Grüningen (Pohlheim)

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Grüningen
City of Pohlheim
Grüningen coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 27 ″  N , 8 ° 43 ′ 51 ″  E
Height : 238  (223-252)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 7.64 km²
Residents : 1486  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 195 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 35415
Area code : 06403
Ruins of the windmill from 1713
Part of the castle ruins
Theft with parts of the city wall

Grüningen is a district of the city of Pohlheim in the central Hessian district of Gießen .

Geographical location

Grüningen is located on the Upper German Limes on the edge of the Wetterau in Central Hesse at 280.5  m above sea level. NHN high Wartberg. Two historic streets meet in Grüningen , namely the Wine Route and the Short Hesse . Today the state road 3132 runs through the village.

history

The oldest surviving mention of the village as Gruningen can be found in the Lorsch Codex and dates to May 3, 799. In 1394, Grüningen Castle was named. It disintegrated around 1600.

In the middle of the 15th century Grüningen was temporarily the official seat, in 1548 and later it belonged to the Butzbach office , and in 1787 to the Principality of Solms-Braunfels , where it was administered as the Grüningen office.

From the 17th century until the 1930s there was a Jewish community in Grüningen with its own cemetery . In 1669 the Grüninger Church was rebuilt, which was burned down in 1634 during the Thirty Years War along with the whole city (except for four houses). The town hall was built in 1685 and the windmill in 1713 , which was in ruins in 1794. In the Seven Years' War there was a battle near Grüningen in 1762 .

With the Rhine Confederation Act of 1806, state sovereignty over the Principality of Solms-Braunfels fell to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The Grand Duchy also incorporated Grüningen into the Principality of Upper Hesse (from 1816: "Province of Upper Hesse"). This was done with the restriction that the prince retained the rank of landlord and he continued to exercise sovereign rights in administration and jurisdiction in his principality . For this purpose, the office of Hungen was created, to which Grüningen now belonged.

From 1820 there were administrative reforms in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. In 1821, jurisdiction and administration were separated at the lower level and all offices were dissolved. For the previously perceived by the offices administrative tasks were district districts created for the first-instance jurisdiction district courts. The time had come for Grüningen in 1822 as well: With the Highest Resolution of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of April 24, 1822, the former Princely Solms-Braunfeld Office of Hungen was dissolved and its administrative tasks were transferred to the newly formed District Hungen , whose tasks in the jurisdiction of the Hungen District Court transfer.

In 1841 the district of Hungen was renamed " Kreis Hungen ". The March Revolution caused the next restructuring in 1848: The districts were abolished and Grüningen was now part of the newly created Friedberg administrative district . But that only lasted four years, because the reaction revised the reform of 1848 in 1852. Grüningen now came to the district of Gießen .

The school dates from 1907.

The singing and gymnasium existed from 1923 to 1983, which then had to give way to the Limeshalle, which was inaugurated on November 28, 1986.

The municipality of Pohlheim was founded on December 31, 1970 as part of the regional reform in Hesse through the voluntary amalgamation of the municipalities of Dorf-Güll , Garbenteich , Grüningen, Hausen , Holzheim and Watzenborn-Steinberg . For Grüningen, as for the other former municipalities of Pohlheim, a local district with a local advisory council and local councilor was formed according to the Hessian municipal code.

Historical forms of names

In documents that have been received, Grüningen was mentioned under the following names (the year it was mentioned in brackets):

  • Gruningen, in (799) [2. Half of the XII century, Codex Laureshamensis III, No. 2968 = 3763c]
  • Gruoninger marca (799) [2. Half of the XII century, Codex Laureshamensis III, No. 2968 = 3763c]
  • Gruningen, in (807/17) [2. Half of the XII century, Codex Eberhardi 1 II p. 213 = Dronke, Traditiones Capitulum 42 No. 190]
  • Gruninge in or de (1247) [Document book of the Arnsburg monastery 3, no. 52]
  • Grünyngen ... Grynygen, zu (1459) [Baur, Hessische Urkunden 4, Nr. 190]

