Vöckelsbach

Vöckelsbach Municipality Mörlenbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 33 ′ 50 ″  N , 8 ° 46 ′ 17 ″  E
Height :	338 m
Area :	1.84 km²
Residents :	309  (Dec. 31, 2015)
Population density :	168 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	December 31, 1970
Postal code :	69509
Area code :	06209

Vöckelsbach is a district of the municipality of Mörlenbach in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Vöckelsbach is located in the western Odenwald near the Bergstrasse on the upper reaches of the Vöckelsbach , a left southern tributary of the Mörlenbach , which flows into the Weschnitz at Mörlenbach-Mitte . In the south, the district extends to the wooded slopes of the Götzenstein (522 meters).

Within less than a kilometer of Vöckelsbach are the hamlet of Geisenbach in the west, the hamlet of Schnorrenbach in the south-west and the village of Mackenheim in the east .

history

overview

The first mention of the place is under the name Fockelspach 1488. For 1568 it is documented that the place belonged to the Zent-Waldmichelbach of the Palatinate district bailiff Lindenfels.

During the Reformation the place becomes Protestant and a branch of the Reformation parish of Wald-Michelbach. At the end of the Thirty Years War (1648), the place, like the neighboring Siedelsbrunn, was likely to have been almost deserted. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

Under Palatinate rule, the place belonged to the Oberamt Lindenfels until 1803 and then came to Hesse as a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which ordered the dissolution of the Electoral Palatinate. From 1821 it is administered there by the Lindenfels district, whereby the mayor's office in Ober-Mumbach was also responsible for Vöckelbach. Later the mayor was traveling for Vöckelsbach before it administered itself. Through several administrative reforms in Hesse, the place belonged to the districts of Lindenfels and Heppenheim until it came to today's Bergstrasse district in 1938 .

On December 31, 1970, it was incorporated into Mörlenbach , with Vöckelsbach having its own local advisory board.

From the beginning to the 18th century

Vöckelsbach originated in the area of ​​the former Mark Heppenheim which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive Mark Heppenheim , to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of Lorsch Abbey, in whose area Vöckelsbach was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . After long disputes could Palatinate and the Archdiocese of Mainz early 14th century about the legacy of the Lorsch Abbey few and the Palatine parts were the Amtsvogtei managed Lindenfels.

The first mention of the place is under the name Fockelspach 1488. For 1568 it is documented that the place belonged to the Zent-Waldmichelbach of the Palatinate district bailiff Lindenfels.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. Völkelbach became a branch of the Reformation parish Wald-Michelbach. The existing church in Wald-Michelbach was used by the Reformed, while the Catholics built their own church dedicated to St. Lawrence in 1739. In 1780 the Lutherans set up a church in their schoolhouse. The places of the Zent became branches of the parishes in Wald-Michelbach. In 1613 Vöckelsbach is still mentioned as a branch of Mörlenbach.

At the end of the Thirty Years War (1648), the place, like the neighboring Siedelsbrunn, was likely to have been almost deserted. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

From a religious point of view, too, the time after the Thirty Years' War was marked by great unrest. In 1685 the Reformed Palatinate-Simmern line died out and the Catholic cousins ​​of the Palatinate-Neuburg line took over the government in the Electoral Palatinate with Elector Philipp Wilhelm . This ordered the equality of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Palatinate. Even during the War of the Palatinate Succession, France tried to advance the Counter-Reformation in the conquered areas and founded a number of Catholic parishes. The war ended in 1697 with the Peace of Rijswijk , which strengthened the position of the then reigning Catholic Elector Johann Wilhelm . This led to the decree of the Simultaneum on October 26, 1698 . According to this, the Catholics were entitled to use all reformed institutions such as churches, schools and cemeteries, while the reverse was not allowed. Furthermore, the reformed church administration, which had been independent until then, was subordinated to the sovereign. Only at the instigation of Prussia in 1705 came the so-called Palatinate church division in which the simultanum was reversed and the churches in the country, including rectories and schools, were divided between the Reformed and the Catholics in a ratio of five to two. There were special regulations for the three capitals Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal as well as the regional authorities Alzey , Kaiserslautern , Oppenheim , Bacharach and Weinheim . In cities with two churches, one should go to Protestants and the other to Catholics; in the others, where there was only one church, the choir was separated from the nave by a wall, and the one to the Catholics and the other to the Protestants. The Lutherans were only allowed those churches that they owned in 1624 or had built afterwards.

Under Palatine sovereignty, administration and jurisdiction over the place were exercised by the "Zent Waldmichelbach" of the "Amtsvogtei Lindenfels". This bailiwick was subordinate to the Oberamt Heidelberg until 1737, after which Lindenfels became an independent Oberamt of the "Palatinate Countess of the Rhine" (in the Electorate of Palatinate Bavaria from 1777).

In 1613 there were 7 hubs , 7 houseboats and 6 men and 4 women on serfs . For 1784 6 houses and 12 families have been handed down and the district contained 320 acres of fields, 154 acres of meadows, 22 acres of gardens and 56 acres of Hubenwald. In addition, there were 800 acres of forest that was shared by the Zent Wald-Michelbach. There was an electoral forester who was in charge of both these and all of the other forests in the Cent Wald-Michelbach and the Cent Hammelbach . The large and small tithes involved the Kurmainzische Hofkammer Names Lorsch Abbey.

19th century until today

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803 passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . This determined the dissolution of the Electoral Palatinate and assigned the "Oberamt Lindenfels" and thus Völkesbach to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine. The "Oberamt Lindenfels" was initially continued as the Hessian district bailiff . Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of France against high military contingents and membership of the Rhine Confederation , otherwise he was threatened with invasion. In the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the administrative area of ​​the "Lindenfels Office" was divided up in 1812 and Völckesbach was assigned to the " Waldmichelbach Office ". The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg".

