Oberamt Lindenfels

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The Oberamt Lindenfels was an administrative district of the Electoral Palatinate from 1737/39 to 1803 with its seat in Lindenfels in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

history

function

In the Middle Ages and early modern times , offices were a level between the municipalities and the sovereign rulership . The functions of administration and jurisdiction were not separated here. The office was headed by a bailiff who was appointed by the rulers.

Electoral Palatinate period

Before the Oberamt Lindenfels was created, it was a bailiwick that was subordinate to the Oberamt Heidelberg . The area comprised the crystalline Odenwald on the edge of the Weschnitzsenke and parts in the Ulfenbachtal . The office originally goes back to the seat of the Lorsch bailiffs and was already acquired by the Count Palatine Konrad (* approx. 1134–1136; † 1195). After long disputes, the Palatinate and the Archdiocese of Mainz were able to agree on the inheritance from the Lorsch Abbey at the beginning of the 14th century, and the Palatinate parts were administered by the Lindenfels Office. After that there were only minor changes to the official area. An exchange of territory with the Schenken von Erbach in 1561 created the basis for the Neue Zent , which only received high jurisdiction in 1716 . Before that, the Oberhof was the main court in Heppenheim in the Electoral Palatinate .

In the Oberamt Lindenfels, the Palatinate Land Law from 1582, renewed in 1610, was a particular law . In addition, the common law applied , insofar as the Palatinate Land Law did not contain special regulations for a matter. This special rights retained its validity and throughout the 19th century during the affiliation of the area to the Grand Duchy of Hesse and was only on January 1, 1900 by the same across the whole German Reich current Civil Code replaced.

Hesse

After a compensation plan was agreed between France and Austria in June 1802 , which was based on the 1801 peace treaty of Lunéville (Art. 7), it was clear that the Oberamt Lindenfels fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . Before that, Maximilian Joseph , the last Elector of Bavaria, had tried to secure the rights to the Oberamt. However, the contract was no longer carried out, and with the patent issued on November 19, 1802 in Munich, he released the subjects of the upper office from his sphere of influence and appointed his privy councilor von Lamezan as commissioner of assignment . Landgrave Ludwig I of Hesse, for his part, took possession of the Oberamt through the patent dated November 22, 1802 and through his commissioner, the government councilor of Günderrode . The property Seizure -Commission was present in Lindenfels on 27 November 1802 and the Hessian coat of arms were struck that day in the presence of the mayor and the upper ushers.

In 1806 the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt became the Grand Duchy of Hessen . Hesse initially retained the Oberamt as an administrative unit. It was called "Landgrave Hessian", later "Grand Ducal Hessian Oberamt Lindenfels". But more and more competencies were withdrawn from him. A separate rent office was created at the transition to Hesse , and in 1813 a new judicial office was created in Fürth , to which the Lindenfels district was now subordinate. The last clerk was Wilhelm Morlock, a former French Rittmeister . This was installed by Oberamtmann Graf von Latour and the actual incumbent on site. He was taken over by Hesse and held the office until his death in February 1807. After that, the office was first administered by the District Bailiwick in Fürth and later by the District Bailiwick in Heppenheim.

With the publication in the Großherzoglich Hessische Zeitung No. 47 from 1812, the Lindenfels office was then split up. Thereafter,
the Fürth office included :
1) all the places belonging to the actual Fürth district,
2) from the Hardenroder dishes only the Aschbach, Kocherbach and Litzelbach locations,
3) the town of Lindenfels with 22 other locations from the former Oberamt of the same name;

to the "Office Waldmichelbach":
1) the two cents Mörlenbach and Absteinach.
2) the remaining places of the Hardenroder court,
3) from the Oberamt Lindenfels 12 villages and farms;

to the “Amt Bensheim” the places Breitenwiesen, Knoden, Schannenbach and Seidenbug ;

to the “Amt Heppenheim” the places Mitlechtern, Mittershausen, Scheuerberg, Bonsweiher and Oberlaudenbach.

In 1821 there was an administrative reform. With it, the court and administration were separated at the lowest level. District districts were created for the administrative tasks previously performed in the offices, and district courts for the first instance jurisdiction. The tasks were now performed by the district of Dieburg and the district court of Fürth .

