Ober-Abtsteinach

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ober-Abtsteinach
community Abtsteinach
Ober-Abtsteinach coat of arms, identical to Abtsteinach since 1972
Coordinates: 49 ° 32 ′ 38 "  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 9"  E
Height : 480 m above sea level NN
Area : 3.24 km²
Residents : 1356  (May 9, 2011)
Population density : 419 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 69518
Area code : 06207
Ober-Abtsteinach, seen from the east
Löhrbacher Strasse and Hardberg, around 1.5 km away, with the 135 m high transmission tower of the Hessian Broadcasting Corporation

Ober-Abtsteinach is the largest district of the municipality of Abtsteinach in the Bergstraße district in southern Hesse and is the seat of the municipal administration.

Geographical location

Ober-Abtsteinach lies in the Odenwald in a high-lying flood plain, in the south of here about sub-Abtsteinach the Neckar in Neckarsteinach inflowing Steinach springs. The district of the place includes a high proportion of fields for Odenwald conditions, the small proportion of forest is particularly on the eastern and northern edge. Well-known elevations such as the Waldskopf , the Götzenstein and the Hardberg in the vicinity are all on the other side of the municipality. The watershed between Steinach and Weschnitz and thus between Neckar and Upper Rhine runs through the Ober-Abtsteinach area . The steep slope into the valley system of the Weschnitz tributary Mörlenbach begins at the northern edge of the district .

history

Overview

Corresponding finds indicate that the area around Abtsteinach was already settled by Celts in pre-Roman times. A history of more than a thousand years is certain, as the earliest documentary evidence that has been preserved in the Lorsch Codex, the existence of the village possesa Steinah , today's district of Ober-Abtsteinach, is first documented for the year 1012.

Ober-Abtsteinach arose in the area of ​​the former Mark Heppenheim, which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive Mark Heppenheim , to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of the Lorsch monastery, in whose area Abtsteinach was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 the monastery was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, as a result of the Mainz collegiate feud , Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

In the Middle Ages, Abtsteinach was the administrative center of the manorial estate and the place of jurisdiction. With the pledging of the Starkenburg office in 1461, the time of the Palatinate rule began for the Kurmainzer possessions on Bergstrasse and in the Odenwald. When Spanish troops of the Catholic League conquered the region during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Kurmainzer rule was restored in 1623. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established. From 1654 it is reported that every cent man is a serf of Kurmainz. For the same year is evidence that the place from 7 Huben was together with top-Abtsteinach annually 26½  fl. Bede had to pay to the winery in Heppenheim.

In 1782 Kurmainz carried out an administrative reform with which a district bailiwick was established in Fürth , in whose administrative district Ober-Abtsteinach was also located. The district bailiwick, in turn, is subordinate to the Starkenburg Oberamt of the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz . This largely restricted the cent's rights and freedom of choice .

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) was reorganized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 and ceased to exist with the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806. Through this reorganization and dissolution of Kurmainz, the Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Ober-Abtsteinach came to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , which in 1806 was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Hesse , which was also formed under pressure from Napoleon .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Oberabtsteinach: A Catholic parish village on the Steinach with 779 inhabitants. The district consisted of 2050 acres , of which 966 acres were arable land, 288 acres were meadows and 739 acres were forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the parish village of Ober-Abtsteinach with its own mayor's office , 65 houses, 413 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Wald-Michelbach district court, the Protestant parish Wald-Michelbach of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish Ober-Abtsteinach of the deanery Heppenheim. Mackenheim (11 houses, 81 inhabitants) and the Schnorrenbacher Höfe (2 houses, 22 inhabitants) were also administered by the mayor's office .

In Hesse, Ober-Abtsteinach belonged to the district of Lindenfels , as well as the districts of Lindenfels and Heppenheim , through a series of administrative reforms , until it came to today's Bergstrasse district in 1938 .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 324  ha , of which 82 ha were forest.

Up until December 31, 1971, Ober- and Unter-Abtsteinach were independent communities. On this date, as part of the regional reform in Hesse, the municipality of Abtsteinach was formed through the merger of the municipalities of Mackenheim, Ober-Abtsteinach and Unter-Abtsteinach. Local districts were not established.

Historical descriptions

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or the church history of the Upper Rhinegau, reports on the Ober-Abtsteinach in 1812:

