Birklar

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Birklar
City of Lich
Birklar coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 44 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 50 ″  E
Height : 193 m above sea level NHN
Area : 4.57 km²
Residents : 686  (Dec 2018)
Population density : 150 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 35423
Area code : 06404
The former school building
The former school building

Birklar is one of nine districts of the city of Lich in the central Hessian district of Gießen .

Geographical location

Birklar is on the northern edge of the Wetterau , at the foothills of the Taunus to the Vogelsberg . This ridge, which hardly rises from the terrain, allows a wide view at its highest points: in the west over the Munzenberg Castle to Butzbach , in the east laterally into the Vogelsberg. The village lies in a side valley of the Wetter .

history

Limes course in the Wetterau

Towards the end of the 1st century AD, the Roman Empire established a first fortified border, the Limes , against the Germanic Chatti . This fortification was part of the Upper German-Raetian Limes . The Limes reached its last expansion phase around 200, before it was abandoned around 260 AD. A section of the Wetterau Limes can still be seen today in the Birklar district .

middle Ages

The oldest known mention Birklars found in the Lorsch codex and dated to 791 "in Birchinlare (Birchenlare) marca" and in ". Birkenlare marca" Walthelm gave 791 the Lorsch Abbey in the possession of Albert in the Birklarer Mark twelve Tagwerke farmland, also in the same year from the possession of Frunolf in the Birklarer and Muschenheimer Mark a total of 30 daily works to the monastery. The Frunolf mentioned in the donation was “a small landlord.” His mother's name was Adelwiz.

The place name is said to derive from "birch". In contrast, the more recent name research relates the ending “Lar” in Birchenlare and Birkenlare to names of waters as in Larbach , mentioned in 775.

Domination

In the High Middle Ages, the lords of the place were the Counts of Falkenstein , who inherited most of the property of the Reichsministeriale von Hagen-Munzenberg in 1255.

The Counts of Hanau were also among the heirs of the von Hagen-Münzenberg family . Reinhard von Hanau was married to Adelheid von Münzenberg . Reinhard and his close relative Engelhard von Weinsberg allowed Johann von Gridel , called "Birgenschild," in 1265 to sell their fief , a hoof to manure , to a citizen of Wetzlar . For this he gave a hoof to Birklar.

In 1335 Johann von Birklar had a hoof as a Falkensteiner fief.

The Marienstift Lich gave 1349 Philipp the Elder of Falkenstein-Münzenberg 500 pounds Heller for an annual Gülte from the Bede the Court to Muschenheim, Bettenhausen , Birklar and weather. The deserted weather lies in the Muschenheim district.

In 1357 Philipp the Elder von Falkenstein allowed his Licher Burgmann Dietrich von Muschenheim to lend his property to Muschenheim and Birklar as a country settlement. These country settlements were Falkenstein not compulsory.

After the last Falkensteiner, Count Werner von Falkenstein , died as Archbishop of Trier in 1418, Birklar fell into the possession of the Counts of Solms in 1423 .

When the Counts of Solms were divided, Birklar came to Count Bernhard zu Solms-Braunfels . An exemption from 1434 by the Counts of Solms and von Eppstein affected the farms and settlements of the Arnsburg monastery in Birklar, Bellersheim , Utphe , Muschenheim and other places from all services, taxes and duties. The conventional services were excluded.

Solmische feudal people were the Stürzelsheim von Bellersheim . The brothers Kraft and Henne von Bellersheim in 1440 received from Count Johann von Solms, among other things, the bailiwicks of Bettenhausen and a hoof land of Birklar.

Property of the Arnsburg Monastery

In 1198 the Arnsburg monastery in Dorf-Güll acquired three hooves with the consent of Kunos von Hagen-Münzenberg and other liege lords. This also included the buildings on the hooves. The Dorf-Güller farmers were transferred to other estates in Obbornhofen , Wetter and Birklar.

The Falkensteiners sold their goods in Birklar to the Arnsburg monastery in 1269. In 1282 the monastery of Ulrich I (Hanau) and his wife, Countess Elisabeth von Rieneck , acquired their heir, the Hard forest near Birklar.

In the following years the monastery continued its acquisitions in Birklar and the surrounding area. In 1287, with the permission of von Falkenstein, it bought a farm with six Huben from Konrad, called Hobeman de Birklar, and in the same place owned by Bertold von Wetter.

Further sales to the Arnsburg monastery took place in 1308, 1311, 1334 and 1337/38, 1340, 1357 and 1398. The sellers were all knights from the area who were wealthy in Birklar.

Modern times

The Thirty Years' War did not leave Birklar without a trace, much fell victim to looting, the residents suffered from billeting and contributions .

Around 1720, a linen weaver's guild was established in the village and with it professions such as spinners and weavers .

