District Hungen

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The district of Hungen was a district in the Grand Duchy of Hesse in the province of Upper Hesse . Formed in 1822, it became part of the Hungen district in 1841 .

history

Emergence

In the course of the administrative reforms in the Grand Duchy from 1820 to 1823, jurisdiction and administration were also separated at the lower level , and the tasks of the traditional offices were reorganized in district districts (responsible for administration) and district courts (responsible for jurisdiction). In the "dominiallands", in which the state united sovereign rights in its hands, this happened across the board in 1821. In the "sovereign lands", in which patrimonial jurisdiction was still in the hands of noble families, this was not easily possible. It was here that agreements between the noble owners of these rights and the state created the basis for the reform. In this regard, the princes and counts of Solms dominated the northern Wetterau . A corresponding agreement was concluded in 1822. As a result, the district of Hungen was founded, in which were brought together:

The courts of first instance now required by the separation of administration and jurisdiction in the area covered by the Hungen district administration were the newly established district courts of Hungen , Laubach and Lich .

The End

The next regional reform in the Grand Duchy of Hesse took place in 1832, with several district districts being combined to form a district in the parts of the state in which the state predominantly had sovereign rights . The district of Hungen, which is strongly dominated by civil structures, was initially unaffected by this reform and thus preserved.

It was not until 1841 that a contract was signed between the Grand Duchy and the House of Solms, with which the latter ceded its sovereign rights to the state. The state formed the district of Hungen from the district of Hungen - in fact a renaming.

organization

The district of Hungen was divided into 33 mayorships , which were subordinate to the district administrator. Several smaller towns were often administered by a mayor's office. Since 1822 the Hessian municipalities could elect their mayors themselves and mayors were no longer appointed. The 33 mayorships were:

  1. Bellersheim ,
  2. Bettenhausen ,
  3. Birklar with Muschenheim ,
  4. Village manure with wood home ,
  5. Eberstadt with upper listeners
  6. Einartshausen
  7. Ettingshausen ,
  8. Freienseen ,
  9. Gambach ,
  10. Gonterskirchen ,
  11. Griedel ,
  12. Grüningen
  13. Hattenrod ,
  14. Hunger ,
  15. Pagans ,
  16. Langsdorf ,
  17. Lardenbach with Ilsdorf,
  18. Laubach ,
  19. Lich ,
  20. Munzenberg (Solmscher and Grand Ducal portion)
  21. Niederweisel with Hausen and Oes ,
  22. Nonnenroth with Niederbessingen and Röthges ,
  23. Obbornhofen ,
  24. Ober-Bessingen with Münster ,
  25. Ruppertsburg ,
  26. Södel ,
  27. Trais-Horloff ,
  28. Trais
  29. Utphe ,
  30. Villingen ,
  31. Weather field ,
  32. Wölfersheim with Weckesheim
  33. Wohnbach with Arnsburg .

The domanial shares (state shares) in Munzenberg and Trais were administered on behalf of the state, the remaining parts in the name of the noblemen .

Parallel specialist administrations

Finances

The tax offices were responsible for the income from state property (the so-called domains ) . The Demanialrentamt Grünberq was responsible for the towns of Arnsburg, Freienseen, Gonterskirchen Laubach and Nonnenroth, and that of the Friedberg Rentamt for grand-ducal shares in Munzenberg and Traismünzenberg.

The tax administration was separate from this. For the district administration, the Gießen chief tax authority was responsible. The Hungen tax district was divided into four district taxpayers to which the following mayorships were assigned:

  1. Grüningen with Dorfgüll, Eberstadt, Gambach, Griedel, Holzheim, Münzenberg, Obbornhofen and Traismünzenberg
  2. Hungen with Bellersheim, Inheiden, Obbornhofen, Södel, Traishorloff, Utphe, Weckesheim, Wolfersheim and Wohnbach
  3. Laubach with Einartshausen, Freienseen, Gonterskirchen, Ilsdorf, Lardenbach, Münster, Nieberbessingen, Nonnenroth, Oberbessingen, Röthges, Ruppertsburg, Villingen and Wetterfeld
  4. Lich with Arnsburg, Bettenhausen, Birklar, Ettingshausen, Hattenrod, Langsdorf and Muschenheim.

The places Hausen, Niederweisel and Oes belonged to the district takers of Butzbach. The district of Hungen belongs to the main customs office in Lollar.

Forest

From the district administrative district, the forest district Butzbach, the places Gambach, Griedel, Hausen, Holzheim, Niederweisel and Oes, as well as the forest district Rockenhausen with the places Bellersheim, Bettenhausen, Eberstadt, Münzenberg, Obbornhofen, Oberhörgern, Södel, Traismünzenberg, Weckesheim belonged to the "Forst Friedberg" , Wolfersheim, and Wohnbach. Dorfgüll and Grüningen belonged to the Schiffenberg forest district of the "Gießen Forest".

church

The places of the district council form 31 Protestant parishes. The "Inspectorate Hungen" includes: Bellersheim, Gambach with Oberhörgern, Griedel, Grüningen, Holzheim, Hungen, Langsdorf with Bettenhausen, Münzenberg, Muschenheim with Birklar, Niederbessingen, Obbornhofen, Rothges, Traismünzenberg, Villingen with Nonnenroth, Wölfersheim with Weckesheim. The parishes Eberstadt, Ettingshausen with Hattenrod, Hausen with Oes, Lich, Münster with Oberbessingen, Niederweisel and Södel were assigned to the "Inspectorate Lich". The following parishes belong to the Count of Solms-Laubachische Consistorium zu Laubach: Freienseen, Gonterskirchen, Lardenbach with Ilsdorf, Laubach, Ruppertsburg, Traishorloff with Inheiden and Utphe, Wetterfeld and Wohnbach. The parish of Einartshausen belongs to the Count's Solms-Rödelheim Consistory in Rodelheim.

