Gregor Rainer

Gregor Rainer (funerary monument)

Gregor Rainer († 1522) was imperial prelate and provost of the Berchtesgaden monastery from 1508 to 1522 and, with his founding of the salt mine in the Berchtesgaden district of Gollenbach, had ensured an economic upswing in the Berchtesgadener Land .

Life

According to Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld , the "Rainer zu Main", from whom Gregor Rainer was descended from, owned estates in Straubing and Regensburg and from the 16th century also in Carinthia . Gregor Rainer held a doctorate in canon law ( doctor decretorum ) and in 1508 became provost of Berchtesgaden with the rank of Reich prelate . In addition, from 1512 he was pastor of St. Rupert in Gratwein and at the same time archdeacon of Lower Styria . He is said to have founded a chaplaincy in Gratwein in 1517 .

Gregor Rainer died in 1522 and found his final resting place in his own crypt under a floor slab directly in front of the high relief grave monument on the left choir wall of the collegiate church of St. Peter and St. John the Baptist in Berchtesgaden.

Act

Former border plaque on the Hangendenstein pass by Gregor Rainer (1517)

During the reign of Gregor Rainer, the “Berchtesgadener Land” experienced the zenith of an economic upturn that was already emerging under its predecessor.

The distribution of Berchtesgadener War reached its peak and the Berchtesgadener wood goods publishers were represented in Antwerp , Cádiz , Genoa , Venice and Nuremberg .

Buildings commissioned by him were the sacristies for the parish church of St. Andrew (1508) and for the collegiate church of St. Peter and John the Baptist (1510) in Berchtesgaden . 1512 he left for the Ramsauer Gnotschaftsbezirke the Church of St. Sebastian build and pastoral care of Berchtesgaden from. (It was not until 1657 that a canon who was specifically responsible for the Ramsau Gnotships was assigned as vicar .) According to Feulner, the Franciscan Church was also completed in 1519, analogous to a year on the side portal during his reign.

Most economically, however, Rainer's research into the possibility of salt mining in the immediate vicinity of his seat of government came to a successful conclusion with the construction of the "Petersberg tunnel" and founded the Berchtesgaden salt mine, which is still profitable today . In 1517 he also had a border plaque (see illustration) installed on the Hangendenstein Pass, which was of particular importance as a border pass to the Prince Archdiocese of Salzburg, among other things because of the competition in salt mining. The border table shows a crucifixion group and in the lower left corner the coat of arms of the Berchtesgaden monastery and in the right the coat of arms of Gregor Rainer, in the lower bar of the picture frame is the Latin inscription "Pax intrantibus et inhabitantibus 1517" (Peace to those entering and the residents 1517).

With the beginning of his reign he was the first provost of Berchtesgaden to receive the "Announcements for District and Reichstag ". On the other hand, there were also costly obligations because of his simultaneous rank as Reich prelate. According Reichsmatrikel the Diet of Worms (1521) , he had to provide the first Berchtesgaden Regent two men on horseback and 34 men on foot. (For comparison: The entire Bavarian contingent, like Salzburg, comprised 60 knights and 272 foot soldiers.) Ten years later, twice as many mercenaries were to be held. Nevertheless, Rainer had managed to pay off many of the monastery monastery's debts.

literature

• Walter Brugger , Heinz Dopsch , Peter F. Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594) . Plenk, Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 509, 510, 1112.
• Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Berchtesgadener Anzeiger publishing house , Berchtesgaden 1986, ISBN 3-925647-00-7 , pp. 50–51, 100–101.
• A. Helm , Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1973, pp. 100, 106–111, 261–262.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ see reading sample , PDF file p. 6 In: Herbert Fritz, Hans Neumayer: Das Salzbergwerk Berchtesgaden and his railways , Association Railway-Media-Group, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-902894-11-3
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld : History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works. Volume 2. Joseph Lindauer, Salzburg 1815, from p. 98 f. ( Full text in Google Book Search).
3. ^ ^{A b} Karl Huebner: The archdeaconate division in the former diocese of Salzburg. In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg. Volume 45, 1905, p. 57, footnote 4 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ; information on Gregor Rainer with reference to P. Anton Weis: Sources and studies on the history of the Gradwein parish ).
4. ↑ administration.steiermark.at - excerpt as PDF file; Regarding the footnote displayed for the heading 318. Gratwein, Valid der St. Katharina Stift or Berchtesgadener Kaplanei , Gregor Rainer in his functions as former pastor of Gratwein and later provost of Berchtesgaden is mentioned as a possible founder of this chaplaincy.
5. ↑ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld: History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works. Volume 2. Joseph Lindauer, Salzburg 1815, from p. 144 above ( full text in the Google book search).
6. ^ Walter Brugger: History of Berchtesgaden: Stift - Markt - Land. Volume 2: From the beginning of the Wittelsbach administration to the transition to Bavaria in 1810. Plenk, Berchtesgaden 1995, ISBN 9783922590941 .
7. ↑ ^{a b} Michael Petzet : Monuments in Bavaria  ( page no longer available ), Volume 1–2; P. 141
8. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Pp. 50-51
9. ↑ salzzeitreise.de ( Memento from June 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) - Chronicle of salt mining in the Berchtesgaden salt mine ; Historical outline without identifying sources
10. ↑ ^{a b} Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld: History of the principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works. Volume 2. Joseph Lindauer, Salzburg 1815, from p. 103, 2nd paragraph ( full text in the Google book search).
11. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Pp. 100-101
12. ^ Wikisource.org Imperial register of 1521
13. ↑ wikisource.org Old book listing from 1532 on Reich register

Web links

• The tombs in the collegiate church “St. Peter and Johannes the Baptist ” ( memento from March 20, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), picture of Gregor Rainer's gravestone and explanation, online at stiftskirche-berchtesgaden.de