Ingelheim (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Ingelheim

The noble family von Ingelheim belonging to the Rhenish nobility has been documented since the 10th century. The lineage of the sex goes back to the year 1192. Since the marriage of an heir daughter of the Echter von Mespelbrunn , who became extinct in the male line , the family has carried the title of Count von Ingelheim called Echter von und zu Mespelbrunn . The family's ancestral home is Ingelheim near Mainz .

history

The Ingelheim are considered one of the oldest Franconian, noble and thus knightly families in Germany. For centuries you worked as imperial and royal ministerials at the Ingelheim Knights' Court and later Ingelheim Higher Court, where 70 courts from Kreuznach to the Wetterau "went to head" after 1300–1680 (= took advice).

The first documents for this nobility with the ancestral home in Ober-Ingelheim ( Mainz-Bingen district ) should name Heinrich von Ingelheim as the owner of the "Spurkenheimer Höfe" in connection with the Synod of Ingelheim of 948. Whether this is tenable, however, is questionable, since surnames were not in use in Germany before 1100. A document from 835, on which the “exactor palacii” Agano and four “liberi homines” (= noble free) and nine “fiscalines” (= official of the imperial palace) as witnesses only signed their first names, suggests that one of them was an ancestor of the sex was. However, excavations from 2015 at the Church of St. Remigius in Ingelheim, which indicate that 150 years before Charlemagne, there was a larger settlement in Ingelheim, showed that the family probably already sat in the region before Charlemagne . On the basis of splendid grave finds from the 7th century and the door frame of a previous church of today's Ingelheimer Burgkirche from the 7th century, on which a cross carved between 2 Germanic sun wheels is shown, one can even infer a possible model of the family coat of arms.

Gerlachus de Ingilnheim, ministerialis regis, appears in a document in 1140. The first coat of arms seal comes from Herbold von Ingelheim, Schultheiss at the Ingelheimer Rittergericht from 1225.

The uninterrupted series begins with Johann von Ingelheim, Ritter, first mentioned in 1192. According to Rixner's tournament book of 1566, this same Johann von Ingelheim was tournament king (ie tournament winner) at tournaments in Nuremberg in 1197 and Worms in 1209.

In tournament books there is also mention of a tournament in Magdeburg in 935, in which a knight Heinrich von Ingelheim took part. The fact that only knights with seven knightly ancestors were allowed to take part in tournaments and that the Franconian royal estate at Ingelheim had existed since Merovingian times, as well as the establishment of the Palatinate under Charlemagne, favor the idea that the administrator of this Palatinate or a noble freeman from the Ingelheimer Reason at the time of Charlemagne could have been the founder of the noble family. However, these early names must be fundamentally doubted for members of the knightly class, as, as mentioned, surnames were not in use before 1100.

Interesting is a door stone from a previous church from the 7th century, which can be seen in the castle church (Ingelheim) , on which a cross carved between two Germanic sun wheels can be seen. It is obvious that this cross was the model for the family coat of arms.

Regardless of such speculations, the family clearly belongs to the primeval nobility and had been living in the Ingelheimer Grund for centuries when it was acquired by Count Palatine Ruprecht I as an imperial pledge in 1375 . During this time they performed a variety of tasks at the Ingelheimer Oberhof as lay judges, mayors and senior mayors.

In the Burgkirche (Ingelheim) and in the St.Vitus Church in Heidelberg-Handschuhsheim, several epitaphs by members of the von Ingelheim family can be seen.

Even after the sovereign converted to Protestantism, the family remained Catholic and oriented towards the Archdiocese of Mainz , in whose administration they rose. In 1679 Anselm Franz von Ingelheim became Archbishop and Elector of Mainz , in 1680 the family was raised to the imperial baron status of Emperor Leopold I with “high and well-born”, in 1737 by Emperor Karl VI. in the imperial count class .

Coat of arms of the Echter family, 1605

Philipp Ludwig von Ingelheim married Maria Ottilia (1648–1701), the heir to the Echter von Mespelbrunn family. When the Echter family died out in the male line with Johann Philipp (1646–1665) in 1665, the two families were allowed to combine their names and coats of arms with imperial permission and thus continue the tradition of the Echter family. Even today the name of the family is "Count von Ingelheim called Echter von und zu Mespelbrunn". Since then, the new family coat of arms has united the coats of arms of the two old noble families.

