List of prince provosts of Berchtesgaden

A total of 44 provosts or prince provosts headed the monastery monastery Berchtesgaden , who, as Augustinian canons, despite their only gradually increasing powers and autonomy, together with three Salzburg archbishops and three administrators from the Electorate of Cologne, are always put in a sequence as prince provosts in historical standard works . The count begins at the beginning of the 12th century with Eberwin as the first provost and ends with Joseph Konrad von Schroffenberg-Mös as the last prince provost , who had to abdicate in 1803 in the course of secularization .

The first 16 were "simple" pen sprinklers , but from 1194 onwards 11 were allowed to exercise not only the lower but also the higher jurisdiction as sovereigns and judges. From 1294 they were followed by 10 office holders who were already legally equal to the imperial princes by exercising blood jurisdiction . The next 14 were also represented as Reich prelates in the Reichsfürstenrat from 1380 , 3 of which, however , were Salzburg archbishops from 1393 to 1404 in connection with the incorporation . The following 6 of the "metropolitan authority" Salzburg were then completely exempt and thus in spiritual things (from 1455 Spiritualien only assume nor the Pope directly). The last 10 had the status of prince provosts from 1559 to 1803, of which, however, 3 held this office from 1594 to 1723 as higher-ranking archbishops of Cologne or as administrators of the Electorate of Cologne from the Wittelsbach house .

Overview (increasing powers ↔ administrators)

The fold-out tables allow an overview of the steadily increasing powers of the canons and prince provosts of the monastery, later imperial prelature and prince provosty of Berchtesgaden between 1101 and 1803 as well as the two phases in between with administrators during the 11-year incorporation by the archbishopric of Salzburg and during the voluntary Resignation of the reign for 129 years to Archbishops of the Electorate of Cologne .

List with further comments

Abbey and prince provosts as well as administrators of monastery monastery , later imperial prelature and prince provost of Berchtesgaden