Territory of the office with its courts

In 1784 the small Electoral Palatinate Oberamt had 4,414 inhabitants and consisted of the town of Lindenfels, 31 villages and six hamlets and Meierhöfen . The castle and the city of Lindenfels had their own jurisdiction, including blood jurisdiction, at the latest when they were granted city rights in 1336 . The Zenten had their own lower and higher courts . While the Kurpfälzer Unteramt had its seat in Lindenfels, four times a year a high court, which also worked for the tithe, was held there in the presence of a representative of the Oberamt Heidelberg.

The Oberamt consisted of four cents with the following locations.

Thal-Cent

The Thal-Zent locations largely shared the same history as Lindenfels. Its main court is held first in Glattbach , later in Ellenbach and finally in Schlierbach . Together with Lindenfels, it had a place of execution in the "Faustenbacher Hecken auf dem Bühel". Thalzent had to bear half the costs for their maintenance .
In its seal, the Central Court had a shield with 3 fields. In the first field there was the Palatinate lion , in the second the Bavarian diamonds and in the third, lowest field, a boy on a hill with a ball floating over his head.

New Cent

The places belonging to Neu-Zent and two houses to Scharbach were on June 4, 1561 by Elector Friedrich III. exchanged by the Counts of Erbach Georg, Eberhard and Valentin for Lautern, Gadernheim and Raidelbach ( Reidelbach ), which belonged to the Palatinate and Thal-Zent, ​​as well as for the Palatinate share in Reichenbach. The Erbacher Schenken owned these places as a Palatinate fief . The High jurisdiction but was still up 1,714 on the Landsberg near Heppenheim. The main court was in Mittershausen and the seal of the court carries a pelican with its young on the breast.

Cent Waldmichelbach

Johann Goswin Widder writes about the Zent Wald-Michelbach : “ Zent is the most significant in the Oberamt. It lies south of Lindenfels, and partly borders the Waldeck winery. There are eight villages, also various farms, and the same jurisdiction extends to several surrounding places, some of which are Kurpfälzische fiefs. [...] The Zent has its special freedoms and justice. The court holds its meetings at Wald-Michelbach, and consists of a mayor and 4 lay judges. The place of execution for the whole cent was near this village. The gallows that stood on it, however, fell apart in the present century and has not yet been rebuilt . "

Cent Hammelbach

The lower or preferential jurisdiction over the actual Palatinate places was mostly given to fiefdoms. The high jurisdiction of the Central Court extended not only over the villages of the Zent, ​​but extended over other surrounding villages. The main court was composed of a mayor and four lay judges. The seal of the court and the center Hammelbach was the Palatinate upright lion. The name of the Zent changes with the place where the Zentgericht was held. Initially Affolderbacher, then Wahlheimer, Eicher (the place of jurisdiction was a felled oak on the road between Lützelbach and Grasellenbach) and finally in Hammelbacher-Zent. The court in Heidelberg formed the upper court and the gallows on Hammelberg was the place of justice. The Zent was mentioned in a document:

  • 1430: Central court in the village of Affolderbach near the linden tree
  • 1504: it shows the inspection of the center: 53 men who have neither armor, wagon nor ox-vehicle
  • 1564: the Electoral Palatinate has high and low jurisdiction
  • 1568: The center has to provide the Count Palatine with an armored carriage with four horses and two servants
  • 1568: that is Malefizgericht from centering judge held on a felled oak trees on the road between Lützelbach and Grasellenbach, hence the name Eicher Zent
  • 1613: the main court is held in Hammelbach, the upper court is the court court of Heidelberg

Bailiffs

literature

  • CFML Marchand: Lindenfels: A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. , Gust. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1858 ( online at google books )
  • Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographic-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 483-510 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 109.
  2. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 110 ( online at google books ).
  3. ^ A b c Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 79 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  4. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau , Darmstadt 1812. P. 248 ( online at Google Books )
  5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 403ff.
  6. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 406.
  7. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 407.
  8. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 71 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 75 ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 40 f . ( Online at google books ).
  11. ↑ Widder, pp. 510f.
  12. ↑ Widder, p. 511ff.
  13. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, page 294f
  14. ↑ Widder, p. 521ff.