Nieder-Bessingen

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Nieder-Bessingen
City of Lich
Coordinates: 50 ° 32 ′ 17 ″  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 56 ″  E
Height : 173 m above sea level NHN
Area : 5.3 km²
Residents : 644  (Dec. 2019)
Population density : 122 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 35423
Area code : 06404
Extinguishing water pond in Nieder-Bessingen
Extinguishing water pond in Nieder-Bessingen

Nieder-Bessingen is a district of the core city of Lich in the central Hessian district of Gießen, five kilometers to the southwest .

The village also includes the Albertshöhe weekend settlement as well as the Pein- Mühle , the Mühlsachsen estate and the Hausen desert . Nieder-Bessingen has about 600 inhabitants. The water flowing past the village is the weather .

history

The church of Nieder-Bessingen

Local history

Numerous finds document settlements in the Nieder-Bessingen district as early as the Neolithic period. The bemerkenswertesten pieces, two reichgewunden spiral bracelets and a bracelet made of bronze come from a burial ground from the Bronze Age on the heath Koeppel.

In post-written documents the place is mentioned for 1056 as Bezcingen , 1160 as Bezcingen ; In both cases, Nieder-Bessingen can be recorded as a debtor property at this time . The place name is derived from the ahd. Nickname Bezzo , ie "place of Bezzo". The oldest known original document dates from 1226, in it the sale of the goods of the monastery Spieskappel located in (Nieder-) Bessingen to Countess Adelheid von Ziegenhain , wife of Ulrich I von Münzenberg is certified. This settlement was grouped around the fortified church and the Nassauer Hof. At a later point in time Nieder-Bessingen came into possession of the Wetzlar monastery , for 1268 disputes of the kind are recorded that the von Merlau brothers refused to pay their best main (tax) to Wetzlar. In 1509 the canons of Wetzlar Abbey sold Nieder-Bessingen to Bernhard von Solms , which led to a long-term dispute in the Solms family. The castle of Nieder-Bessingen "jumping into the swampy meadows at the southeast corner of the village boundary", which is mentioned in some of these documents, probably means the Vogthof, which no longer exists today .

Both the Thirty Years' War and the Napoleonic Wars left their mark on the town. At the beginning of the 19th century the sovereign rights were replaced. In the 19th century, Nieder-Bessingen became known for its cucumber cultivation , deliveries to Gießen and Grünberg . In addition, flax cultivation and linen weaving emerged . The Bürstenbinderei hog bristle was listed as a site-based crafts, as well as the Blutegelzucht .

With the extension of the Butzbach-Licher Railway to Grünberg, Nieder-Bessingen received a railway connection in 1908. The aqueduct was built before the First World War and electrification took place at the beginning of the 1920s. With the influx of refugees from eastern Germany after the Second World War , the population increased considerably from 1945 onwards. In 1960 the village community center built with the support of the Hessen Plan was inaugurated.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Nieder-Bessingen was incorporated into the city of Lich on December 31, 1970 on a voluntary basis . For Nieder-Bessingen, as for all districts of Lich, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

History of religion

1315 is under Philip III. von Falkenstein set up an independent parish "because the residents of Bessingen cannot comfortably come to church in winter due to flooding". Until then, a branch of Münster , the community now receives baptismal and burial rights. Nevertheless, church interest has to be paid to Münster. In 1482 the parish belongs to Hungen , from 1504 to the Marienstift in Lich.

School history

Schooling has been documented in Nieder-Bessingen since 1681, until then the children had to go to classes in Villingen (Hungen) , the closest Solms-Braunfels parish and school location.

The school building, which was rebuilt around 1910, has also been a kindergarten for neighboring Ober-Bessingen since the 1970s ; The school location has been Lich since 1970.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Nieder-Bessingen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

  • 1423: At the division of Solms, Count Bernhard receives Nieder-Bessingen; later: Office Hungen
  • before 1742: Holy Roman Empire , County of Solms-Braunfels , (share in the Munzenberg rule ), Hungen office
  • from 1742: Holy Roman Empire, Principality of Solms-Braunfels, (share in the Munzenberg rule), Hungen office
  • from 1806: Grand Duchy of Hesse (through the Rhine Confederation Act ), Upper Duchy of Hesse , Office Hungen (of Prince Solms-Braunfels)
  • from 1815: German Confederation , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse , Office Hungen (of Prince Solms-Braunfels)
  • from 1820: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, Hungen Office ( Patrimonial Court: Hungen Classical Office of Prince Solms-Braunfels)
  • from 1822: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District Hungen (separation between the judiciary ( District Court Hungen ; 1822 the rights of the "civil office of Hungen" were transferred to the District Court, where they were exercised on behalf of the gentlemen) and administration)
  • from 1841: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District of Hungen
  • from 1848: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Friedberg District
  • from 1852: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District of Gießen
  • from 1867: North German Confederation , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District of Gießen
  • from 1871: German Empire , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District of Gießen
  • from 1918: German Empire, People's State of Hesse , Province of Upper Hesse, District of Gießen
  • from 1945: American zone of occupation , Greater Hesse , Darmstadt administrative district, Gießen district
  • from 1949: Federal Republic of Germany , State of Hesse , Darmstadt district, Gießen district
  • December 31, 1970: Nieder-Bessingen is incorporated as a district into the city of Lich.
  • from 1977: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Darmstadt administrative district, Lahn-Dill district
  • from 1976: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Darmstadt district, Gießen district
  • from 1981: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Gießen district, Gießen district

