Hessenplan
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The Hessenplan was a comprehensive development program for housing, social affairs, culture, education, economy and transport in Hessen, drawn up by Prime Minister Georg-August Zinn (SPD) from 1951 onwards .
Starting position
The newly formed state of Hesse after the Second World War - initially Greater Hesse - faced numerous problems:
- Administrative merger of the former states.
- Reconstruction of the destroyed cities and infrastructure facilities,
- Integration of the numerous expellees from the German eastern regions and their provision of living space and jobs. Until 1948, the rural areas offered refugees accommodation and food in exchange for working in agriculture; after the currency reform , unemployment quickly became apparent in the countryside, as many farmers did not pay the refugees proper wages for unskilled labor. In order to combat unemployment in rural areas, additional jobs had to be created near the homes of the displaced, along with suitable living space. This measure became all the more urgent because Hesse was supposed to accept additional displaced persons from Schleswig-Holstein , Lower Saxony and Bavaria as part of the federal resettlement, so that on October 1, 1952 17.3% of the Hessian population (= 763,100 people) came from the former German eastern regions .
- Development and expansion of the infrastructure in rural areas.
In hardly any other of the newly founded federal states was the gap between town and country as great as in Hesse, which was still relatively poor.
The model for the Hessen Plan was the so-called Schlüchtern Plan from 1949, set up as an experiment by the Standing Committee for Self-Help, which was represented by representatives of organizations such as B. cooperatives , trade unions , savings banks , housing authorities and welfare associations belonged. Within a short time, 453 permanent jobs and 220 apartments were created in the Schlüchtern district.
The Hessen plan from 1951
The planned goals formulated in cooperation with the State Planning Office and the State Labor Office, presented in September 1950 under the title "The Basic Thoughts of the Hessen Plan", were:
- Relocation of around 100,000 people from areas with high unemployment to communities with more favorable labor market conditions,
- Creation of 25,000 new jobs for displaced persons in structurally weak rural areas,
- Establishment of 3,000 agricultural settlement sites.
Prime Minister Zinn presented the concrete form in his government statement of January 10, 1951.
Organizationally, the Hessenplan built on broad cooperation and initiative of the municipalities and residents - land consolidation procedures , the designation of residential and commercial sites, low property prices and personal contributions in the construction sector as well as the establishment of lost commercial and industrial companies from the ranks of the refugees and thus an improvement in the Care for everyone.
The financial basis for many promotional measures were mainly federal measures, such as the Emergency Aid Act (Act to alleviate social emergencies) of 1949, which was replaced in 1953 by the Federal Expellees Act and the Burden Equalization Act.
A supportive factor was that in 1950 a federal plan for the integration of the displaced was drafted. Although the plan was not implemented, it provided basic data and an overview of the measures planned in the individual countries.
The Great Hesse Plan of 1965
Due to the success of the Hessen Plan, the Great Hessen Plan came into force on April 26, 1965 as the successor. He put the focus on the expansion of the infrastructure in rural areas, such as the construction of new schools, sports facilities, town houses, village community centers, etc.
literature
- Helma Brunck and Werner Wolf (eds.): Economy, welfare, miracles. Everyday life in Hesse 1956–1961 . Frankfurt / Main and Leipzig 1992.
- Wolfram Döpp: On the population structure and change in Hesse . o. O., 1960.
- Hans Friebertshäuser: Rural areas in transition. Dialect and village life in Hessen (Die Hessen-Bibliothek). Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main and Leipzig 1993, ISBN 3-458-16521-5 .
- Dirk van Laak : Myth "Hessenplan": The rise and change of state planning after the Second World War. In: Wendelin Strubelt, Detlef Briesen (ed.): Spatial planning after 1945. Continuities and new beginnings in the Federal Republic of Germany. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / M. and New York 2015, pp. 127-149.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Beth Burchard: The Schluechtern Plan . In: Office of the US High Commissioner for Germany (Ed.): Information Bulletin , 1950, July, pp. 7-10, ISSN 1865-6471