Hornbach (Birkenau)

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Hornbach
community Birkenau
Coordinates: 49 ° 34 '2 "  N , 8 ° 43' 53"  E
Height : 181 m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.51 km²
Residents : 614  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 245 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 69488
Area code : 06201

Hornbach , known by post as Hornbach (Bergstrasse) before the regional reform in Hesse , is a district of Birkenau in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse . The townscape of the street village is characterized by numerous half-timbered farms, some of which date from the 16th and 17th centuries.

Geographical location

Hornbach is located in the western Odenwald near the Bergstrasse in a left eastern side valley of the Weschnitz , as a three kilometer long street village on the north side of the Hornbach . The brook flows into the Weschnitz at the northern edge of the core municipality of Birkenau. The district of Reisen is located north of Hornbach .

history

overview

Hornbach was mentioned for the first time in 1366 as Hornbach above Birkenau , when Count Palatine Ruprecht I enfeoffed the knight Horbach from the Erlikeim house with the village.

During the Reformation the place became predominantly Protestant and a branch of the Lutheran parish of Birkenfeld. At the end of the Thirty Years War (1648), the place like Birkenfeld was probably almost deserted. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

Under Palatinate rule, Hornbach belonged to the Oberamt Lindenfels until 1803 and then came to Hesse as a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which ordered the dissolution of the Electoral Palatinate. From 1821 it was administered there by the Lindenfels district, with the mayor's office in Ober-Mumbach and then in Reisen being responsible for the administration of Hornbach. Hornbach was later given its own mayor's office.

After several administrative reforms in Hesse, the place belonged to the Lindenfels and Heppenheim districts before it came to today's Bergstrasse district in 1938 . As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the community joined the community of Birkenau on December 31, 1970, as did the neighboring community of Reisen .

From the beginning to the 18th century

Hornbach originated in the area of ​​the former Mark Heppenheim which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive Mark Heppenheim , to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Hornbach was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . After long disputes could Palatinate and the Archdiocese of Mainz early 14th century about the legacy of the Lorsch Abbey few and the Palatine parts were the Amtsvogtei managed Lindenfels.

The earliest known mention of Hornbach was in 1366 as Hornbach above Birkenau , in a feudal letter from Count Palatine Rubrecht I. Thereafter, several feudal letters and the approval of Wittum the Palatinate Elector on the place have been received. The village was initially owned by the von Strahlberg family . The bailiwick over the place was owned by the Erlikeim family until 1700 , before it fell to the barons of Hundheim.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions.

At the end of the Thirty Years' War (1648), like many areas of the Electoral Palatinate, the place was almost deserted. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

From a religious point of view, too, the time after the Thirty Years' War was marked by great unrest. In 1685 the Reformed Palatinate-Simmern line died out and the Catholic cousins ​​of the Palatinate-Neuburg line took over the government in the Electoral Palatinate with Elector Philipp Wilhelm . This ordered the equality of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Palatinate. Even during the War of the Palatinate Succession, France tried to advance the Counter-Reformation in the conquered areas and founded a number of Catholic parishes. The war ended in 1697 with the Peace of Rijswijk , which strengthened the position of the then reigning Catholic Elector Johann Wilhelm . This led to the decree of the Simultaneum on October 26, 1698 . According to this, the Catholics were entitled to use all reformed institutions such as churches, schools and cemeteries, while the reverse was not allowed. Furthermore, the reformed church administration, which had been independent until then, was subordinated to the sovereign. Only at the instigation of Prussia in 1705 came the so-called Palatinate church division in which the simultanum was reversed and the churches in the country, including rectories and schools, were divided between the Reformed and the Catholics in a ratio of five to two. There were special regulations for the three capitals Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal as well as the regional authorities Alzey , Kaiserslautern , Oppenheim , Bacharach and Weinheim . In cities with two churches, one should go to Protestants and the other to Catholics; in the others, where there was only one church, the choir was separated from the nave by a wall, and the one to the Catholics and the other to the Protestants. The Lutherans were only allowed those churches that they owned in 1624 or had built afterwards.

Until 1737 the " Amt Lindenfels" was subordinate to the Oberamt Heidelberg , after which Lindenfels became an Oberamt . The jurisdiction and sovereign administration over Hornbach was exercised by the Cent Waldmichelbach of the Oberamt Lindenfels of the "Palatinate County of the Rhine" (in the "Electorate of Pfalzbayern" from 1777). In 1784 the place consisted of 9 houses with 23 families and 102 "souls" and the district had 321 acres of fields, 75 acres of meadows, 8 acres of gardens and 261 acres of forest. Baron Wambold von Umstatt received the tithe . In addition, there were 800 acres of forest that was shared by the Zent Wald-Michelbach. There was an electoral forester who was in charge of both these and all of the other forests of the "Zent Wald-Michelbach" and the "Zent Hammelbach" .

From the 19th century until today

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the " Left Bank of the Rhine " and thus the left bank of the Rhine were annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was passed, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . He ordered the dissolution of the Electoral Palatinate and assigned the area of ​​the Oberamt Lindenfels to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt as compensation for lost areas on the left bank of the Rhine. There the "Oberamt Lindenfels" was initially continued as the Hessian district bailiff . Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , against placing high military contingents in France and joining the Confederation of the Rhine , otherwise he was threatened with invasion. In the Grand Duchy, the administrative area of ​​the "Lindenfels Office" was divided up in 1812 and Hornbach was assigned to the " Waldmichelbach Office ". The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” .