Surname	from	to	image	Remarks
Eberwin	1101	1142		*) Eberwin was the first provost, together with its founder Berengar I. von Sulzbach, to successfully place the monastery in Berchtesgaden in the care and protection of Pope Paschal II . Under him the first clearing took place and at least the first construction phase of the collegiate church of St. Peter and John the Baptist was built. A decade-long defensive battle against the demands of the Baumburg monastery was decided in favor of the monastery monastery in the year he died.
Hugo I.	1142	1151		Hugo I was regarded as a very energetic provost, who brought Berchtesgaden into the circle of the “Salzburg Reform Association” and thus brought about close cooperation with Salzburg and the archbishop.
Heinrich I.	1151	1174		In 1156, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa confirmed to Heinrich I in a "Golden Bull" the size of the monastery and the freedom of choice of his governors and granted him forest sovereignty .
Lockpick	1174	1178		Dietrich was the first to start trading in the salt mined in Berchtesgaden.
Friedrich I.	1178	1188		Only under Friedrich I. recent historical research was lt. "Bull Golden" to the abrasions the freedom to salt and metal ( salt shelf expanded) or verunechtet .
Wernher (Bernhard) I.	1188	1201		In 1194, Wernher achieved an "enormous increase in power" for himself and his successors, which was manifested in a document that was later referred to as the "Magna Charta of the Berchtesgaden Regional Authority". After that, the Berchtesgadener Stiftspröpste, as sovereign and court lords, could not only exercise the lower but also the high jurisdiction; From 1190, during his reign, there were raids on Berchtesgaden salt storage, which in 1198 ended in a comparison that was unfavorable for the monastery.
Gerhard	1201	1201		Interim regent.
Hugo II	1201	1210		During the reign of Hugo I the pen was in 1209 by Pope Innocent III. confirms the right of free jurisdiction over all laypeople within its area of immunity .
Conrad I. Garrar	1210	1211		Interim regent.
Friedrich II. Ellinger	1211	1217		Friedrich II succeeded in improving the comparison made in 1198 with the Salzburg Cathedral Chapter.
Henry II	1217	1231		During the reign of Heinrich II, the conflict in Bavaria between Welfen and Hohenstaufen also took place on the monastery property.
Friedrich III. from Ortenburg	1231	1239		Under Friedrich III. In 1236 the Salzburg Cathedral Chapter and Berchtesgaden came to an agreement regarding the "marriage of their own people", i. H. the respective subjects were now allowed to look for spouses within these two territories without further inquiry.
Wernher (Bernhard) II.	1239	1252		Despite his long reign, nothing is currently known about Wernher II.
Konrad II.	1252	1252		Interim regent. Already “for years” he was provost of the Berchtesgaden monastery for only a few months in 1252 until his death.
Henry III.	1252	1257		Pope Alexander IV confirmed Heinrich III. the Berchtesgadener privileges and in 1255 granted the provosts to wear the insignia miter , ring and sandals "for all time" , which almost put them on an equal footing with the bishops.
Conrad III. from Mödling	1257	1283		Conrad III. had apparently always tried to steer his little ship through the conflicts of that time both outside and inside the monastery walls "without taking part in any party". In 1274 he had obtained another papal confirmation of the monastery privileges and later also in Judenburg, King Rudolf I had confirmed the toll and customs rights of the monastery monastery in Austria.
Johann I. Saxo of Sachsenau	1283	1303		From 1294, Johann I and his successors received the right to ban blood and thus equal status with the imperial princes
Hartung (Hartnid) from Lampoting	1303	1305		*) Lampoting was the first provost to have his personal coat of arms (a rose with a small shield ) in the provost sigil.
Eberhard Sachs	1305	1317		During the reign of Eberhard Sachs in 1306 the area of ​​the Stiftspropstei Berchtesgaden was called "lant ze berthersgadem". In the same year "suddenly a bunch of people from Berchtesgaden fell out of the archbishopric on Untersberg and committed great violence". Eberhard Sachs then “restored calm and order and peace”.
Conrad IV. Tanner	1317	1333		*) Tanner is said to have “incurred the displeasure” of his canons and the provinciales “to the detriment of the house of God” because of his “too great rigor and orthodoxy”. It was only thanks to papal support that he asserted himself as provost until his death in 1333. Shortly before the end of his reign, in 1332 the citizens of Hallein attacked the Schellenberg salt pans belonging to the provost and overturned Berchtesgaden salt wagons - whereas Tanner was successful with Salzburg's Archbishop Friedrich III . Filed a lawsuit.
Henry IV.	1333	1351		Half a year before his death, Heinrich IV still had a dispute about the Bailiwick of Jettenstetten and Weidenbach, which he did not see the amicable end.
Reinhold Zeller	1351	1355		*) Nothing is known about Zeller's life and work at the moment, except that he came from the family of the "Noble Zeller" from Riedau in the Innviertel .
Otto Tanner	1355	1357		Nothing more is known about Tanner's life and work at the moment.
Peter I. Pfäffinger	1357	1362		Although in the reign of Pfäffinger u. a. a war between the Bavarian Duke Stephan and the Salzburg Archbishop Ortolf is not known about Pfäffinger's work during his tenure as provost until 1362.
Jakob I of Vansdorf	1362	1368		Little is known about Vansdorf's life and work at the moment - except that during his reign the monastery monastery debt burden began to reach a "fantastic height" and the country visibly became impoverished.
Greimold Wulp	1368	1377		Greimold Wulp was able to obtain from Salzburg Archbishop Pilgrim II of Puchheim that after his Berchtesgaden subjects were rejected in breach of the contract, every fifth ship could be loaded with the prehistoric Schellenberg salt.