»Oberabsteinach, a parish village of 28 houses and 256 selenium. It is on the Steinach, 4 hours from Heppenheim and 1½ hours from Mörlenbach. The place itself does not appear in Lorsch documents, but the Bach from which the place takes its name, namely the Steinach under the name Steinaha and indeed all in the Heppenheimer Markbeschreibung 774. The place got the name Abtsteinach because of such the abbot or Lorsch Abbey was always owned; and to be able to distinguish the same from the other places on the Steinach, namely Neckarsteinach and Heiligkreuzsteinach. This place is in a valley surrounded by high mountains. On the mountains one has an unobstructed and beautiful view over the Rhine to Landau, Mainz, etc. In the Absteinach region there is therefore also such a snowmelt that divides its waters into all four regions of the world. The Steinach flows to the south, the Weiher or Mörlenbach to the north, the brook that arises at Siedelsbrunn to the east and the brook that rises at Löhrbach to the west. In Oberabsteinach the parish seat and the parish church is the whole Cent Absteinach. This parish is not yet old and was only established in 1651. Previously, and in 1653, there was only a chapel in Oberabsteinach, of which an old Starkenburg official protocol says that it was renewed in that year and that a new churchyard was laid out there. In the same year, or at least in the following year (1654), the parish church service at Absteinach was completely established, when Churpfalz complained to the Reichstag that the Kurmainzische, the tradition and peace treaty, the parish people of Ober- and Niederabsteinach, Lützelbach , Kocherbach, Kollernheim, (should be called Gadern or Gadernheim), Hertenrod, (Hartenrod) and Aspach (Aschbach), which belonged to Waldmichelbach as branches before the war, from maintaining worship there. (Struven Pfälzische Kirchenhisterie p. 629.) From this we not only see that the parish in Absteinach was already established at that time, but we also learn from this where the Cent Absteinach was parish, at least for the most part, namely to Waldmichelbach. The other places may have belonged to Birkenau, where there was a much older parish. But since a Lutheran church and parish was established in the latter place, but in the Mainz places everything returned to Catholic teaching after 1653, the Mainz branches had to be separated from Birkenau and incorporated into the new Absteinach parish. Indeed, Birkenau and the associated municipalities , in view of the Catholic residents, even as a branch to Absteinach, so that in 1769, (due to the charter visit.), In addition to the parish of Oberabsteinach, 21 branches were added to this Parish belonged. As a result, the office of Birkenau (which concerns the Catholic) came to the parish of Mörlenbach, and it was not until 1802 that the Barons von Wambold established their own Catholic parish in Birkenau. The Balzenbach or Polsenbach farm was assigned to the Hemsbach parish. Nevertheless, Absteinach dermalen still has 16 branches and the selenium number in the entire parish is about 2000 selenium. The parish church in Absteinach was built around 1736, but the parsonage was not rebuilt until 1806. The tithes refers to 2/3 of Baron Wambold as Lehn, and 1/3 the Oberschaffnerei Lorsch. The right of the parish to present the parish belongs to the sovereign, who is also entitled to the Jus forestale in the whole cent, as well as in particular an oak forest in the Aigelberg. The Cent also has its own forest; also several Hubengüther . At Hubhaber Sämmtliche communities deliver this 254 cents Malter. "

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reported in 1829 about Ober-Abtsteinach:

»Oberabtsteinach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Pfarrdorf is located in a valley surrounded by high mountains 3 St. from Lindenfels an der Steinach, which has its origins nearby. There are 48 houses and 358 Catholic. Pop. On the nearby mountain called the Waldknopf, there is a wonderful view of the plain. The place itself does not appear in Lorsch documents, but the Steinach, from which it takes its name, already in 773. The parish was only built in 1651 and the current church was built in 1736. In 1802 Oberabtsteinach came from Mainz to Hesse. "

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

“Ober-Abtsteinach near Lindenfels. - village, for evangel. Parish Waldmichelbach, resp. Catholic parish Abtsteinach belonging. 48 H. 358 Catholic population - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - District of Heppenheim. - District Court of Fürth. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Ober-Abtsteinach, located in a valley on the Steinach surrounded by high mountains, came to Hesse from Mainz in 1802. Near the village is a mountain called the Waldknopf. "

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Ober-Abtsteinach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1654: 7 strokes
• 1806: 247 inhabitants, 27 houses
• 1812: 256 inhabitants, 28 houses
• 1829: 358 inhabitants, 48 ​​houses
• 1867: 413 inhabitants, 65 houses
Ober-Abtsteinach: Population from 1806 to 2011
year     Residents
1806
  
 247
1812
  
 256
1829
  
 358
1834
  
 369
1840
  
 448
1846
  
 510
1852
  
 779
1858
  
 498
1864
  
 433
1871
  
 430
1875
  
 439
1885
  
 424
1895
  
 433
1905
  
 528
1910
  
 552
1925
  
 533
1939
  
 571
1946
  
 797
1950
  
 789
1956
  
 846
1961
  
 936
1967
  
 1,042
1970
  
 1,157
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 1,356
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 358 Catholic (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 72 Protestant (= 7.69%), 857 Catholic (= 91.56%) residents

traffic

In Ober-Abtsteinach, several national roads meet. From the west comes from the direction of Birkenau via Kallstadt and Löhrbach the state road L 3408. The L 535 leads from Neckarsteinach in the south over the Steinachtal and Unter-Abtsteinach here and then further north-east to Wald-Michelbach . From Mackenheim , the northernmost district of Abtsteinach, the K 18 district road climbs the steep slope to the high valley basin, with lots of curves.

Local character

Ober-Abtsteinach forms the center of the community of Abtsteinach with the town hall and the Bonifatius church from the 17th century. There are also a number of shops here. A number of well-developed hiking trails run around the place, which can be used in all seasons. An “art hiking trail” was laid out between the grill hut and the sports field and is to be expanded further.

literature

  • Peter W Sattler: 1000 years of Abtsteinach being and becoming, design and change. Weinheim Druckhaus Diesbach GmbH 2012.
  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, Volume 1 October 1829
  • Literature about Ober-Abtsteinach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ober-Abtsteinach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  3. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 518-519 .
  4. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 347 ( online at google books ).
  5. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 64 ( online at google books ).
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349-350 .
  7. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 245 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 171 ( online at google books ).
  9. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 256 f . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  11. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  12. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.