Ulrich I. Wulp

As Ulrich I, Ulrich Wulp was provost of the Berchtesgaden monastery from 1377 to 1382 or 1384 , and from 1380 with the rank of imperial prelate .

Life

About Ulrich Wulp's life and his origins - whether and to what extent, for example, related to his predecessor Greimold Wulp - is currently just as little known as about his final resting place.

Act

Elevation to imperial prelate

As provost of the Berchtesgaden monastery, Ulrich Wulp was still subject to the metropolitan authority of the Archdiocese of Salzburg . It was not until 1455 that the monastery was able to get rid of it and was then subordinate to the Pope in spiritual matters . But the secular independence of the Stiftspropstei had already manifested itself in 1294 through the acquisition of blood jurisdiction for serious offenses. From 1380 raised to a scepter fief and also represented in the Reichstag with a seat and vote, the power of the Stiftspröpste had increased even further and thus Wulp's status as first provost was equated with that of a Reich prelate.

His "Landbrief" against the burden of debt

However, he and his canons lived in great luxury, so that even their rich income was not enough. The debt burden reached a “fantastic level” and the country was becoming increasingly impoverished. As soon as he took office in 1377, Wulp sought to counter this with a land letter by offering the serfs the property and fiefs of the monastery for inheritance purchase, but on the condition that the subjects had to continue to fulfill their fiefdom obligations. This extension of rights for the subjects was also the price to “maintain and increase the population of the desert valleys of Berchtesgaden”. The simultaneous introduction of a “right of inheritance with moderate, unavailable fees” was a step that was “still missing in other countries in the late centuries” and gave culture the most effective boost. After Ulrich had tilled the forests in the side valleys , the farmers were given the tithe , but no “grain service” - the natural service consisted only of cheese and chickens. Another consequence of the Landbrief was the development and configuration of the Gnotships (cooperatives) Berg, (Salzberg) Au, Scheffau, Bischofswiesen, Ramsau, Schönau, Gern and Ettenberg “in terms of scope and interior retention”. According to Koch-Sternfeld, the designation "cooperative" already indicates "milder sub-Than conditions".

"Small schism" as a result of reform efforts

But even if the "Landbrief" was used extensively, that alone was not enough to restore the finances. On the contrary. Because Wulp also wanted to reduce the expenses of the monastery and help the rules of the order to be more valid again. These reform efforts met with fierce resistance from some of the Augustinian canons . Heinrich Rordorfer and Johann Steinsberger in particular were closely connected to the Archdiocese of Salzburg. First they accused Wulp of hunting more than in church and also of not having a sufficient command of Latin. On behalf of the Archbishop, the Bishop of Chiemsee Friedrich investigated these allegations, but came to a different conclusion and instead reprimanded the accused. They attacked Wulp and threw him in the monastery dungeon . Archbishop Pilgrim II. Von Puchheim obtained his release, but forced Wulp to give up his office because of new charges and had the convent elect his confidante Sieghard Waller as the new provost. His position was not recognized by Wulp, so that there was a "small" two-year schism in Berchtesgaden.

The Bavarian Duke Friedrich , who was asked for support by Ulrich, invaded the Berchtesgadener Land with his soldiers on April 16, 1382 via Hallthurm and the Wachterl and gave it up for plunder . According to the description of a monastery brother from Mattsee Abbey , this was also directed against the abbey church , which was robbed of its relics and other treasures and defiled by the horses of the " heretics ". The monks and nuns of the monastery had to flee. In addition, the more easily accessible farms in Lenntel Berchstgaden have been attacked. But also the Archbishop of Salzburg did not remain idle and, after heavy fighting and losses on both sides, first occupied the tower in front of Schellenberg and finally Berchtesgaden again. After the mediation of the Bishop of Freising Berthold von Wehingen , these fights as well as the schism in 1384 ended in a compromise, according to which Ulrich I. Wulp and Sieghard Waller were finally both confirmed as provosts, deposed at the same time and paid an annual pension of 100 pounds pfennigs. The successor Konrad Torer von Törlein had to make a momentous decision for the monastery in view of the debts that had already accrued and the costs of the armed conflict.

See also

• To the "Landbrief": Berchtesgaden (economic development)

literature

• Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger , Berchtesgaden 1986 ISBN 3-925647-00-7 , pp. 50-51, 72 f.
• A. Helm , Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1973. pp. 100, 108-109, 261-262.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Pp. 50-51
2. ↑ According to A.Helm, the episcopal insignia received after him in 1254 are already a sign of direct papal suzerainty to which the monastery would have been subject to since then. See Helm A .: Berchtesgaden through the ages , keyword: History of the country, p. 109
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Helm A .: Berchtesgaden through the ages, keyword: history of the country, pp. 108-109
4. ↑ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld : History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works. Volume 2. Joseph Lindauer, Salzburg 1815, from p. 28 below ( full text in the Google book search).
5. ↑ ^{a b} Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . P. 72 f.
6. ↑ Document: Salzburg, Erzstift (798-1806) AUR 1382 XI 27 in the European document archive Monasterium.net . Document dated November 27, 1382, Reichenhall - “Reverse letter from the brothers Stephan, Friedrich and Johann, dukes in Bavaria, to Duke Leopold of Austria and Stephan, Duke in Bavaria, in the disputes between them, then Duke Albrecht and Leopold of Austria and Pilgrim, Eb zu Salzburg, because of Berchtesgaden. " ; Signature: AUR 1382 XI 27.
7. ↑ Document: Salzburg, Erzstift (798-1806) AUR 1384 X 24 in the European document archive Monasterium.net . Document dated October 24, 1384, Perwang im Attergau - "Arbitration ruling by Bishop Berthold von Freising (ze freysingen) between the dukes of Bavaria and the Eb Pilgrim of Salzburg about all errors that occurred between them because of the deposed provost Ulrich von Berchtesgaden (Berchtersgaden). emerged from the Wulp family and Sieghard Waller, who was elected provost in his place. Bishop Berthold decided that neither Ulrich nor Sieghard should keep the provost office, but instead appointed a third, Konrad Torer von Torlein, Canon of Salzburg, to be provost, who should also be confirmed by the Eb of Salzburg, as he is legally entitled to. The new provost Torer is to give Waller and Wulp 100 pounds of Viennese pfennigs every year for life. (..) " ; Storage location: Archive: HHStA Vienna, AUR ( http://www.oesta.gv.at ).