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district districts were introduced, with Hornbach joining the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Ober-Mumbach was also responsible for Geisenbach , Hornbach, Reisen , Schimbach (today a hamlet of the municipality of Birkenau) and Vöckelsbach . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as a second district, to which Hornbach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Hornbach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Hornbach: Lutheran Filialdorf with 246 inhabitants. The district consists of 1001 acres , including 456 acres of arable land, 137 acres of meadows and 399 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, for the branch village Hornbach with the mayor's office in Reisen , 30 houses, 95 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Protestant Reformed parish of Wald-Michelbach and the Lutheran parish of Birkenau of the deanery of Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Birkenau of the deanery of Heppenheim.

After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Hornbach into the Heppenheim district .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 251  hectares , 92 hectares of which were forest.

In the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality joined the municipality of Birkenau on December 31, 1970, at the same time as the neighboring municipality of Reisen. For Hornbach, a local district with local advisory board and mayor was established according to the Hessian municipal code.

Courts in Hessen

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg. The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords. The Lindenfels Office was responsible for Hornbach. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate.

The jurisdiction of the Lindenfels Office was transferred to the new Justice Office in Fürth in 1813. With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

Historical descriptions

In the attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Pfalz am Rheine can be found in 1786 via Hornbach:

“Hornbach. To the east it borders the Wambold village of Rorbach; towards the south at Kalstatt; towards West at Birkenau, both knightly; towards the north to the pre-registered locations Reissen and Mumbach. It initially belonged to the Stralenberg possessions; afterwards the count palatine gave the bailiwick over it to the family von Erlikheim zu Mannlehen , of which even a branch was nicknamed. This bailiwick and other fiefdoms belonging to it had all sorts of fates in the following times, until they were given a new fief to Baron von Hundheim in 1700. The Hornbach rises in the district , absorbs the Albers- and Sprengelbächlein, which flows together in it, and flows into the Weschniz near Birkenau. "

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Hornbach in 1829:

»Hornbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) Lutheran Filialdorf; is located 3 St. von Lindenfels and has 14 houses and 144 inhabitants, which are reformed up to 5. and 3 Cath. Lutheran. There are 12 farmers and 6 craftsmen among the inhabitants. This place initially belonged to the possessions of the Lords of Strahlberg. Later, however, the count palatine gave the bailiwick of the von Erlikheim family to Mannlehen, and a branch of this dynasty even bore the nickname of it. After various fates, the Bailiwick was finally given to life again in 1700 for Baron von Hundheim. In 1802 the place came from Churpfalz to Hesse. "

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

“Hornbach near Lindenfels. - Village belonging to the Protestant parish of Birkenau. - 14 H. 144 E. - Grand Heart. Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Landger. Fuerth. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Hornbach was ceded by Churpfalz to Hesse in 1802. "

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Hornbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

  • 1613: 5 house seats , serfs : 4 men and 4 women:
  • 1784: 102 souls, 9 houses with 23 families
  • 1806: 98 inhabitants
  • 1829: 144 inhabitants, 14 houses
  • 1867: 195 inhabitants, 30 houses
Hornbach: Population from 1784 to 2018
year     Residents
1784
  
 100
1806
  
 98
1829
  
 144
1834
  
 170
1840
  
 177
1846
  
 233
1852
  
 246
1858
  
 199
1864
  
 197
1871
  
 204
1875
  
 189
1885
  
 188
1895
  
 203
1905
  
 187
1910
  
 218
1925
  
 197
1939
  
 214
1946
  
 317
1950
  
 329
1956
  
 284
1961
  
 329
1967
  
 459
1970
  
 507
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 630
2015
  
 612
2018
  
 614
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

politics

For Hornbach there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Hornbach) with a local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had four members of the SPD , two members of the CDU and one member of the FDP . Brigitte Kanz (SPD) is the head of the village.

traffic

Off-road from the direction of Birkenau Hornbach is through the county road K 13 developed that runs the length through the village and then ends.

literature

  • Johann Goswin Widder: Attempt of a complete geographic-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine. Volume 1 , Leipzig 1786–1788. ( Online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, Volume 1, October 1829.
  • Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858 ( online at google books ).
  • Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854. ( Online at google books )
  • Literature about Hornbach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Hornbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of January 14, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on February 15, 2014 .
  2. ↑ a b Population development in the districts. In: website. Birkenau community, accessed January 2020 .
  3. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 356 f .
  4. ↑ a b c Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 520 f ., 8) Hornbach ( online at googe books ).
  5. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 52 ( online at google books ).
  6. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  8. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  9. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  11. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 344 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 42 ( online at google books ).
  13. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  14. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  15. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 348 .
  16. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; KK kB) § 6. In: Website. Birkebau community, accessed February 2019 .
  17. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  18. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 116 ( online at google books ).
  19. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 678 ( online at google books ).
  20. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  21. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  22. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  23. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  24. ↑ Local Advisory Board Hornbach. In: website. Birkenau community, accessed January 2020 .