Berchtesgaden War
Berchtesgaden War is from the late 15th to early 19th century, on foot and on Kraxen sold goods handcrafted wooden toys from the once fürstpröpstlich ruled Berchtesgaden . In the region since 1911 again offered in much smaller numbers as souvenirs and Christmas tree decorations , it includes painted chipboard boxes , wooden toys, jewelry boxes, fine and rough carvings , figures of saints and nativity scenes , musical instruments for children as well as work by bone and ivory carvers .
history
The tradition of the Berchtesgaden War goes back to the 15th century. Following the example of Ammergau, the wooden toy soon found its way into "the most distant parts of the trading world". There were defeats established in Antwerp , Cadiz , Genoa , Venice and Nuremberg , and there is "no doubt" that from 1492 to 1498 " Columbus and Amerikus and Vasco da Gama those toys to West and East Indies brought."
In a "regulation" between the woodworkers and the publishers (entrepreneurs who took care of the distribution) from 1713, 271 different goods are listed, including not least numerous toys such as u. a. “Allerley Tier” as well as “Blow wheels and blow clocks” (small windmills and weather vanes), as well as “Grillenheißl”, mousetraps , children's violins and 15 different board games .
Since no customs or toll were levied on goods that one wore according to the craft regulations of 1535, it was not only the publishers but also peddlers like Anton Adner who until the beginning of the 19th century the "war" from the prince provost of Berchtesgadener Land in the cities and neighboring countries carried and thus provided the locals with a vital source of sideline income. While 1028 masters were active in the various forms of woodworking in 1713 - supplemented by roughly the same number of working family members - there were only 641 woodworkers in 1805, including 75 carvers and 285 turners. A few years later the demand for this folk art collapsed, among other things because of the tin toys that appeared around 1800 .
New tradition
After the painter Anton Reinbold first presented the “Berchtesgaden Christmas tree”, which was decorated with wooden toys from the past, the Berchtesgaden War experienced a revival, albeit a small one, which has continued to this day. In the Berchtesgadener Land , the southern part of the Berchtesgadener Land district , this form of Christmas tree decoration has become more and more a new tradition in private households as well as in public buildings. It was initially driven out by the "Bauernkunstgenossenschaft" founded in 1924. Since 1952, this task is performed by the Berchtesgaden craftsmanship that as a self-operating organization of the county dispatch and the market center of Berchtesgaden a retail store with Berchtesgaden War leads. She also advises her the Berchtesgadener War manufacturers, who mainly work from home as a sideline, on handicrafts and offers them u. a. Painting courses. According to a newspaper report from 2010, some of the wooden toys such as the Arschpfeifenrössl currently only seem to be made by a single carver in the municipality of Ramsau .
Exhibitions
The museum of local history at Schloss Adelsheim shows a permanent exhibition of historical and current specimens of the Berchtesgaden War .
Trivia
The children's symphony (original title: Berchtoldsgaden-Musik or Berchtesgaden-Musik ), composed in the 18th century, is made up of classical orchestral instruments as well as children's musical instruments from the Berchtesgaden War .
Web links
- Website of Berchtesgadener Handwerkskunst , online at berchtesgadener-handwerkskunst.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld : History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works . Volume 2, p. 144 above ( full text in the Google book search).
- ↑ Georg Himmel HEIFER : The Berchtesgadener wood craftsmen and sculptors in the baroque . Verlag Plenk , Berchtesgaden 2012, ISBN 978-3-940141-74-3 , pp. 17 and 31
- ↑ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld: History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works . Volume 2, p. 114 ( full text in the Google book search), excerpts in: Max Graf von Armansperg, Das Berchtesgadener Holzhandwerk als Hausindustrie. Writings of the Verein für Socialpolitik XLI, Leipzig 1889.
- ↑ Georg Himmel HEIFER : The Berchtesgadener wood craftsmen and sculptors in the baroque . Verlag Plenk, Berchtesgaden 2012, ISBN 978-3-940141-74-3 , p. 30
- ^ Franz Martin: Berchtesgaden. The priesthood of the regulated canons. Germania Sacra B, I, C. Augsburg 1923
- ↑ A short history of tin toys , online atammlung-sammler.de/blechspielzeug/
- ↑ a b sueddeutsche.de Eva-Elisabeth Fischer: Souvenirs, souvenirs: Arschpfeifenrössl . In Süddeutsche Zeitung on February 26, 2007
- ↑ Christian Holzner: Anton Reinbold and the Berchtesgadener Christbaum , report from December 19, 2018 in regional television Upper Bavaria , online at rfo.de
- ↑ Rosi Fürmann: blog.berchtesgadener-land.com The Berchtesgadener War , on the history with numerous picture examples, online at blog.berchtesgadener-land.com
- ↑ R. Mischke: Christmas tree decorations based on old templates. In: Welt am Sonntag on December 19, 2010
- ↑ roha: Hühnersteige, Pfeifenvogel, Radlbock in the Berchtesgadener Anzeiger of November 30, 2015, online at berchtesgadener-anzeiger.de
- ↑ heimatmuseum-berchtesgaden.de page on Berchtesgadener War or on products of the Berchtesgaden wood craft in Adelsheim Palace