District of Langen

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The district of Langen was a district in the province of Starkenburg of the Grand Duchy of Hesse with its seat in Langen . Founded in 1821, the District Administrator District in 1832 went to the circles Gross-Gerau and Offenbach on.

history

Emergence

In the course of the administrative reform of 1821 in the Grand Duchy, jurisdiction and administration were also separated at the lower level , and the tasks of the traditional offices were reorganized in district districts (responsible for administration) and district courts (responsible for jurisdiction). The district of Langen emerged from:

There were 14 "old Hessen" ( Upper County Katzenelnbogen ), two formerly Kurmainzische and the three knightly places. Apart from the three chivalrous places, it was "Dominiallande", areas in which the state exercised sovereign rights undivided.

The tasks of the judiciary of the first instance , which had carried out the now dissolved offices, were transferred to the newly founded Regional Court of Langen .

Further development

When the district council was established, the patrimonial rights of the noble owners still existed in full. Since this torpedoed the state's claim to the monopoly of force , the state endeavored to have these rights ceded and concluded appropriate contracts

  • 1822 with the barons of Franckenstein about the Messenhäuser Höfe, which only concerned the case law,
  • also in 1822 with Baroness von Albini zu Dieburg, who kept her rights in Messel, but let the state exercise them in her name, and
  • 1825 with Countess Anna Maria von Lerchenfeld-Köfering (1775-1854), née Groschlag zu Dieburg , regarding Eppertshausen.

resolution

In the regional reform of 1832, the district councils were dissolved and merged into larger districts . Shortly afterwards, their layout was defined in a further regulation . The district of Langen was dissolved, and the associated communities were divided between the Offenbach and Großgerau districts.

Internal organization

The district of Langen was divided into 15 mayorships , which were subordinate to the district administrator. Several smaller towns were often administered by a mayor's office. In accordance with the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, the municipalities were headed by an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council. Schultheiss were no longer used.

Mayorships

  1. Arheilgen
  2. Dietzenbach
  3. Egelsbach
  4. Eppertshausen
  5. Erzhausen
  6. Graefenhausen with Schneppenhausen
  7. Kelsterbach
  8. Long
  9. Messel
  10. Moerfelden
  11. Niederroden
  12. Oberroden with Messenhausen
  13. Walldorf
  14. Weiterstadt with Braunshardt
  15. Wixhausen

Parallel specialist administrations

Finances

For the income from state property (the so-called domains ) there were the rent offices . The mayor offices of Arheilgen, Egelsbach, Erzhausen, Graefenhaufen, Kelsterbach, Langen, Messel, Mörfelden, Walldorf, Weiterstadt and Wixhausen belonged to the Rentamt Darmstadt . The mayor offices of Dietzenbach, Niederroden and Oberroden belonged to the Seligenstadt rent office .

The tax administration was separate from this. The Langen tax district was responsible for the district administration, which included all the places in the district administration district and was part of the Darmstadt administration . The Langen tax district was in turn divided into two district taxpayers , consisting of Langen with Dietzenbach, Egelsbach, Eppertshausen, Messel, Messenhausen, Niederroden and Oberroden and Morfelden with Arheilgen, Braunshardt, Erzhausen, Graefenhaufen, Kelsterbach, Schneppenhausen, Walldorf, Weiterstadt and Wixhausen.

The district belonged to the main customs office Neuisenburg and had two secondary customs offices in Kelsterbach and Langen.

Forest

The places of the district council were assigned to three different forests . The following 5 forest districts belonged to the Langen Forest : 1. Koberstadt ; 2. medium thick; 3. Mönchhof with Kelsterbach; 4. Mörfelden with Braunshardt, Graefenhausen, Schneppenhausen and Walldorf; 5. Wolfsgarten with Egelsbach and Langen. The places Arheilgen, Erzhausen, Weiterstadt and Wixhausen belonged to the forest district Kalkofen , the place Messel belonged to the forest district Messel , both were in the forest Darmstadt . The places Dietzenbach, Eppertshausen, Messenhausen, Nieder Roden and Ober Roden belong to the forest district Ober Roden of Forst Seligenstadt .

church

The church administration in the district consisted of the Langen inspectorate , to which the Lutheran parishes of Arheilgen, Dietzenbach, Egelsbach, Graefenhausen with Schneppenhausen, Kelsterbach, Langen, Messel, Mörfelden, Weiterstadt with Braunshardt, Wixhausen with Erzhausen and the reformed parish of Walldorf were subordinate. The Catholic places with parishes in Eppertshausen, Niederroden with Messenhausen and Urberach (from the Offenbach district) belong to the Dieburger Landkapitel .

