century, smaller homeowners settled in the lower-lying part of the cleared and settlement area in the south-east, most of whom earned their living as day laborers and small business owners - partly connected with small-scale farming. This area, called “suburb” in local parlance, breaks through the rest of the settlement image, which is based on the Hufen, due to its irregular structure.
The district of Würzberg includes the two incorporated hamlets Mangelsbach and Eulbach (the latter on the site of an independent village that was abandoned during the Thirty Years War ), as well as the four houses east of the Euterbach in the Eutergrund valley (the houses to the west form the Bullauer Eutergrund district and belong politically to the district town of Erbach ). Also to be mentioned as inhabited individual layers far from the village are: the Heinstermühle in the valley of the brook named after it directly on the border with Bavaria, the former gatekeeper house Hubertus, on a forest path to Bullau on the border between the Erbach-Erbachischen and Erbach-Fürstenauischen Forest possessions and the forester's house Sylvan in the forest near Eulbach on an old footpath to Michelstadt. Two other places to live, the forester's house Lichte Platte on the road from Eulbach to the north on the border with Breuberg and the gatekeeper house Aurora on the road from Eulbach to the east to Amorbach on the border with Bavaria, were given up in 1919 and 1920 Demolition auctioned.
history
In Roman times, the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes ran on the Würzberg ridge , the route of which can be recognized as monuments in the area by a number of archaeologically proven watchtower points. Two Roman forts were located here, the Eulbach fort about two kilometers north and the Würzberg fort two kilometers south of the village. However, a continuous settlement as the great Roman towns did not exist, the settlement form Waldhufendorf rather outlines a planned system of the present village Würzberg as clearing settlement during the medieval eastward expansion in the 11th and 12th centuries close, with an active role of the monastery Amorbach to insinuate is. The oldest surviving documentary mention as Wizberg dates from 1310; In 1426 the place name is recorded as Werzeberg and in 1496 as Witzberg .
After the Thirty Years War, the place was almost depopulated with only two men and their relatives and was repopulated. There were - following on from old property rights - two independent villages, Ober-Würzberg in the west and Unter-Würzberg in the east and south. Ober-Würzberg was completely subordinate to the Counts of Erbach , in the larger Unter-Würzberg the Counts of Ingelheim, as the original local fiefs of the Landgraves of Hesse, held bailiwick rights and the " lower jurisdiction ", following the ministerial family of the Echter . So there was a "Graflich-Erbachischen Schultheißen " in Ober-Würzberg and a "Graflich-Ingelheimischen Schultheißen" in Unter-Würzberg.
In 1806, Ober- and Unter-Würzberg became part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in its Erbach office as part of the mediatization with the County of Erbach , whereby initially the noble privileges of the Erbach and Ingelheim counts were preserved in the place. It was not until two decades after the Erbach Counts had acquired the remaining legal title of the Counts of Ingelheim from them in 1817 that Ober- and Unter-Würzberg were united in 1838 under the name of Würzberg to form a political municipality. The winning designation Ingelheimer Berge in the northeastern Würzberg Forest , which is now owned by the Evangelical Church, is a reminder of the old legal and ownership relationships.
In 1927 and 1962, the hamlets of Mangelsbach and Eulbach , bordering to the north , the latter consisting primarily of the hunting lodge of the Counts of Erbach-Erbach and the associated English Garden , were incorporated into the Würzberg district; the civil, school and ecclesiastical responsibility had previously been in Würzberg.
To the affiliation of further areas of the current district to the game park of the Counts of Erbach-Erbach, which at times comprised approx. 3000 hectares, existed in parts until the First World War and made the village accessible on busy streets only through gate gates in the park fence supervised by gatekeepers, remind, among other things, the hallway name Gauls Tor near the hamlet of Mangelsbach, the residential area Jägertor in the outer location on Hesselbacher Straße, the above-mentioned former gatehouse Hubertus and indirectly also the Adlerstein . A few 100 meters as the crow flies north of the entrance to the village from the direction of Eulbach, in the high forest district of Vogelherdschlag, next to the so-called Kutschenweg - located just on the Ernsbach district - the Eberhardstein, whose memorial plaque refers to the former wildlife park.
To the east of the village boundary, directly beyond the Hessian-Bavarian border, was the even larger, fenced game park of the Princes of Leiningen . The Frankfurter Tor , which is also used as a hallway name, was located here as access to Würzberg from the direction of Breitenbuch and Hesselbach . The gatekeeper's house there was moved as a half-timbered house to the Würzberg “suburb” (Zum Römerbad 17) after it lost its function in the 19th century and is a listed building .
