Nieder-Liebersbach

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Nieder-Liebersbach
community Birkenau
Coat of arms of Nieder-Liebersbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 34 ′ 59 ″  N , 8 ° 42 ′ 8 ″  E
Height : 173 m above sea level NHN
Area : 4.55 km²
Residents : 1751  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 385 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 69488
Area code : 06201
Catholic parish church of St. Wendelinus from 1896
Catholic parish church of St. Wendelinus from 1896

With around 1750 inhabitants, Nieder-Liebersbach is the largest district of Birkenau in the Odenwald, along with the core community .

Geographical location

Nieder-Liebersbach lies in a right side valley of the Weschnitz , which is traversed by the eponymous brook, the Liebersbach . The valley ends two kilometers further south in the center of the core community of Birkenau. The district of Reisen is to the east of Nieder-Liebersbach .

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Although the discovery of five stone axes from the Neolithic near Nieder- and Ober-Liebersbach indicates that there were homes, there was no evidence of settlement in the region for the following 2000 years up to the Franconian period.

Liebersbach arose in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out, including the Weschnitz valley with its side valleys. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

The first documented references to the Liebersbach name only one place and do not differentiate between Ober- and Nieder-Liebersbach, nor do they provide information about the location of the farms. The earliest written mention as Liberesbach comes from the year 877 and is in the Lorsch Codex , a list of the property of the Lorsch Monastery, when Liuthar von Hausen donated the Villa Liebersbach to the abbey. In 879, Bishop Adelbert von Worms was given the Villa Liberesbach as a fief for life .

However, the landforms of the two localities point to a different settlement history: Nieder-Liebersbach is a non-planned block conglomerate community, while Ober-Liebersbach, like many villages in the neighboring Weschnitznebentäler, z. B. Bonsweiher, a planned Waldhufensiedlung . In other words, the farms were more or less regularly spaced as “hooves or hooves” within a broad strip of arable land and meadows that was marked out by the field.

The two hamlets are named separately for the first time in a document dated July 27, 1355, after the territory of the Lorsch Monastery had been transferred to the Elector of Mainz as early as 1232 : Knight Anselm von Hemmispach (Hemsbach), as a feudal man of the Archbishop of Mainz, had previously separate areas Nydern Libirspach and Ober Lybersbach taken into his possession. In the following centuries, the development of the two communities was different at times: Parts of Nieder-Liebersbach were given as fiefdoms, while the rest, together with Ober-Liebersbach, belonged to the " Cent Mörlenbach ", first mentioned in 1508 .

In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office.

In 1267, a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) is mentioned for the first time , who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , to which Nieder-Liebersbach belonged. The Mörlenbach district developed as a court of the "lower jurisdiction" and a subordinate administrative unit. The oldest surviving descriptions date from 1504 and 1654. Nieder-Liebersbach was mentioned in 1654 with its "Kurmainser Teil". Before 1355 Nieder-Liebersbach was pledged to the Condrad Swende von Weinheim by the Mainz ore monastery . 1419 belehnte the Archbishop Konrad von Mainz the Eberhard Swende of Weinheim with about one-third of low-Liebersbach and other villages along later " Zent formed Birkenau". The jurisdiction of this center remained until 1803, when the places came to Hesse.

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds. The "Zent Birkenau" was excluded.

In 1477 the sovereignty and the “high jurisdiction” over the “Zent Birkenau” were given to the “ Wambolt von Umstadt ” and the “ Landschad von Steinach ”. The " lower jurisdiction " over the entire Nieder-Liebersbach seems to have been with them. After the Steinnach noble family died out, their share also went to the "Wambolt von Umstadt".

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As early as 1522, "Hans Landschad von Steinach" had accepted the Martin Luther's, which explains the high percentage of the Protestant population, even after the Counter-Reformation that began in 1620 . But there were always violent disputes between Catholics and Protestants of the Birkenau district, which were only ended by the religious comparison of 1749.