Historical description

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports in 1829 on the district of Langen:

Location and boundaries are described as: “The district has a very irregular location and lies between 49 ° 54 'and 50 ° 5' north latitude and between 26 ° 8 'and 26 ° 34' east longitude. The borders are to the north: the Duchy of Nassau , the area of ​​the free city of Frankfurt, the districts of Offenbach and Seligenstadt; to the east: the districts of Offenbach and Seligenstadt; to the south: the districts of Dieburg and Darmstadt; to the west: the Main with the adjacent Duchy of Nassau and the Dornberg district. "

The natural composition as: “a) Surface and soil: The district forms a large, mostly very unattractive, uniform plain, which is only interrupted on the eastern side by hills. Large sands are found, especially in the southern part, which at times almost turn into drifting sand. In several places, however, the sand is more or less mixed with potting soil, and in the weather it is quite fertile. But spots are found in the sand plains that have a heavy black soil that is fertile enough to produce anything. b) Waters: 1) the Main; 2) the Schwarzbach; 3) the Rodaubach ; 4) the apple stream ; 5) the Heegbach ; 6) the Gundbach ; 7) the Sülzbach . "

The population as: “This is 15,772 souls; among these are 11,589 Luth .; 3119 Cath .; 507 reform .; 9 Mennon. and 548 Jews, who together live in 1 market town, 17 villages and 1 hamlet, with a total of 2,115 houses. "

The natural products as: “1034 horses, 104 foals, 42 bulls, 316 oxen, 3631 cows, 1158 cattle, 3522 pigs, 3310 sheep, 155 goats, 2 donkeys. Lots of grain and oats, less barley and even less husk and wheat. Much millet and heather in several places ; some catfish , rape, some poppy seeds, hemp; a lot of flax here and there; Legumes, clover, pumpkins, potatoes, beets, fruits. The district is poor in minerals. Fractures of red sandstones near Langen, which, however, cannot be used for fine work; Flötzkalk, which sometimes contains traces of fossils and pebbles. In the Gehaborner field shell limestone with turbinites, grit, to Mörfelden; exquisitely beautiful at the Hof Sensfelden. Pottery clay and a dark blue clay near Kelsterbach. "

Trade and commerce as: “Agriculture, cattle breeding. There is a tobacco and faience and earthenware factory in Kelsterbach, and a white lead factory near Wixhausen. In Eppertshausen, the pastry trade and in Oberroden the jug bakery is quite strong. There is a warehouse of shelves and battens in Arheilgen . The faience and white lead factories, the jug bakeries and the stoneworks sell a lot of goods. Millet, heather and flax are also exported. The very frequent main road from Darmstadt to Frankfurt goes through the districts of Arheilgen and Langen. "

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 33, July 20, 1821, p. 405.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, p. 133 ff . ( Text archive - Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 33, July 20, 1821, p. 405.
  4. ↑ The Patrimonial Jurisdiction on the Messenhäuser Höfe regarding May 6, 1822. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 16, May 29, 1822, pp. 191f.
  5. ↑ The administration of justice and police with regard to the place Messel on May 15, 1822. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 16, May 29, 1822, p. 189.
  6. ↑ The cession of the Graeflich Lerchenfeld jurisdiction in Eppertshausen to the state on July 25, 1825. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 33, August 26, 1825, p. 353.
  7. ↑ Art. 1 Edict, the organization of the government agencies subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior and Justice, relating to June 6, 1832. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 55, July 4, 1832, pp. 365–376.
  8. ^ Ordinance on the formation of circles in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse on August 20, 1832. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 74, September 5, 1832, pp. 561–563 (561 f.).