Würzberg voluntarily joined the city of Michelstadt during the regional reform in Hesse on February 1, 1972. As for every district of Michelstädter, a local district with a local advisory council and a local mayor was established. Manuel Dingeldein has been the mayor since 2016.
Population development
Occupied population figures are:
| 1522: | 21 men capable of arms |
| 1623: | 27 houses with 150 inhabitants |
| 1650: | 2 men |
| 1961: | 835 (including 730 Protestant and 105 Catholic) residents |
| Würzberg: Population from 1829 to 2017 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | |||
| 1829 | 434 | |||
| 1834 | 521 | |||
| 1840 | 591 | |||
| 1846 | 639 | |||
| 1852 | 674 | |||
| 1858 | 573 | |||
| 1864 | 644 | |||
| 1871 | 712 | |||
| 1875 | 737 | |||
| 1885 | 729 | |||
| 1895 | 665 | |||
| 1905 | 712 | |||
| 1910 | 752 | |||
| 1925 | 721 | |||
| 1939 | 734 | |||
| 1946 | 933 | |||
| 1950 | 950 | |||
| 1956 | 812 | |||
| 1961 | 835 | |||
| 1967 | 878 | |||
| 1970 | 837 | |||
| 1975 | 867 | |||
| 1986 | 985 | |||
| 2005 | 897 | |||
| 2014 | 812 | |||
| 2017 | 789 | |||
| Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources: | ||||
Culture and sights
The Protestant church built between 1905 and 1907 in the neo-Romanesque style from Odenwald sandstone is - together with the schoolhouse opposite from 1887 - a listed building . "Rather old-fashioned in style, the building already embodies the modern tendencies of the ' Werkbund ' [...] founded in 1907 by H. Muthesius et al. Through the craftsmanship and the emphasis on materials of the heavy bosses ." The simple elegance of the interior design is particularly impressive. The patron saints of the church are the Counts of Erbach-Fürstenau , since Würzberg traditionally belonged to the Michelstadt parish under their patronage as a branch village . A colored, carved coat of arms of the Counts of Erbach is on the cheek of a front bench of the church stalls.
In 1953, local citizens of all denominations built with donations in kind from the citizenry, the Earl's House of Erbach-Erbach , the Princely House of Leiningen , which is located in neighboring Amorbach, and with funds from the Diocese of Mainz, largely in self-help under the sign of an informal ecumenical movement in the northeast of the village (Im Eck 14) a church building for the families of the Catholic denomination , most of whom only moved in as new citizens from the east after the Second World War. On June 27, 1954, the Bishop of Mainz Albert Stohr personally consecrated the small branch church - officially a chapel of the Catholic parish of Hl. Geist Vielbrunn - to Saint George , of which a plastered picture of the saint slaying a dragon by the Miltenberg church painter Kurt Zöller (1921–1995) the entrance gate testifies. As one of the sponsors of the construction, Count Franz II of Erbach-Erbach (1925–2015), who lived in the Eulbach hunting lodge, took over the protectorate of the little church when the foundation stone was laid; he was of the Lutheran denomination. The interior was also designed by the church painter Zöller; u. a. A sgraffito image in the chancel shows Christ crucified and crowned, accompanied on the left and right by the Old Testament figures of Noe planting a vine and Ruth gathering ears - both as allegorical references to the wine and bread of the Lord's Supper .
When the Würzberg evangelical parish replaced the steel bells of their church bells with bronze bells in 1960, they donated the old bells to the Catholic citizens for their church St. Georg, so that this church has had a bell since then.
Particular tourist attractions in Würzberg are the remains of the Roman castles (especially the Roman baths ) and other evidence of Roman times, as well as the Eulbacher Park - here called the "English Garden" - as a romantic English-style landscape garden from the first decade of the 19th century Animal enclosures . As the oldest German museum park for Roman and ancient excavations, the English Garden as a whole has the official status of a cultural monument .
In the English Garden in Eulbach, the third and oldest church in the Würzberg district is located on an island in the pond there: the so-called lake chapel, which was built when the park was laid out, is clad in the romantic sense of tree bark and has also been set up for church services since 1858 . During their stay in the Eulbach hunting lodge, it serves as a house chapel for the count's family. Occasionally - mostly on Whit Monday - services that take place there follow the old Lutheran rite .