When Spanish troops of the "Catholic League" conquered the region during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) , Kurmainzer rule was restored in 1623. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

In 1658 Nieder-Liebersbach was assigned to the parish in Ober-Abtsteinach and in 1754 moved to the parish of Birkenau. In 1925 Nieder-Liebersbach received its own Catholic parish.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The Zente Abtsteinach , Fürth and Mörlenbach, in the low-lying Liebersbach who were Amtsvogtei Fürth subordinated and had to give up their powers largely. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

From the 19th century until today

Nieder-Liebersbach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Nieder-Liebersbach also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

In 1812 the former Palatinate Oberamt Lindenfels was dissolved and Wald-Michelbach, which already existed as a center, was given its own district bailiwick , whose area was also assigned to Nieder-Liebersbach.

Konrad Dahl reported in 1812 in his historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Oberrheingau about Nieder-Liebersbach as the place of the "Zent Mörlenbach":

“Niederliebersbach ( Lieberesbach ) a village of 19 Hubengüthers with 156 selenium. It is 1/4 hour away from Mörlenbach and belongs to the family v. Wambold as a fiefdom, which will be discussed elsewhere. The toes are shared by the Beneficiatenfond zu Bensheim and the von Wambold family. "

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district districts were introduced, with Nieder-Liebersbach joining the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. Nieder-Liebersbach was given its own mayor's office . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Nieder-Liebersbach in 1829:

"Niederliebersbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) Lutheran and Catholic. Branch village; is 4 St. from Lindenfels, has 64 houses and 485 inhabitants except for 126 Luth. and 2 reform. are catholic. The place has 1 chapel and 1 grinding mill and came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Nieder-Liebersbach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

"Nieder-Liebersbach b. Lindenfels. - Village for evangel. resp. Catholic parish of Birkenau belongs. - 64 H. 485 (mostly Catholic) E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - District of Heppenheim. - Landger. Fuerth. - Hofger. Darmstadt. - The village of Nieder-Liebersbach has 1 chapel u. 1 grinding mill and passed from Mainz to Hessen Darmstadt in 1802. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Nieder-Liebersbach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Nieder-Liebersbach: Catholic and Lutheran branch village with 628 inhabitants. The district consists of 1761 acres , of which 1292 acres are arable land, 146 acres of meadows and 272 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Nieder-Liebersbach branch village with its own mayor's office, 79 houses, 580 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Protestant parish Birkenfels of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish of Birkenfeld des Deanery Heppenheim, indicated.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also ordered the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Nieder-Liebersbach into the Heppenheim district .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

In 1908 the place received a central water supply via an elevated tank that was fed by contained springs. Each affiliated family had to pay an average of five marks a year; the exact amount was determined by the community based on the size of the family. In 1913 Nieder-Liebersbach was connected to the electrical power supply and the age of electricity began for the place with the erection of 18 street lamps. The first telephone was installed in the “Zur Rose” restaurant as early as 1902. When this connection was taken over by the community as a public telephone exchange in 1923, it should still have been the only one in town.

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out and put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Nieder-Liebersbach also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

In 1927 the size of the district was given as 440.5  ha .

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 and 1946 show, Nieder-Liebersbach also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 455  hectares , of which 93 hectares were forest.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the community voluntarily joined the community of Birkenau on December 31, 1971 at the same time as Löhrbach . For Nieder-Liebersbach, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was formed according to the Hessian municipal code.

Courts in Hessen

In 1813, jurisdiction was transferred to the new justice office in Fürth. With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Nieder-Liebersbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 235 inhabitants
• 1829: 485 inhabitants, 64 houses
• 1867: 580 inhabitants, 79 houses
Nieder-Liebersbach: Population from 1806 to 2018
year     Residents
1806
  