With the elevation to the imperial baron status in 1680, the Great Palatinate was also awarded in primogeniture . That was the right to elevate capable people to the nobility in the name of the emperor.

Due to the French Revolution , they gave up their areas on the left bank of the Rhine ("because they did not want to be subjects of an upstart") and concentrated on their areas in the Rheingau and Main Franconia. Friedrich Karl Joseph von Ingelheim expanded the ruined Brömserburg in Rüdesheim in 1809 as a romantic residential castle, which came into domestic possession in 1540 as the heir of the Brömser von Rüdesheim family . This building, at the beginning of the Romantic era , attracted the attention of many greats of the time, whose names can be seen in the guest book that can still be viewed there.

Mespelbrunn Castle in the Spessart

In the wars of freedom, Friedrich Karl Joseph equipped a free corps , the Frankfurt Jäger , and fought against Napoleon. Philipp Rudolf von Ingelheim was the hereditary Imperial Councilor of the Crown of Bavaria and an honorary doctorate from the University of Würzburg. On August 11, 1914, he rode with the last cavalry attack by German troops, the cavalry attack by Lagarde Bavarian Uhlans .

The seat of the family has been Mespelbrunn Castle in Spessart since World War II .

Albrecht Graf von Ingelheim ( CSU ), the head of the family until December 2006, was involved in local politics in the Mespelbrunn community , the Aschaffenburg district and the Lower Franconia district . Until his death, he held the offices of district council president of Lower Franconia, chairman of the University of Würzburg and first chairman of the history and art association of Aschaffenburg e. V. In addition, from May 1, 1978 to December 31, 2005, he was mayor of the community and administrative community Mespelbrunn. His resignation from this honorary position took place for health reasons. Albrecht Graf von Ingelheim died on December 2, 2006. The heiress of the family estate at Mespelbrunn Castle is his daughter Marie Antoinette Countess of Ingelheim, called Echterin von und zu Mespelbrunn - Baroness von Geyr zu Schweppenburg .

The current generation is the 25th in the verifiable family line .

coat of arms

The tribe crest shows a red and gold in two rows in black geschachtes cross. On the helmet with red and gold covers an eagle flight marked like the shield .

Known members

In addition to the archbishop mentioned, there are also important representatives of this family

References and comments

  1. ↑ Gudenus, Codex diplom. Moguntinus 1, 122
  2. ↑ In the guest book you can find a. Marie-Louise of Austria , the second wife of Napoleon, the kings Friedrich Wilhelm III. and Friedrich Wilhelm IV. of Prussia , King August of Saxony , King Otto of Greece , Grand Duke Carl August of Saxe-Weimar , the military Duke of Wellington and Count Yorck von Wartenburg , the politician Heinrich von Gagern , the medic Wilhelm Hufeland , the architect Gottfried Semper , the composers Peter Cornelius and Nicolò Paganini , the painters Wilhelm Kaulbach , Johann Adam Klein , Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld and Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow , the writers Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Ludwig Uhland and Ernst Moritz Arndt , the philologist Jacob Grimm , as well Prince Hermann Pückler-Muskau .

See also

literature

  • Features section; FAZ of November 23, 2015.
  • A. Hall guard: The death of the knight Philipp von Ingelheim on July 2, 1431 in the song of a master singer. In: BIG 9, 1958, pp. 145-146
  • EM Schreiber: Archbishop Anselm Franz von Ingelheim and his work for people and empire. In: HJb 1960, pp. 46-52
  • H. Kohtz: From Ingelheim. Knights - barons - counts. In: Ingelheim am Rhein 774–1974 , pp. 299–311
  • F.-J. Heyen (Ed.): History of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate. Territories Ploetz. Freiburg / Würzburg 1981
  • S. Duchhardt-Bösken: The Lords of Ingelheim in the 17th / 18th centuries Century. In: HJb 1982, pp. 57-59
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume V, Volume 84 of the complete series, pp. 456-457, CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 1984, ISSN  0435-2408
  • KH Henn: An Ingelheim Adelshof and its history. In: BIG 36, 1987, pp. 21-28
  • KH Henn: The Westerhaus estate and the family of Ingelheim. In: HJb 1991, pp. 88-92 Mainz 1998
  • Coat of arms in the Wernigeroder Wappenbuch , end of the 15th century
  • Ingelheim's coat of arms in the Book of Arms of the Holy Roman Empire , Nuremberg around 1554–1568