Until the end of the Holy Roman Empire , Birklar belonged to the Principality of Solms-Braunfels.

Between 1780 and 1810 various bands of robbers marauded in Upper Hesse , some of them having their camp in the village. The local Johannes Müller, called the Birklarer Schneider or Grabenschneider, belonged to the Vogelsberg gang . Müller was involved with other robbers in a break-in in Södel , in the robbery of a carter in Laasphe and in an attempted street robbery near Munzenberg with Ludwig Funk and Martin Knaus . He was executed in Marburg in the spring of 1812 . The robber Gilbert Eller, who was executed by the sword in Marburg in December 1812, also came from Birklar.

The connection to the electricity succeeded before the First World War , in 1912 the construction of the water pipeline followed. In 1904 the place got a connection to the Butzbach-Licher railway ; the line was shut down in the 1960s and public buses have been running ever since .

As a result of the influx of refugees from the eastern German territories as a result of World War II , the number of inhabitants increased considerably from 1945 onwards.

The sewer system , started in 1930, was finished in 1959, after which all roads were paved. The Hessian Prime Minister Georg-August Zinn came as the guest of honor to the ceremonial handover of this road expansion in 1960 . In 1965, a village community center was built with funds from the Hessen Plan , and in 1966 the community of Birklar was awarded the Freiherr vom Stein plaque of the State of Hesse on the occasion of its 1175 anniversary celebration for outstanding achievements .

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Birklar was incorporated into the city of Lich on December 31, 1970 on a voluntary basis . For a Birklar as for all districts local district with the town council and mayor set up.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Birklar was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the "Patrimonial Court of the Princes Solms-Braunfels" in Hungen was responsible for Birklar from 1806. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the founding of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. From 1822, the princes of Solms-Braunfels let the Grand Duchy of Hesse exercise their court rights on their behalf. “ Landgericht Hungen ” was therefore the name of the court of first instance that was also responsible for Birklar. The prince also waived his right to the second instance, which was exercised by the law firm in Hungen. It was only as a result of the March Revolution in 1848 that the special rights of the civil servants became final with the “Law on the Relationships of Classes and Noble Court Lords” of April 15, 1848 canceled. With the reorganization of the judicial districts in the province of Upper Hesse with effect from October 15, 1853, Birklar was added to the Lich district court .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Lich Local Court" and allocation to the district of the regional court of Giessen . On June 1, 1934, the Lich District Court was dissolved and Birklar was assigned to the Gießen District Court . The superordinate instances are now, the regional court Gießen , the higher regional court Frankfurt am Main and the federal court as last instance.

School system

There was a school in Birklar as early as the 17th century: For 1850, the pastor at the time, Karl Christian Friedrich, noted “1. a new one-story school hall from 1842 [note: on the right in front of the church], (...), 3. an old school building, which (...) is opposite the school hall. ” - The current“ former ”school was in the Built in 1904/05. It was taught in it until 1969, after which the building was sold. The primary school children have been taught in Langsdorf since then , and the pupils from the 5th grade onwards since 1960 in the central school in Lich (Dietrich Bonhoeffer School).

Land use

  • 1854: Tomorrow : 1765, of which 1539 were fields, 95 meadows, 131 forests.
  • 1961: Hectares : 457, of which 28 are forest.

Population development

Birklar: Population from 1830 to 2018
year     Residents
1830
  
 344
1834
  
 390
1840
  
 430
1846
  
 478
1852
  
 493
1858
  
 407
1864
  
 418
1871
  
 457
1875
  
 421
1885
  
 436
1895
  
 490
1905
  
 486
1910
  
 483
1925
  
 489
1939
  
 447
1946
  
 643
1950
  
 669
1956
  
 583
1961
  
 575
1967
  
 540
1970
  
 544
1988
  
 563
2008
  
 708
2011
  
 689
2015
  
 681
2018
  
 686
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1970 :; 1988-2008 :; after 2010: City of Lich

In 1961 the following labor force was counted: 170 in agriculture and forestry; 102 in manufacturing; 23 in commerce, transport and communications; 21 in the service sector or other trade.

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1830: 341 Protestant, one Roman Catholic and two Jewish residents
• 1961: 503 Protestant and 69 Roman Catholic residents

religion

For the first time a church building in Birklar is recorded in 1313, and from 1323 an independent parish existed .

The Reformation was introduced shortly after the mid-16th century. Philipp Liebrich von Kröftelbach was the first Protestant pastor of Muschenheim and Birklar, who were already "organized into a parish" back then.