 235
1829
  
 485
1834
  
 490
1840
  
 610
1846
  
 664
1852
  
 628
1858
  
 577
1864
  
 563
1871
  
 603
1875
  
 644
1885
  
 682
1895
  
 704
1905
  
 700
1910
  
 710
1925
  
 776
1939
  
 810
1946
  
 1,029
1950
  
 973
1956
  
 1,078
1961
  
 1,202
1967
  
 1,394
1970
  
 1,500
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 1,782
2015
  
 1,764
2018
  
 1,751
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1961: 474 Protestant (= 39.43%), 715 Catholic (= 59.48%) residents
• 1829: 126 Lutheran (= 25.98%), two Reformed (= 0.41%) and 357 Catholic (= 73.61%) residents

politics

Local advisory board

For Nieder-Liebersbach there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Nieder-Liebersbach) with a local advisory board and mayor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of new members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had three members of the SPD , four members of the CDU , one member of the FDP and one member of the "Free Birkenau Voters' Association" (FWV). Mayor is Volker Buser (CDU).

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Nieder-Liebersbach
 Blazon : "In red, a silver district boundary sign, two two-pronged angular forks, open at the top and bottom, connected by a middle piece in the width of the opening."
Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms of the former municipality shows a weaver's shuttle and was officially approved on August 15, 1952. Nieder-Liebersbach is known for its weaving tradition.

Culture and sights

societies

Nieder-Liebersbach has a very intensive club life. The offer includes almost a dozen clubs with different departments:

  • SVG Nieder-Liebersbach - The sports association is the largest club in town and has departments for handball, wrestling, gymnastics / recreational sports, acrobatics, table tennis, carnival, amateur play / theater, two choirs and a marching band.
  • GV Sängerlust 1951 - The singing association Sängerlust takes part in numerous competitions, has already released several CDs and regularly (every two months) carries out a voluntary collection of waste paper in the village. Although the municipal disposal of waste paper is guaranteed by the green bin, the association earns an extra income and is diligently supported by the residents.
  • Association Liewerschbescher Kerwe 1972 - The association takes care of the organization of the annual Kerwe , promotes customs and has a traditional folk dance group.
  • Förderverein Grundschule Nieder-Liebersbach - The Förderverein takes care of the maintenance of the small elementary school in Nieder-Liebersbach.
  • Voluntary fire brigade - The voluntary fire brigade has three vehicles: ( TLF 16 tank tender, LF 10/6 fire fighting vehicle and MTF team transport vehicle). In addition, with her children's fire brigade and youth fire brigade , she also makes a contribution to youth work.
  • Vogelfreunde - The Vogelfreunde take care of the species-appropriate feeding of the local birds in the winter months, the provision of nesting boxes and the association created a bird-friendly biotope in the forest, which it also maintains. Every year in May there is a bird song hike, during which the interested population can experience the ornithological diversity in the early morning hours under an expert guide and then have breakfast together in the forest.
  • Carrier pigeon club
  • Friends of Hungary - The Friends of Hungary maintain a lively partnership to Ófalu (near Pécs ) in the south of Hungary and take regular trips there.
  • Liebersbach.wiki e. V. - The purpose of this association is to maintain the homeland in the Nieder-Liebersbach district of the large municipality of Birkenau. The history of Nieder-Liebersbach in particular is to be researched and presented. The association has set itself the task of collecting contemporary documents, archiving them for the future and making them accessible to the public.

media

The Birkenauer Gemeinde Rundschau (BGR), as well as the daily newspapers Weinheimer Nachrichten , the Odenwälder Zeitung and the Starkenburger Echo report regularly on local events .

Regular events

The annual Kerwe on the 1st weekend in September is the cultural highlight of the district .

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Nieder-Liebersbach is opened up for regional traffic by the K 11 district road, which, coming from the core municipality of Birkenau in the south, continues to Ober-Liebersbach and Bonsweiher . To the south of Nieder-Liebersbach, the district road is connected to the federal road 38 , just before the east portal of the Saukopftunnel , which was completed on December 9, 1999 after more than 30 years of construction. It offers a fast connection from the Odenwald to Weinheim and the other cities of the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region (Heidelberg, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen) , bypassing the district of Reisen and the core community of Birkenau .