In the north-east of the district, not far from the "Mainweg", an abandoned historical road connection to the Main Valley, near today's border with Bavaria, the Hohle Stein, a formation on the steep western slope towards the Mangelsbach, consisting of two sandstone rocks, one with a rock slab covering them forms a small cave. According to tradition , the robber captain Johannes Bückler, known as Schinderhannes , hid here during a foray into the Odenwald. The place is one of the protected natural monuments .
See also: Cultural monuments in Würzberg
Transport and infrastructure
The center of Würzberg is about two kilometers south of the federal highway 47 , the Nibelungenstraße , which leads from the core town of Michelstadt in the west past the hunting lodge Eulbach over the Bavarian border to Amorbach in the east and further into Walldürn in Baden .
To the west of Eulbach, the district road K 45 branches off from the main road to the south and leads through Würzberg to the state border in the direction of Breitenbuch ; the passage through the built-up location has a total length of approx. 2.5 kilometers.
Just east of Eulbach, the state road L 3349 branches off to the north from the B 47, opens up the northern tip of the district to the former Lichte Platte residential area and continues to Vielbrunn .
After the village, branching off from the K 45 in the direction of Breitenbuch, the course of the Limes with its monuments leads along an old Roman road along a paved road through the forest to Hesselbach . It runs largely on private land located in Bavaria and is not part of the public transport network, although it is maintained by the Hessian Odenwaldkreis.
There are no direct road connections from the actual village to the Eutergrund district of Würzberg , the Heinstermühle single site , the geographically closest neighboring Hessian towns of Ernsbach , Erbuch and Bullau, and the Bavarian Boxbrunn , which is within sight . However, there is a cycle path to Bullau, which is at the same height, which continues to Eberbach am Neckar.
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There is a connection to the local public transport of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund on the local bus line 40 with up to ten bus and three dial-a-bus connections to the core town of Michelstadt and the district town of Erbach with its Odenwaldbahn stations . In the months of April to October, the NaTourBus line 40N Michelstadt – Amorbach – Miltenberg, on which bicycles can be taken , serves two stops on the B 47 district with six daily journeys ( junction Würzberg and Eulbach Schloss ).
Würzberg is part of the Odenwald long-distance and quality hiking trails network . The circular hiking trails Hubenweg and Mühlenweg have their starting point here. In snowy winters, cross-country trails with only slight inclines are groomed on the Würzberger Höhe .
On the western edge of the local situation just before the entrance is a highly visible landmark of 100.5 m high transmission tower of the transmitter Würzberg the hessian broadcast.
The city of Michelstadt runs the Zur Wichtelburg kindergarten in the former schoolhouse . A village community center with a shooting range serves as a meeting place for the numerous local clubs and is available for private and public events. The Würzberger Evangelical Church Congregation maintains a parish hall in the immediate vicinity of the church for its activities outside of the church service. In the firehouse that have volunteer fire department and the local branch of the German Red Cross on its own premises.
The Tierschutzverein Odenwald eV maintains the largest animal shelter in the Odenwald district at Jägertor in Würzberg .
Personalities
- The linguist and cultural scientist Heinrich J. Dingeldein , co-author and editor of the Hesse-Nassau dictionary and the Hessian language atlases, was born in 1953 in Würzberg.
- Alexander Graf zu Erbach-Erbach and von Wartenberg-Roth (1891–1952), in 1917 and 1918 the last member of the Erbach-Erbach estate in the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , lived and died in the hunting lodge Eulbach.
- Franz Graf zu Erbach-Erbach and von Wartenberg-Roth (1925–2015), boss of the Grafenhaus Erbach, lived in the hunting lodge Eulbach for most of his life.
- Leonhard Heß (* May 7, 1886 in Würzberg; † November 24, 1967 there), as the last miller in the Heinstermühle widely known as "the Heinstermüller", achieved through the publication of legends , horror stories and historical stories from the Hessian-Bavarian The Baden border region in the Odenwald is highly regarded as a folk teller in the regional press . In 1966 Hess, who also kept a local chronicle, was made its first and only honorary citizen by his home community, which was still independent at the time .
literature
- Elisabeth Kleberger: Territorial history of the rear Odenwald. County of Erbach, dominion of Breuberg, dominion of Franconian-Crumbach. Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 1958 (= sources on Hessian history 19)
- Gustav Simon : The history of the dynasts and counts of Erbach and their country. Brönner, Frankfurt a. M. 1858.