Ulrich I. Wulp	1377	1384		From 1380 Ulrich I was promoted to Reich prelate in the Reichsfürstenrat , like all those who followed, but was in a schism with Sieghard Waller from 1382 . This was preceded by the fact that when he took office in 1377, he criticized the canons' conduct of life and tried to counter the growing debt burden with a land letter by offering the serfs the property and fiefs of the monastery for inheritance purchase.
Sieghard Waller	1382	1384		Sieghard Waller was a confidante of Salzburg's Archbishop Pilgrim II of Puchheim , who had provost Ulrich I. Wulp deposed in 1382 by means of an intrigue within the Augustinian Canons ' convent in order to install Waller as provost. Most recently, Wulp and Waller were confirmed or dismissed in a compromise.
Konrad V. Thorer von Thörlein	1384	1393		Since neither the Bavarian nor Austrian dukes wanted to invest any more money in the bankrupt state of Berchtesgaden, Konrad only had the option of asking Salzburg Archbishop Pilgrim II von Puchheim for help. At the price of a six-year pledge of the Schellenberger salt works owned by the monastery, the canons and the women's monastery were assured of a "decent income". At the end of his reign all the other salt mines were incorporated into the Archdiocese of Salzburg, and finally in 1393 at the instigation of the monastery the entire monastery state .
Pilgrim from Puchheim	1393	1396		Incorporation by the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg ; Because of the large salt deposits, Pilgrim had been trying for a long time to take possession of the former imperial provosts of Berchtesgaden and Reichenhall . He deposed the Berchtesgaden provost Ulrich Wulp and appointed his confidant Sieghard Waller for him - whose position was not recognized by Wulp, so that there was a "small" two-year schism in Berchtesgaden. In the war that followed with Bavaria, as an ally of Provost Wulp, Austria and thus Salzburg remained victorious for the time being. From 1393 until his death in 1396, Pilgrim himself had administrative power over Berchtesgaden, as did his two archbishops of Salzburg who followed him until 1404.
Gregor Schenk von Osterwitz	1396	1403		Incorporation by the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg; This Salzburg archbishop cautiously supported the deposition of the German King Wenzel and the installation of Ruprecht of the Palatinate , especially after he had confirmed all rights and privileges to him, including the incorporation of the monastery of Berchtesgaden .
Eberhard III. from Neuhaus	1403	1404		Incorporation by the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg; the Duke of Upper Bavaria-Munich Wilhelm III. did not want to accept the incorporation of the Berchtesgaden monastery into the prince-archbishopric of Salzburg any longer. Pope Boniface IX In 1402 also immediately issued a bull stating that this incorporation of Berchtesgaden was to be reversed, but revoked it in the same year after opposing ideas from Eberhard's predecessor as Archbishop of Salzburg. But after the son of the Bavarian Duke Ludwig intervened again and Austria and the majority of the cardinals in Rome also joined the Bavarians, on February 24, 1404 the independence of the prince provost of Berchtesgaden was restored. The canon of Freising Peter Pienzenauer , who accompanied the ducal son, was appointed the new provost. Eberhard III took these processes. Although initially not officially aware of the Popes Innocent VII and Gregory XII. but subsequently confirmed the decision, so that Eberhard III. 1409 recognized the papal decision on the condition that in return for the high amounts owed by the provost to the prince-archbishopric, the Schellenberg salt works, including all facilities and the brewhouse, were pledged to Salzburg until the debts were repaid.
Peter II. Pinzenauer	1404	1432		*) In 1404 Pinzenauer was re-elected as the independent Berchtesgadener Stiftspropst, but his sovereignty was subject to limits. He still had to “be obedient and obey the Archbishop of Salzburg” and “without his advice and will, he was not allowed to sell any goods, jewels or books that belonged to the Berchtesgaden church”. In addition, the Schellenberg, belonging to the provost's office, including the saltworks, was to remain pledged to the prince-archbishopric until the high debts worth 44,000 gold ducats were repaid . Despite these restrictions, Pienzenauer took the first steps towards the resurgence of the monastery monastery.
Johann II. Praun	1432	1446		*) During Praun's reign, the Gothic choir stalls made of oak wood in the Berchtesgaden collegiate church were installed on both sides in front of the main altar.
Bernhard (Wernhard) II. Leoprechtinger	1446	1473		*) Under Bernhard II. Was from 1455 frees the pin and his provosts of the "metropolitan authority" Salzburg and since then in spiritual things ( Spiritualien subordinated directly to the Pope).
Erasmus Pretschlaiffer	1473	1486		After Leoprechtinger, Pretschlaiffer was also involved in the Gothic design of the collegiate church of St. Peter and John the Baptist in Berchtesgaden and had the walls of the aisles raised and fitted with larger windows.
Ulrich II. Pernauer	1486	1495		*) In view of the upcoming election as provost, Pernauer was no longer sworn in as "Hallinger", the holder of the prince provost's administrative post with the highest valuation at the Salzamt in Schellenberg . During his reign, Jörg Sewer and from 1491 Pernauer's successor Balthasar Hirschauer held this office.
Balthasar Hirschauer	1496	1508		*) In 1506, Balthasar Hirschauer obtained the “ Fuchsbrief ” through the imperial commissioner Richard Degen Fuchs von Fuchsberg , which became the “Basic Law” for the state and tax law of the collegiate provosty.
Gregor Rainer	1508	1522		*) During the reign of Gregor Rainer, the “Berchtesgadener Land” experienced the zenith of an economic upswing that was already emerging under its predecessor. Rainer built several church extensions in Berchtesgaden and in 1512 the Church of St. Sebastian in Ramsau near Berchtesgaden .