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus from 1806 the “Patrimonial Court of the Princes Solms-Braunfels” in Hungen was responsible for Nieder-Bessingen. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the founding of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. From 1822, the princes of Solms-Braunfels let the Grand Duchy of Hesse exercise their court rights on their behalf. “ Landgericht Hungen ” was therefore the name of the court of first instance that was responsible for Nieder-Bessingen. The prince also waived his right to the second instance, which was exercised by the law firm in Hungen. It was only as a result of the March Revolution in 1848 that the special rights of the civil servants became final with the “Law on the Relationships of Classes and Noble Court Lords” of April 15, 1848 canceled. Niederbessingen was assigned to the district court of Lich on June 1, 1849.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Lich Local Court" and allocation to the district of the regional court of Giessen . On June 1, 1934, the Lich District Court was dissolved and Nieder-Bessingen was assigned to the Gießen District Court . The superordinate instances are now, the regional court Gießen , the higher regional court Frankfurt am Main and the federal court as last instance.

Population development

  • 1961: 352 Protestant and 88 Roman Catholic residents.
Nieder-Bessingen: Population from 1834 to 2019
year     Residents
1834
  
 287
1840
  
 303
1846
  
 348
1852
  
 379
1858
  
 378
1864
  
 353
1871
  
 345
1875
  
 337
1885
  
 352
1895
  
 328
1905
  
 314
1910
  
 327
1925
  
 317
1939
  
 341
1946
  
 518
1950
  
 521
1956
  
 485
1961
  
 444
1967
  
 438
1970
  
 447
1988
  
 544
2008
  
 640
2011
  
 576
2015
  
 597
2019
  
 644
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1970 :; 1988-2008 :; after 2011: City of Lich; 2011 census

In 1961 the following economically active persons were counted: 108 in agriculture and forestry; 82 in manufacturing; 21 in commerce, transport and communications; 26 in the service sector or other trade.

Culture and sights

village life

Events and elections take place in the village community center . In addition to the mixed choir , which has existed for over 50 years, there has been the Nieder-Bessingen volunteer fire brigade since 1897 , whose youth fire brigade and competition group is known nationwide. The competition group has also been internationally active and successful for several years.

Buildings and natural monuments

Friedenslinde in Nieder-Bessingen

Economy and Infrastructure

In the village there is a barbecue hut , a traditional country inn, two guest houses , a kindergarten , a bakery, a car workshop and other small shops.

traffic

Streets

The L 3481 results of Lich Coming through the opened bypass 6 October 2010, the neighboring passing farther northeast toward two kilometers to the village Ober-Bessingen and thus forms the main road, in the direction of casting . Another road leads south to Langsdorf or Nonnenroth .

Public transport

After the railway station in Nieder-Bessingen was closed in the 1970s and the railway line closed, there are only bus routes in the direction of Lich − Gießen and Grünberg − Laubach − Schotten from the RKH and the BLE . There are also several school buses to Lich (Dietrich-Bonhöffer-Schule, Selma-Lagerlöf-Schule), Grünberg (Theo-Koch-Schule) and a small extra bus for the kindergarten children from Ober-Bessingen.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Nieder-Bessingen, district of Gießen. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 15, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Lich profile. In: website. City of Lich, archived from the original ; accessed in January 2019 .
  3. ^ History of Nieder-Bessingen at www.nieder-bessingen.net
  4. ^ Incorporation of communities into the city of Lich, district of Gießen from January 6, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 141 , point 174 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
  5. ↑ Karl-Heinz Meier barley, Karl Reinhard Hinkel: Hesse. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation . Ed .: Hessian Minister of the Interior. Bernecker, Melsungen 1977, DNB  770396321 , OCLC 180532844 , p. 303 .
  6. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 95 kB) § 4. In: Website. City of Lich, accessed August 2020 .
  7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 21, 438 ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 424 ( online at Google Books ).
  11. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  12. ↑ Theodor Hartleben (Ed.): General German Justice, Camera and Police Fama, Volume 2, Part 1 . Johann Andreas Kranzbühler, 1832, p. 271 ( online at Google Books ).
  13. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  14. ↑ Announcement, changes in the district division of the Hungen and Lich regional courts on April 16, 1849 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. p. 186)
  15. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  16. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  17. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 364 .
  18. ^ " Heimatbuch der Stadt Lich", Stadtverwaltung Lich
  19. ↑ Lich profile (2011-2015). In: website. City of Lich, archived from the original ; accessed in February 2019 .
  20. ↑ Lich profile (from 2015). In: website. City of Lich, archived from the original ; accessed in February 2019 .
  21. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  22. ↑ Mixed choir at www.nieder-bessingen.net
  23. ↑ Nieder-Bessingen volunteer fire brigade
  24. ^ Gießener Allgemeine, Patrick Dehnhardt: Nieder-Bessingen on the way to the world championship. Retrieved October 5, 2017 .