Historical description

The "Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse" reported in 1829 on the district of Hungen:

The location is described as: “The district contains 44 places which, apart from the Domonialantheile at Münzender and Traismünzenberg, are all noble and 18 of these belong to the Prince of Solms-Braunfels, 11 to the Prince of Solms-Lich, 12 to the Count of Solms-Lich. Laubach and 1 to the Count of Solms-Rödelheim. The places Niederweisel, Hausen and Oes are isolated and are surrounded by parts of the Friedberg district. The district lies, counting the separate places, between 50 ° 21 'and 50 ° 36' north latitude, and between 26 ° 20 'and 26 ° 48' east longitude, and belongs to the greater part of the world and only the southernmost part to the Vogelsberg. The borders are to the north: the districts of Giessen and Grünberg, to the east: the districts of Schotten and Nidda, to the south: the districts of Schotten, Nidda and Friedberg, to the west: the districts of Friedberg and Giessen. "

The natural composition as: “a) Surface and soil: The heights of the Feldkrücker Höhe have their drop towards Hungen. A branch goes through the eastern part of the district, towards Laubach, where the Gaulskopf 989 Hess. Feet (0.25m) high, on the one hand to the Grünberg district, on the other to Munzenberg and Griedel. The height at Grüningen is 1117 Hess. Feet above the surface of the sea. The soil is partly fertile and difficult, but also quite bad, as in Hungen. b) Waters: 1) the Horloff ; 2) the weather . "

The population as: “This is 25,701 souls; among these are 24,706 Evangelicals, 138 Catholics, 36 Mennonites and 821 Jews, who together live in 5 cities, 2 market towns, 35 villages, 2 hamlets and a total of 4,438 houses. "

The natural products as: “811 horses; 90 foals; 64 bulls; 1258 ox; 9317 cows; 1472 cattle; 5739 pigs; 15,225 sheep; 456 goats; 75 donkeys. Wheat, grain, barley and oats; Legumes, a lot of flax, forage herbs and some oats. Iron stone pits are to Inheiden, Nonnenroth and Hungen, whose ores are melted in the Friedrichshütte near Ruppertsburg. The mines at Muschenheim are not in operation because the ores are too low. At Eberstadt there is a mighty lignite store, which is characterized by its wealth of alum, and then one at the Hessenbrücker Hammer near Wetterfeld, whose coals consist of solid bituminous wood and are therefore very large. A rich source of salt is at Oberhörgern, but it is not used, just as the sour water at Trais is only used by the residents. Inheiden and Wohnbach have abundant quarries. Basalt is found near Laubach and Griedel, just like petrified wood and sealing earth that has partly become Elsenminer can be found in the first place. "

The trade and commerce as: “Agriculture and animal husbandry are the main trades . Linen weaving is very popular, especially in Bellersheim, Birklar Grüningen, Hattenrod, Inheiden, Muschenheim, Niederbessingen, Nonnenroth Röthges, Traishorleff, Utphe, Villingen, Wetterfeld, but in most places the weaving is only done in winter. To Freienseen and Lord Bach is Siamoisenweberei underway. The chain is made of linen and the weft is made of cotton. There is also one at Freienseen for cotton and linen yarn. Stocking-makers are at Gambach, and there is a barchent factory at Laubach . Brandeweinbrennerei is very popular in Lich, there are also many brandewineries in Grüningen, Hungen, Langsdorf, etc. In the district there are 2 ironworks, the Friedrichshütte near Ruppertsburg and the Hessenbrücker Hammer near Wetterfeld. The former, an iron smelter, consists of a blast furnace, a Zain hammer and a small hammer, and receives its ores in particular from Inheiden, Nonnenroth and Hungen. The cast iron goods are of excellent beauty. The Hessenbrücker Hammer, consisting of a Staabhammer, obtains the pigs partly from Nassau. There is a paper mill at Oberbessingen. The district can export grain, although some places hardly build such for their own use. Flax, cattle and pigs, fattened as lean, are also export items. Leinwnad, Siamoisen, Barchent, Brandewein, and cast iron go abroad for the most part. The inhabitants of Södel, who for the most part live from trade, and in some cases do not insignificant business in canvas, buy canvas in the whole neighborhood and go to the Frankfurt trade fairs where they sell them. The road from Friedberg to Gründern goes through the middle of the district, namely through the places Södel, Wolfersheim, Utph, Inheiden, Hungen, Nonnenroth and Röthges. From Holzhein a road near Langgöns leads to the main street, which means that the district is connected to the main street as well as to secondary streets of the province. "

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 33, July 20, 1821, pp. 403 ff.
  2. ↑ The new state division and organization of the lower judiciary and administrative authorities - especially in the princely and countess Solms possessions of April 24, 1822. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 15, May 10, 1822, p. 182.
  3. ↑ The new state division and organization of the lower judiciary and administrative authorities - especially in the princely and countess Solms possessions of April 24, 1822. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 15, May 10, 1822, p. 182.
  4. ^ Announcement, the formation of a new district in the province of Upper Hesse, with the abolition of the previous Landrathsbezirks Hungen concerning October 13, 1841. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 35, October 25, 1841, p. 571
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . Volume October 3, 1830, p. 131 ff. ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive )