Bellersheim

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Bellersheim
City of Hungen
Coat of arms of Bellersheim
Coordinates: 50 ° 27 ′ 12 ″  N , 8 ° 50 ′ 26 ″  E
Height : 161  (148–179)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.89 km²
Residents : 1016  (June 30, 2018)
Population density : 114 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Postal code : 35410
Area code : 06402

Bellersheim is a district of Hungen in the central Hessian district of Gießen .

geography

Munzenberger Strasse
Entrance to the upper castle
The remains of the central castle
Courtyard entrance to the former lower castle in Bellersheim. Castle wall with loopholes and explanation board, manor house on the right

Bellersheim is located in the northern Wetterau on the western edge of a lowland, which drains with a slight slope to the east to Horloff, five kilometers away . The Sachsensee lies on the eastern edge of the village . This is a recultivated open- cast brown coal mine . The municipal area is 889 hectares , of which 190 hectares are wooded on the heights west to north of the locality. The highest point here is 220 meters.

history

Burial mounds from the Bronze Age that still exist today show the previous use of the settlement area. The location in the Altsiedelland , on the northern edge of the fertile Wetterau, justifies the assumption that the square has been used since the Neolithic Age . From Roman times there are still the remains of a villa rustica in the Markwald Bellersheim, district "Streuben." Tiles from the 13th century were also found here.

First mention

The "Baltratisheimer marca" was mentioned for the first time in the year 769 in the Lorsch Codex . Other mentions of Bellersheim in this manuscript are the villa Baldradesheim (774) and Baldrisheim marca, in (780). The neighboring towns of Wohnbach and Obbornhofen were first mentioned at the same time . The monastery Lorsch was 769-774 twelve private donations in Bellersheim.

Later names in mentions were (in brackets the year of the mention):

  • Beldersheim, de (1220)
  • Beldirshein, from (1341)
  • Bellersheim, from (1361)

In the Middle Ages there were three castle seats , the Bellersheimer castles , in the north and west of the historic village. The lower aristocratic family of the Lords von Bellersheim , which later branched out into several lines , probably had their ancestral seat there.

In the late Middle Ages the place Rehborn, which was in today's Bellersheim district, went desolate .

In the east, on the edge of the historic village center, stands the Evangelical Church (Bellersheim) , built in the 13th century .

Office Hungen

Count Wilhelm Moritz von Greifenstein , who later called himself again after the Braunfels line, had ruled the entire office of Hungen since 1693. Around 1700 the Hungen office included the villages of Bellersheim, Bettenhausen, Birklar , Muschenheim , Nonnenroth , Röthges and Villingen , all of which were compulsory except Langsdorf . In the period from 1705 to 1719, the inhabitants of the place and the other villages of the Hungen office took part in a rebellion against the Solms-Braunfels authorities.

A major cause of these conflicts was the poor economic situation of the largely rural population. Despite good arable land in the southern locations of the office, the people were poor and forced to do secondary trades. In 1826, 20 of the 92 households in Bellersheim were also living from linen weaving . This situation was not significantly different in the 18th century either. The average farm size z. At the time of the uprising in Bellersheim was 2.57 hectares. Within a period of more than 100 years (1710-1825) the number of households in the village grew by only two.

This situation was exacerbated by the fact that Count Wilhelm Moritz had "an elaborate court". In order to finance this, the taxes to be paid in cash, especially the service fee , were increased significantly. The leader of the Bellersheimers, Johann Heinrich Kempf, belonged to the third tax class and had to pay 16 fl annually, which his court did not discard.

At the beginning of 1715, Bellersheim joined the places that filed a complaint with the Reichshofrat in Vienna. The authorities exacerbated the situation with pressure such as the forced recruitment of lay judges and exclusion from the Lord's Supper. After Count Wilhelm Moritz had been strengthened by a resolution of the Reichshofrat, he tried to carry out compulsory seizures by soldiers, but these failed due to the resistance of the population in Bellersheim and other places. As the Hungen country militia slowly disbanded, the Wölfersheim office was deployed, but was put to flight on November 26, 1716 near Nieder-Bessingen , whereupon it was reinforced with soldiers from Braunfels, but four days later by all farmers of the Office Hungen near Birklar and Muschenheim chased out of office.

20th century

On Christmas Eve 1944 at around 3 p.m., the village was attacked by US Air Force bombers. Two squadrons with 26 machines dropped a total of 41.8 tons of bombs. 13 people died in this attack. The attack of these two squadrons was actually intended to target Harb airfield near Nidda .

In the course of administrative reform in Hesse until then independent municipality Bellersheim was in the small town of Hungen on 1 January 1977. virtue of state law incorporated . For Bellersheim, as for all parts of the village, a local district with a local advisory board and mayor was set up.

Religions

In the middle of the 16th century the Reformation was able to prevail. The first Protestant pastor was Philipp Landvogt (1565) -1570. After that, only a few Roman Catholic Christians settled in the village. The denominational composition of the inhabitants changed significantly after the Second World War, when many displaced persons and refugees found a new home here.

Jews lived in Bellersheim until they were destroyed in the Holocaust. Together with the Jews in Wohnbach and Obbornhofen, an Israelite community was formed with a common synagogue in Obbornhofen. The Jewish cemetery is still there today. In the 19th century, the community had a Jewish school in Wohnbach.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Bellersheim was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

  • before 1742: Holy Roman Empire , County of Solms-Braunfels , (share in the Munzenberg rule ), Hungen office
  • from 1742: Holy Roman Empire, Principality of Solms-Braunfels, (share in the Munzenberg rule), Hungen office
  • from 1806: Grand Duchy of Hesse (through the Rhine Confederation Act ), Upper Duchy of Hesse , Office Hungen (of Prince Solms-Braunfels)
  • from 1815: German Confederation , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse , Office Hungen (of Prince Solms-Braunfels)
  • from 1820: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, Hungen Office ( Patrimonial Court: Hungen Classical Office of Prince Solms-Braunfels)
  • from 1822: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District Hungen (separation between the judiciary ( District Court Hungen ; 1822 the rights of the "civil office of Hungen" were transferred to the District Court, where they were exercised on behalf of the gentlemen) and administration)
  • from 1841: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District of Hungen
  • from 1848: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Friedberg District
  • from 1852: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, Nidda district
  • from 1867: North German Confederation , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, Nidda district
  • from 1871: German Empire , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, Nidda district
  • from 1874: German Empire, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, District of Gießen
  • from 1918: German Empire, People's State of Hesse , Province of Upper Hesse, District of Gießen
  • from 1937: German Empire, People's State of Hesse, Gießen district
  • from 1945: American zone of occupation , Greater Hesse , Darmstadt administrative district, Gießen district
  • from 1949: Federal Republic of Germany , State of Hesse , Darmstadt administrative district, Gießen district
  • on January 1, 1977 Bellersheim was incorporated as a district after Hungen.
  • from 1977: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Darmstadt administrative district, Lahn-Dill district
  • from 1979: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Darmstadt district, Gießen district
  • from 1981: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Gießen district, Gießen district

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the "Patrimonial Court of the Princes Solms-Braunfels" in Hungen was responsible for Bellersheim from 1806. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. From 1822, the princes of Solms-Braunfels let the Grand Duchy of Hesse exercise their court rights on their behalf. “ Landgericht Hungen ” was therefore the name of the court of first instance that was responsible for Bellersheim. The prince also waived his right to the second instance, which was exercised by the law firm in Hungen. It was only as a result of the March Revolution in 1848 that the special rights of the civil servants became final with the “Law on the Relationships of Classes and Noble Court Lords” of April 15, 1848 canceled.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Hungen Local Court" and allocation to the district of the regional court of Giessen .

On June 1, 1934, the Hungen District Court was dissolved and Bellersheim was assigned to the district of the Nidda District Court . On January 1, 2012, the district court of Nidda was also dissolved in accordance with the resolution of the Hessian state parliament and Bellersheim went to the district court of Büdingen .

The superordinate instances are now, the regional court Gießen , the higher regional court Frankfurt am Main and the federal court as last instance.

population

Population development

Bellersheim: Population from 1830 to 2015
year     Residents
1830
  
 571
1834
  
 599
1840
  
 590
1846
  
 590
1852
  
 613
1858
  
 642
1864
  
 600
1871
  
 613
1875
  
 604
1885
  
 580
1895
  
 574
1905
  
 635
1910
  
 621
1925
  
 639
1939
  
 624
1946
  
 952
1950
  
 995
1956
  
 901
1961
  
 896
1967
  
 896
1971
  
 922
1987
  
 965
1991
  
 1,059
1999
  
 1,083
2005
  
 1,084
2011
  
 1.005
2015
  
 1,023
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; after 1970 city of Hungen; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1830: 546 Protestant, 3 Roman Catholic, 22 Jewish residents
• 1885: 577 Protestant, 6 Roman Catholic residents
• 1961: 729 Protestant, 161 Roman Catholic residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961: Labor force: 191 agriculture and forestry, 176 prod. Trade, 42 trade, transport and communication, 45 services and other.