Wolfgang I. Lenberger	1523	1541		*) Lenberger's reign was determined by the Great Salzburg or German Peasants' War , which began in Schellenberg with the liberation of a priest named Matheus. After this Peasants 'War, Lenberger devoted himself to the internal administration of the Stiftspropstei and in 1529 gave a written forest regulation and the woodworkers' guild a handicraft regulation with legal force.
Wolfgang II. Griesstätter zu Haslach	1541	1567		**) Griesstätter and all his successors were promoted to prince provost and thus to voting prince from 1559 . After a salt spring was discovered in Bischofswiesen an der Tann and rock salt was discovered at the Gmünd Bridge , Griesstätter was able to conclude an advantageous contract for the Berchtesgadener Land with Duke Albrecht of Bavaria in 1555. In 1556 he was also able to repay the remainder of the debt burden of 167 years on Salzburg and thus release Schellenberg from the Salzburg pledge.
Jakob II. Pütrich	1567	1594		In 1587, Pütrich faced the newly elected Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau , who wanted to reincorporate the Berchtesgadener Land into his diocese of Salzburg. Pütrich sought support from the still young Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria . When the Archbishop and his troops invaded Berchtesgaden to take possession of it, Ferdinand's father, Duke Wilhelm V , drove the Salzburgers out of his son's future property in 1591 - because after Pütrich's death, the prince-provost of Berchtesgaden, as agreed, went into his Electoral Cologne administration and remained there for two more reigns.
Ferdinand of Bavaria	1594	1650		Electoral Cologne administration by the House of Wittelsbach ; Ferdinand was already coadjutor of Jakob II. Pütrich from 1591 and was elected prince provost in 1594 after his death (see notes on Pütrich) . During his more than 50 years of responsibility, he was unable to take care of the affairs of the prince-provost due to his other tasks.
Maximilian Heinrich of Bavaria	1650	1688		Electoral Cologne administration by the House of Wittelsbach
Joseph Clemens of Bavaria	1688	1723		Electoral Cologne administration by the House of Wittelsbach; When Joseph Clemens von Bayern excluded the dean of the monastery, Julius Heinrich von Rehlingen-Radau, from the Berchtesgaden government because of his casual way of life, which had become notorious and that of his fellow capitulars , and also insisted on more spiritual discipline (disciplinam religious) of the whole monastery, the chapter ended because of its securitization Right to free choice in future no foreigners and, above all, no Wittelsbach princes to be elected regent.
Julius Heinrich von Rehlingen-Radau	1723	1732		*) With von Rehlingen the 128-year-old Kurköln administration ended. Von Rehlingen was only elected as coadjutor and after the death of Joseph Clemens in 1723 as prince provost, according to the principle: "following the holy spirit, no longer following the spirit of the Bavarian court". Thereupon the offended Bavaria stopped the grain export to Berchtesgaden and reduced the salt price. When von Rehlingen declared in return that he would rather close the Berchtesgaden salt mine than continue to be depressed in price, Bavaria gave in again. During his term of office and reign as provost, three pilgrimage churches in the Rococo style were built in the course of the Berchtesgaden Counter-Reformation .
Cajetan Anton Notthannt von Weißenstein	1732	1752		*) Just elected prince provost, Notthracht saw himself threatened by an uprising before his inauguration and therefore issued an emigration patent on October 26, 1732 . After that, all Protestants had to leave Berchtesgaden within a short time.
Michael Balthasar von Christalnigg	1752	1768		*) Michael Balthasar von Christalnigg was trained at the " Collegio Apolinari " and immediately after taking office as prince provost he commissioned a new library building for the monastery book collection. During his tenure and reign, the foundation's debts amounted to 250,000 guilders , to which he added a further 69,000 guilders.
Franz Anton Josef von Hausen-Gleichenstorff	1768	1780		*) During the term of office and reign of the Prince-Provost Franz Anton Josef von Hausen-Gleichenstorff, the debts of the monastery grew to 300,000 guilders, the current debts to 100,000 guilders.
Joseph Konrad von Schroffenberg-Mös	1780	1803		*) As regent von Schroffenberg sought after the waste of his predecessors to remove the debt burden that had grown to 335,000 guilders “securitized debts” and 50,000 guilders “current debts” and to increase the economic power of the still independent territory. But the prince provost of Berchtesgaden came to the Duchy of Salzburg in 1803 , so that he was the last prince provost of the then independent Lentell Berchtesgaden . Before that, he had already lost his status as Prince-Bishop of Freising and Regensburg .

Persons without further remarks were all appointed by the Augustinian Canons as provosts or prince provosts of the prince-provost of Berchtesgaden .

* (There are grave slabs of these provosts in the Berchtesgadener Stiftskirche )
** (There is a grave monument of Griesstätter in the Franciscan Church in Berchtesgaden .)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants, Berchtesgadener Anzeiger , Berchtesgaden, 3rd edition 1989 - s. P. 238 f.
2. ↑ Hellmut Schöner (ed.), A. Helm : Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Berchtesgadener Anzeiger publishing house and Karl M. Lipp publishing house, Munich 1973. - see p. 261 f.
3. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Pp. 50-51
4. ↑ According to A.Helm, the episcopal insignia received after him in 1254 are already a sign of direct papal suzerainty to which the monastery would have been subject to since then. See Helm A .: Berchtesgaden through the ages , keyword: History of the country, p. 109

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