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Vöckelsbach joining the district of Lindenfels. As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. In addition to Ober-Mumbach , the mayor's office in Ober-Mumbach was also responsible for Geisenbach , Hornbach , Reisen, Schimbach (now a hamlet of the municipality of Birkenau) and Vöckelsbach. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Vöckelsbach now belonged. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Vöckelsbach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Vöckelsbach: Reformatory branch village with 107 inhabitants that forms a district with Schnorrenbach. This consists of 1,027 acres , including 561 acres of arable land, 168 acres of meadows and 275 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Vöckelsbach branch with the mayor's office Reisen, 12 houses, 102 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Wald-Michelbach district court, the Protestant Reformed parish Wald-Michelbach of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish Wald-Michelbach of the dean's office in Heppenheim.

After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Vöckelsbach into the Heppenheim district .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 184  ha , 58 ha of which were forest.

In the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent communities Vöckelsbach, Ober-Liebersbach and Ober-Mumbach joined the community of Mörlenbach on December 31, 1970 . For Vöckelsbach, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

Courts in Hessen

The jurisdiction of the Oberamt Lindenfels was transferred to the new justice office in Fürth in 1813. With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . In 1853 a new regional court district was created, whose seat was in Wald-Michelbach and to which Vöckelsbach also belonged. On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Wald-Michelbach District Court and assigned to the district of the Darmstadt Regional Court . On July 1, 1968, the district court district was added to the district court of Fürth and the district court of Wald-Michelbach was dissolved.

Historical descriptions

In the attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Pfalz am Rheine can be found in 1786 via Vöckelsbach:

"Is the slightest little village in this centering , 6 houses and 12 families consisting; its neighbors to the east are the Kurmainzischen places Mackenheim and Abt-Steinach, to the south Schnorr and Mumbach same area; towards the west the following village of Ober-Mummbach, and towards the north-west Weiher, so it is also Mainzisch. [...] A brook that rises in its area flows through the little village, drives a grinding mill, and fills the Mörlenbach near the village of Weiher. "

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Vöckelsbach in 1829:

»Vöckelsbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) reform. Filialdorf; is 2 ¹ ⁄ ₂   St. from Lindenfels, has 10 houses and 79 inhabitants, the other than 14 Luth. and 2 Cath. are reformed. In 1802 the place came from Churpfalz to Hesse. "

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

»Vöckelsbach b. Lindenfels. - Reformed branch village of Waldmichelbach. - 10 H. 79 E. (including 2 Catholics and 14 Lutherans). - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Prov. Starkenburg. - Heppenheim district. - Fürth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Vöckelsbach was ceded by Churpfalz to Hesse in 1802. «

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1613:

7 houseboats , serfs : 6 men and 4 women

Vöckelsbach: Population from 1829 to 1970
year				Residents
1829			79
1834			88
1840			82
1846			107
1852			107
1858			89
1864			98
1871			88
1875			106
1885			100
1895			109
1905			119
1910			105
1925			109
1939			83
1946			122
1950			128
1956			119
1961			122
1967			148
1970			148
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961:

112 Protestant (= 91.80%), 9 Catholic (= 7.38%) residents

coat of arms

On January 17, 1968, the municipality of Vöckelsbach was awarded a coat of arms with the following blazon : In gold, a blue wavy bar underneath a fallen blue tip covered with three silver birds.

Transport and infrastructure

Offroad Vöckelsbach is through the county road opened K 19 at Weiher branches off from the main road L 3120 in the Vöckelsbacher valley and ends in the village.

The exit of the Vöckelbach valley is crossed by the disused but listed Überwaldbahn on the longest bridge structure of the whole route, the 135 meter long Vöckelsbach viaduct . However, the railway line is already north of the Vöckelsbach district.

literature

• Johann Goswin Widder: Attempt of a complete geographic-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine. Volume 1 , Leipzig 1786–1788. ( Online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
• Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, volume October 1 , 1829
• Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858 ( online at google books ).
• Wagner, Otto: Heimatbuch Mörlenbach: with Bonsweiher, Ober-Liebersbach, Ober-Mumbach, Vöckelsbach, Weiher. Publisher: Mörlenbach: Gemeinde Mörlenbach, 1983, ISBN 3-9800907-0-1

Web links

• Vöckelsbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Vöckelsbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
2. ↑ Budget 2018. (PDF; 7 MB) In: Internatauftritt. Mörlenbach community, p. 4 , archived from the original ; accessed in June 2018 . 
3. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 49 ( online at google books ).
4. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, p. 722
5. ^ ^{A b} Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 518 , 5) Vöckelsbach ( online at googe books ).
6. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 52 ( online at google books ).
7. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau , Darmstadt 1812. P. 248 ( online at Google Books )
8. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
9. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
10. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
11. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
12. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
13. ↑ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse according to history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 350 ( online at google books )
14. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, p. 90 ( online at google books )
15. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
16. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 . 
17. ↑ Gerstenmeier, K.-H. (1977): Hessen. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation. Melsungen. P. 214
18. ↑ Main statutes of the community of Mörlenbach. (PDF file 297 KB) p. 3 § 6 , accessed in May 2019 . 
19. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
20. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 1 g) and Article 2, Paragraph 1 c) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
21. ↑ Georg W. Wagner: Volume 1, p. 252 ( online at Google Books )
22. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 2, p. 711 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
23. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Vöckelsbach, district Bergstrasse, administrative district Darmstadt from January 17, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 6 , p. 182 , point 152 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.0 MB ]).