coat of arms

On June 23, 1965, the municipality of Bellersheim in what was then the district of Gießen was given a coat of arms with the following blazon : Underneath a red shield head in a shield split in black and gold, a silver belt with a gold buckle and point running from right to left over a golden stirrup, removed of 7 golden clapboards.

Culture and sights

In Bellersheim, carnival customs are exceptionally cultivated and promoted by the Carneval Club Bellersheim (CCB) and its members.

traffic

In the hit state roads 3131 and 3354. In the southeast, the former Bellersheim-Obbornofen station is the railway line Friedberg mosquito , the "Horlofftalbahn." It was built in 1897. After the route was relocated as a result of the lignite mining, it was not used. A stop was set up some distance from the site in a north-easterly direction, which was used until the railway line was closed. Freight traffic ended on December 31, 1997, passenger traffic on April 4, 2003. Since then, the line from Wölfersheim-Södel station has not been used any more.

Web links

Commons : Bellersheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Bellersheim, district of Gießen. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 19, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Population figures including secondary residences. In: Internet presence. City of Hungen, archived from the original ; accessed in March 2019 .
  3. ↑ Karl Glöckner, Codex Laureshamensis 3, Darmstadt 1929–1936, reprint 1963. No. 3738b.
  4. ↑ Cod. Laur. No. 3359, 1154.
  5. ↑ Ludwig Baur, document book of the Arnsburg monastery in der Wetterau (AUB) booklet 3. Darmstadt 1851. No. 9.
  6. ↑ Wyss, Document Book of the Deutschordens-Ballei 2, No. 701.
  7. ↑ Ludwig Baur, AUB, Volume 3, No. 884:
  8. ^ Werner Troßbach, peasant movements in the Wetterau-Vogelsberg area 1648-1806. Case studies on peasant resistance in the Old Kingdom. = Sources and research on Hessian history. Vol. 52, Darmstadt and Marburg 1985, pp. 48-104.
  9. ↑ Werner Troßbach, Peasant Resistance, pp. 48–52.
  10. ↑ Werner Troßbach, Rural resistance, p. 53.
  11. ^ Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung of November 27, 2009.
  12. ↑ Law on the restructuring of the Dill district, the districts of Gießen and Wetzlar and the city of Gießen (GVBl. II 330–28) of May 13, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 17 , p. 237 ff ., § 8 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  13. ^ Main statute of the city of Hungen. P. 3 , accessed February 2019 .
  14. ^ Hanno Müller, Dieter Bertram, Friedrich Damrath: Jewish families in Hungen and Inheiden, Utphe, Villingen, Obbornhofen, Bellersheim and Wohnbach. Hungen 2009.
  15. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  16. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  17. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 21, 438 ( online at google books ).
  18. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 424 ( online at Google Books ).
  19. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  20. ↑ Law on the repeal of the provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen from April 1, 1937 . In: The Reichsstatthalter in Hessen Sprengler (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1937 no.  8 , p. 121 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 11.2 MB ]).
  21. ↑ Theodor Hartleben (Ed.): General German Justice, Camera and Police Fama, Volume 2, Part 1 . Johann Andreas Kranzbühler, 1832, p. 271 ( online at Google Books ).
  22. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  23. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  24. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  25. ↑ Act to change the organizational rules of the court (Article 1.1, Section 3 c)) of September 16, 2011 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2011 No. 17 , p. 409 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 574 kB ]). Refers to the law on the seat and the district of the courts of ordinary jurisdiction and the public prosecutor's offices (Judicial Organization Act) (GVBl. I p. 98) of February 1, 2005 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2005 No. 5 , p. 98 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 235 kB ]).
  26. ↑ > Population: 1999–2007 ; 1971-2015 with secondary apartments (HWS corrected by 30)
  27. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  28. ↑ approval of a coat of arms of the community Bellersheim, district Giessen, Darmstadt Region on 23 June 1965 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1965 no. 28 , p. 799 , point 679 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.2 MB ]).