Pilgrim II of Puchheim

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Pilgrim von Puchheim (* around 1330 ; † April 5, 1396 in Salzburg ) was from 1365 to 1396 as Pilgrim II. Salzburg Prince-Archbishop and, after his incorporation , administrator of the Reich Prelature Berchtesgaden . Under his leadership, the province of Salzburg achieved its greatest expansion.

biography

Origin and youth

Pilgrim comes from the family of the Lords of Puchheim , who had their castle near Attnang (Attnang-Puchheim). Before Pilgrim was elected, there was a one-month vacancy because the two camps around the Austrian and Bavarian dukes in Salzburg could not initially agree on a common candidate. With the election of Pilgrim, the Austrian camp finally got the upper hand.

Pilgrim as a strategist between Bavaria and Austria

The special achievement of the pilgrim, who was appointed largely with Austrian help, was to break free of these shackles and to find an independent policy that was continued continuously for thirty years.

As early as 1366, Pilgrim signed an armistice with Bavaria, which was extended twice. He renewed the alliance with Austria in 1367. On March 6, 1371, however, he again concluded the Laufen alliance with Bavaria, with which he left the alliance with the Austrian Archduke . In the subsequent conflict between the Bavarian Duke and Emperor Charles IV over the Margraviate of Brandenburg , Pilgrim took part with 200 riders on the Bavarian side. After the conclusion of the Treaty of Fürstenwalde , Pilgrim was again an ally of the emperor.

Because of the large salt deposits, Pilgrim tried to take possession of the former imperial provosts of Berchtesgaden and Reichenhall . He deposed the Berchtesgaden provost Ulrich Wulp and appointed his confidante Sieghard Waller for him - whose position was not recognized by Wulp, so that there was a "small" two-year schism in Berchtesgaden. In the war that followed with the Bavarians, as an ally of Provost Wulp, Austria and thus Salzburg remained victorious for the time being. From 1393 until his death in 1396, Pilgrim himself had administrative power over Berchtesgaden, as did his two archbishops of Salzburg who followed him until 1404.

During the city ​​war , the Bavarian Duke Friedrich Pilgrim captured on November 27, 1387 in Raitenhaslach and kidnapped him to Burghausen. For his release he demanded the dissolution of his contract with the Swabian Association of Cities . It was not until 1389 that he reconciled himself with the Bavarian dukes.

Pilgrim received the Privilegium de non evocando in 1381 . Accordingly, none of his subjects could be brought before a foreign court; an important step towards the completion of the secular rule of the archbishops in the archbishopric of Salzburg .

Pilgrim and the great schism

During his reign, the great occidental schism began in 1378 between Pope Gregory XI, who had resided in Rome since 1376 . and the antipope Clement VII in Avignon.

Here, strategically well hidden, Pilgrim made his good relations with the Curia in Avignon a mainstay of his policy, while his canons and ministerials largely supported the Roman Curia.

Pilgrim von Puchheim died on April 5, 1396 in Salzburg and was buried in the Salzburg Cathedral in the pilgrim chapel he had built.

Act

Pilgrim and the monk of Salzburg

The identity of the monk of Salzburg , the most important German song poet of the late Middle Ages, is still unclear today. Six clergymen were considered as authors (such as the Benedictine Hermann or the lay priest Martin), but all these assumptions turned out to be untenable. Perhaps the Archbishop of Salzburg, Pilgrim II von Puchheim, otherwise known as a skilled diplomat and statesman, was himself the author of the songs. At least that is what text passages in his songs suggest. In a love song (1392) - written as a letter from Prague - addressed to “the most beautiful woman in the palace of joy”, Pilgrim describes himself directly as the author. (Freudensaal, today Schloss Freisaal was Pilgrim's country residence.) This monk wrote 57 sacred and 49 secular songs of great artistic value, copies of which were soon widespread in Central Europe. As is well known, Pilgrim studied next to the papal residence in Avignon . In the songs of the monk of Salzburg, influences of the composer Guillaume de Machaut († 1377), who is very well known in Avignon, can be demonstrated, as the music researcher Reischenböck (1991) found.

Pilgrim as a patron of music

In 1393 Pilgrim founded the first chaplaincy for the pilgrim chapel of the old Salzburg Minster in order to cultivate the new technique of polyphonic singing, which, starting from Paris and Florence, should soon come to full bloom in the Netherlands and Burgundy. The foundation provided for six music-savvy chaplains and for each chaplain a vocal student over 16 years of age. Pilgrim thus laid an important foundation stone for the development and strengthening of the new polyphonic singing style, which now increasingly replaced the rigid structure of Gregorian chant with its typical improvisational practice.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinz Dopsch :  Pilgrim II., Archbishop of Salzburg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 442 f. ( Digitized version ).
predecessor Office successor
Konrad V. Thorer von Thörlein Administrator of Berchtesgaden
1393-1396 		Gregor Schenk von Osterwitz
Ortolf von Weißeneck Archbishop of Salzburg
1365-1396 		Gregor Schenk von Osterwitz
personal data
SURNAME Pilgrim II of Puchheim
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Salzburg
DATE OF BIRTH around 1330
DATE OF DEATH April 5, 1396
PLACE OF DEATH Salzburg