Territorial history and administration

The following list shows the territories in which Grüningen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate at a glance:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus from 1806 the “Patrimonial Court of the Princes Solms-Braunfels” in Grüningen was responsible for Grüningen. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. From 1822, the princes of Solms-Braunfels let the Grand Duchy of Hesse exercise their court rights on their behalf. “ Landgericht Hungen ” was therefore the name of the court of first instance that was responsible for Grüningen. The prince also waived his right to the second instance, which was exercised by the law firm in Hungen. It was only as a result of the March Revolution in 1848 that the special rights of the civil servants became final with the “Law on the Relationships of Classes and Noble Court Lords” of April 15, 1848 canceled. With the reorganization of the judicial districts in the province of Upper Hesse with effect from October 15, 1853, Grüningen came to the Lich district court .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Lich Local Court" and allocation to the district of the regional court of Giessen . With effect from April 1, 1913, the community of Grüningen was assigned to the district court of Gießen . In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Regional Court of Giessen , the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

Population development

Grüningen: Population from 1830 to 1967
year     Residents
1830
  
 541
1834
  
 567
1840
  
 591
1846
  
 628
1852
  
 677
1858
  
 700
1864
  
 701
1871
  
 709
1875
  
 731
1885
  
 757
1895
  
 727
1905
  
 732
1910
  
 714
1925
  
 737
1939
  
 776
1946
  
 1,170
1950
  
 1,164
1956
  
 1.108
1961
  
 1,128
1967
  
 1,185
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1830: 533 Protestant, 8 Jewish residents
• 1961: 874 Protestant, 237 Roman Catholic residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961: Labor force: 197 agriculture and forestry, 241 prod. Trade, 63 trade, traffic and communication, 67 services and other.

Culture and sights

Buildings

See also: List of cultural monuments in Grüningen

  • Grüningen Castle, ruins of a moated castle from the 12th to 13th centuries.
  • Evangelical church with the oldest parts from the 12th century.
  • Diebsturm , fortification tower of the city wall from the 1530s.
  • Grüninger Warte , ruins of a windmill built in 1713, which is now used as a lookout tower .

literature

Web links

Commons : Grüningen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Grüningen, Gießen district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of November 8, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Numbers and dates. Population structure. (No longer available online.) In: Website. City of Pohlheim, archived from the original on April 16, 2019 ; accessed in April 2019 .
  3. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  4. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 5), Certificate 2968, May 3, 799 - Reg. 22662. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 41 , accessed on May 7, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Grüningen, District of Giessen . In: LAGIS : Historical local dictionary ; As of January 25, 2019.
  6. ↑ Art. 24 Rhine Confederation Act .
  7. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 33 of July 20, 1821, pp. 403ff.
  8. ^ The new regional division and organization of the lower-level judiciary and administrative authorities - especially concerning the princely and countless Solms possessions . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette No. 15 of May 10, 1822, p. 182.
  9. ↑ Amalgamation of communities to form the community "Pohlheim", district of Gießen on January 6, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 140 , point 165 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
  10. ↑ Karl-Heinz Meier barley, Karl Reinhard Hinkel: Hesse. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation . Ed .: Hessian Minister of the Interior. Bernecker, Melsungen 1977, DNB  770396321 , OCLC 180532844 , p. 307 .
  11. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 97 kB) § 6. In: Website. Municipality of Pohlheim, accessed August 2020 .
  12. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  13. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  14. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 21st f., 438 ( online at google books ).
  15. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 424 ( online at Google Books ).
  16. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  17. ↑ Law on the repeal of the provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen from April 1, 1937 . In: The Reichsstatthalter in Hessen Sprengler (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1937 no.  8 , p. 121 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 11.2 MB ]).
  18. ↑ Theodor Hartleben (Ed.): General German Justice, Camera and Police Fama, Volume 2, Part 1 . Johann Andreas Kranzbühler, 1832, p. 271 ( online at Google Books ).
  19. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  20. ↑ Announcement of October 4, 1853,
    1) the repeal of the grand ducal district courts Großkarben and Rödelheim, and the establishment of new district courts in Vilbel and Altenstadt, furthermore the relocation of the district court seat from Altenschlirf to Herbstein;
    2) Concerning the future composition of the district court districts in the province of Upper Hesse. ( Hess. Reg.Bl. pp. 640–641)
  21. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  22. ^ Announcement concerning the formation of the district court districts of Gießen and Lich on March 1, 1913 . In: Grand Ducal Ministry of Justice (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1913 no. 32 , p. 89 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 21,9 MB ]).
  23. ↑ Grüninger Warte on the website of the district of Gießen