- Walter Weidmann: Würzberg. A home book. Stadt Michelstadt, Michelstadt 1995 (Town Hall and Museum Series, Vol. 16) ISBN 3-924583-23-4
- Walter Weidmann: Eulbach. A home book. City of Michelstadt, Michelstadt 2002 (Town Hall and Museum Series Vol. 21) ISBN 3-924583-39-0
- Literature on Würzberg in the Hessian Bibliography
Web links
- Würzberg district on the website of the city of Michelstadt.
- Würzberg.Info. Information about the place, clubs. In: www.wuerzberg.info. Private website
- Würzberg, Odenwaldkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Würzberg, Odenwaldkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ Numbers and facts. Economic data. In: website. City of Michelstadt, accessed August 2020 .
- ^ Walter Weidmann: The Waldhufendorf Würzberg in the Odenwald. In: Darmstädter Geographische Studien 3 (1982), pp. 87-120.
- ^ Land map of Würzberg (before 1851). Historical atlas of Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on December 20, 2016 .
- ↑ Environmental Atlas Hessen (accessed on December 24, 2016)
- ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Jagdschloss Eulbach and Englischer Garten In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
- ^ G: Z: E: for Count zu Erbach ; L Roman numeral for 50 ; PATRI FILIUS lat. For the father of the son , GA for Georg Albrecht . The honored is Count Eberhard XV. zu Erbach-Erbach (1818–1884) . The bullet holes on the plate date from the end of the war in 1945.
- ↑ Walter Weidmann: The former park gate from Frankfurter Tor in the Leiningischen Wildpark. In: Der Odenwald 57 (2010), no. 3, pp. 122–124.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 359 .
- ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Evangelical Church In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
- ↑ For renovation (with pictures) .
- ^ Report on the 60th anniversary of the church consecration (Parish of the Holy Spirit) (accessed on December 12, 2016)
- ↑ The foundation stone was laid on August 16, 1953. The foundation stone contains the deed of foundation with the following text: “In the name of the Most Holy Trinity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, Amen. In the year of salvation 1953, on the 12th Sunday after Pentecost, August 16, in the 15th year of the pontificate of His Holiness Pope Pius XII. when Dr. Albert Stohr Bishop of the Holy See of Mainz, Spiritual Counselor Dr. Dr. Konrad Booß Dean of the Dieburg Regional Chapter, Dr. Heinrich Hähner was the parish curate of Vielbrunn when Dr. Theodor Heuss Federal President, Dr. Konrad Adenauer Federal Chancellor and Georg August Zinn Prime Minister of the State of Hesse, Georg Ackermann District Administrator of the Erbach District, Leonhard Walther was Mayor of Würzberg, His Reverend Domkapitular Johannes Fink consecrated the foundation stone of this church as representative of His Excellency the Bishop of Mainz, which is based on the title » St. Georg «under the protectorate of His Highness Count Franz zu Erbach-Erbach and von Wartenberg-Roth, Herr zu Breuberg, Wildenstein, Steinbach, Curl and Ostermannshofen." City of Michelstadt: Catholic Church of St. Georg ( Memento from 7 July 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Retrieved August 1, 2011).
- ↑ Internet presence of the responsible municipality within the SELK . (Accessed December 20, 2016)
- ↑ Description of the so-called Höhenradwanderweg (accessed on December 25, 2016)
- ↑ Timetable information Odenwaldmobil . (Accessed December 12, 2016)
- ↑ Hiking suggestions from the Odenwald Club . (Accessed April 2019)
- ↑ Directions to Wanderbaren Germany . (Accessed December 24, 2016)
- ↑ Directions from Odenwald Tourism. ( Memento from December 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (Retrieved December 24, 2016)
- ↑ Description at Odenwald Tourism . (Accessed December 24, 2016)
- ↑ Internet presence of the Würzberg animal shelter. (Accessed December 12, 2016)
- ↑ Acknowledgment of Leonhard Heß (accessed on February 7, 2017)
Michelstadt | Rehbach | Steinbach with hamlet Asselbrunn | Stone book | Stockheim | Vielbrunn with the hamlets of Bremhof and Brunnthal | Wide buttocks | Würzberg with the hamlets of Mangelsbach and Eulbach