The public transport is realized by a Ruftaxi VRN and the bus line 688 of the low-Liebersbach to Birkenau. A school bus takes over the school traffic. In Birkenau there is a connection to the Weinheim-Fürth railway line (Weschnitztalbahn).

Nieder-Liebersbach is passed by the " European long-distance hiking trail No. 1 " (from the North Cape to Sicily , 6000 km).

primary school

Despite its small size, Nieder-Liebersbach has its own elementary school with four classes (1-4). This was already threatened with closure, but could be saved through the introduction of full-day care and great parental commitment (e.g. renovation through personal contribution).

Churches

Nieder-Liebersbach has a Protestant and a Catholic church.

Day care centers

The kindergarten "Noah's Ark" is run by the Catholic parish "St. Wendelin ”.

primary care

As in other villages, many shops are withdrawing from the area. Numerous shops, groceries, butchers, post offices, stationery, sports shop, bakery, gas station, and most recently the branch of Sparkasse Starkenburg , had to close in recent years. The supply of many goods and services for daily needs makes trips to the core community necessary. On the other hand, new local suppliers opened, for example a vegetable shop that also offers baked goods and meat products, as well as a flower shop and a children's second-hand shop. There is also a general practitioner, physiotherapist and a number of craftsmen in the village.

literature

  • Otto Wagner (editor): Heimatbuch Mörlenbach. Self-published by the municipality of Mörlenbach, 1983
  • Rudolf Kunz: The lordship and denominational conditions in the Birkenau district. In: Archive for Hessian History and Archeology. NF 49, 1991, pp. 11-60.
  • Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau. Darmstadt 1812. ( online at google books )
  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, volume October 1 , 1829.
  • Literature on Nieder-Liebersbach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Nieder-Liebersbach  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Nieder-Liebersbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hesse (as of June 23, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on November 16, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b Population development in the districts. In: website. Birkenau community, accessed January 2020 .
  3. ^ Johannes Pfeifer: Contributions to the settlement history of the area around Weinheim during the Stone Age. In: Die Windeck 9 No. 7, 1933.
  4. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 506-507 .
  5. ^ Wilhelm Müller, 1937, p. 507.
  6. ↑ Otto Wagner, 1983, p. 64.
  7. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Nitz: The rural settlement forms of the Odenwald . Heidelberg geogr. Work H. 7, Heidelberg / Munich 1962.
  8. ↑ Reg. Archbishops of Mainz, No. 346; Original Reichsarchiv Munich (Mz Domkapitel fasc. 109b) - copy Bayer. State Archives Würzburg, ( Ingrossaturbuch 4f 134v )
  9. ^ Wilhelm Müller, 1937, Unter-Liebersbach p. 507.
  10. ↑ Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , p. 456.
  11. ↑ Local history. In: liebersbach.wiki. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
  12. ^ Birkenau Church. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on March 24, 2015 .
  13. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  14. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 243 ( online at google books ).
  15. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  16. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 169 ( online at google books ).
  17. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 236 ( online at google books ).
  18. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  19. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  20. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  21. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 347 ( online at google books ).
  22. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 66 ( online at google books ).
  23. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  24. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3. KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7 .
  25. ↑ a b Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  26. ^ The first telephone in 1902. In: liebersbach.wiki. Accessed January 2020 .
  27. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
  28. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; KK kB) § 6. In: Website. Birkebau community, accessed February 2019 .
  29. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  30. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  31. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  32. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  33. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  34. ↑ Nieder-Liebersbach local advisory board. In: website. Birkenau community, accessed January 2020 .
  35. ^ Karl Ernst Demandt , Otto Renkhoff : Hessisches Ortswappenbuch. C. A. Starke Verlag, Glücksburg / Ostsee 1956, p. 130.
  36. ↑ Approval for the use of a coat of arms for the municipality of Nieder-Liebersbach in the Bergstrasse district, Darmstadt regional district of August 15, 1952 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1952 No. 36 , p. 670 , point 885 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.6 MB ]).