The dilapidated church is demolished in 1818, in its place the former library building of the secularized Arnsburg monastery is demolished and moved to Birklar. Only the church tower was rebuilt. It is said to have been financially unsound, "only half of that capital was used to pay for the actual church building, but the rest was consumed in an unauthorized manner," says the chronicle. Of the three bronze bells acquired in 1819 , two had to be donated as metal during the First World War ; Today's bells are made of steel bells from 1920.

coat of arms

Description : In gold (yellow) with a red shield head, three blue birch leaves in a three-pass. The coat of arms is based on that of the gentlemen of Munzenberg supplemented by the birch leaves as a reference (talking coat of arms) to the name of the place.

Culture and sights

church

The Protestant Church
  • Evangelical Church Birklar . Former baroque library building of the Arnsburg monastery; after its secularization in 1818, moved to Birklar as a church building and rebuilt there in a slightly different form in the classicism style .

societies

  • Choral society Harmonie Birklar, founded in 1855
  • Birklar volunteer fire brigade, founded in 1895
  • Sports community Germania 1946, founded in 1946
  • Friends of the Birklar Community, founded in 2013

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Birklar, District of Giessen. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of November 11, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Lich profile. (No longer available online.) In: Website. City of Lich, archived from the original ; accessed in January 2019 .
  3. ^ Karl Glöckner, Codex Laureshamensis 3, Darmstadt 1929–1936, reprint 1963. Vol. III; No. 2945 = 3757b and No. 2946 = 3758b.
  4. ↑ Jürgen Steen, Kings and nobility in the early medieval settlement, social and agricultural history in the Wetterau. Studies on the relationship between land acquisition and continuity using the example of a peripheral landscape of the Merovingian Empire , Ffm 1979 = writings of the Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main XIV, p. 155, 179 f, 182.
  5. ↑ Jürgen Stehen, Königum und Adel, p. 180.
  6. ^ Heinrich Reimer , document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Part 1. Leipzig 1891, No. 399.
  7. ↑ Anette Löffler: The Lords and Counts of Falkenstein (Taunus): Studies on territorial and property history, on imperial political position and on the genealogy of a leading ministerial family; 1255-1418. (Sources and research on Hessian history 99), Darmstadt 1994. ISBN 3-88443-188-9 , Bd. No. 845.
  8. ^ Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner , The desertions in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse. Darmstadt 1854, p. 167.
  9. ^ Friedrich Battenberg , Solms documents. Regesta on the document holdings and copies of the Counts and Princes of Solms in the State Archives Darmstadt (Departments B 9 and F 24 B), in the Count's Archives in Laubach and in the Princely Archives in Lich. 1131-1913. Vol. 1–5, Darmstadt 1981–1986. Vol. 1, No. 283, 346.
  10. ^ Friedrich Uhlhorn , History of the Counts of Solms in the Middle Ages, Marburg 1931, p. 400.
  11. ^ Ludwig Baur, document book of the Arnsburg monastery in the Wetterau. Issue 3. Darmstadt 1851, No. 2, 122.
  12. ^ Heinrich Reimer, Document Book Hanau I, No. 611.
  13. ^ Friedrich Ludwig Adolph Grolman, history of the Vogelsberg and Wetterau robber gangs and several criminals associated with them. In addition to personal description of many thieves and robbers scattered throughout the German dialect; With a copper plaque, which shows the faithful portraits of 16 main criminals. Giessen 1813, pp. 18, 270, 475.
  14. ↑ Schwencken, p. 554.
  15. ↑ K.-H. Gerstenmeier: Hessen. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation. Melsungen 1977, p. 303. DNB 770396321
  16. ↑ City committees. In: website. City of Lich, accessed February 2019 .
  17. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  18. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  19. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 21st f., 438 ( online at google books ).
  20. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 424 ( online at Google Books ).
  21. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  22. ↑ Theodor Hartleben (Ed.): General German Justice, Camera and Police Fama, Volume 2, Part 1 . Johann Andreas Kranzbühler, 1832, p. 271 ( online at Google Books ).
  23. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  24. ↑ Announcement of April 15, 1853, regarding:
    1) the repeal of the Großkarben and Rödelheim regional courts, and the establishment of new regional courts in Darmstadt, Waldmichelbach, Vilbel and Altenstadt, and also the relocation of the regional court seat from Altenschlirf to Herbstein;
    2) the future composition of the city and regional court districts in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse. (Hess. Reg.Bl. pp. 221–230)
  25. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  26. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  27. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 364 .
  28. ^ Home book of the city of Lich; City administration of Lich.
  29. ↑ Lich profile (2011-2015). (No longer available online.) In: Website. City of Lich, archived from the original ; accessed in February 2019 .
  30. ↑ Lich profile (from 2015). (No longer available online.) In: Website. City of Lich, archived from the original ; accessed in February 2019 .
  31. ^ Wilhelm Diehl , Reformation Book of the Protestant Parishes of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Friedberg 1917, p. 358.