Ober-Mumbach

Ober-Mumbach Municipality Mörlenbach Coordinates: 49 ° 34 ′ 45 ″  N , 8 ° 45 ′ 16 ″  E
Height :	210 m above sea level NN
Area :	3.31 km²
Residents :	922  (December 31, 2015)
Population density :	279 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	December 31, 1970
Postal code :	69509
Area code :	06209

Ober-Mumbach is a district of the municipality of Mörlenbach in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Ober-Mumbach is located southeast of Mörlenbach-Mitte in the western Odenwald near the Bergstrasse on the middle course of the Mumbach , a left eastern tributary of the Weschnitz , which turns to the west when coming from the south. The hamlet of Geisenbach , the Lempelstieg farm group and the individual farms Rapsgrund and Rohrbacher Höhe are located in the south of the district . The highest point of the district reaches a height of about 370 meters southeast of Geisenbach . Rohrbach is located up the valley and the hamlet of Nieder-Mumbach downstream .

history

overview

Ober-Mumbach was first mentioned in 1130 in the Lorsch Codex as Munnenbach . For 1568 it is documented that the place belonged to the " Zent-Waldmichelbach " of the Electoral Palatinate District Bailiwick of Lindenfels .

During the Reformation the place becomes Protestant and a branch of the Reformation parish of Wald-Michelbach. At the end of the Thirty Years' War (1648) the place, like many others in the region, was likely to have been almost deserted.

Under Palatinate rule, the place belonged to the Oberamt Lindenfels until 1803 and then came to Hesse as a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which ordered the dissolution of the Electoral Palatinate. From 1821 it was administered there by the Lindenfels district, with the mayor's office in Ober-Mumbach also responsible for Geisenbach , Hornbach , Reisen , Schimbach (today the hamlet of the municipality of Birkenau) .

Later the mayor for Ober-Mumbach was in travel before it administered itself. Through several administrative reforms in Hesse, the place belonged to the districts of Lindenfels and Heppenheim until it came to today's Bergstrasse district in 1938 .

On April 1, 1958, the municipality of Rohrbach was incorporated and in the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse, the previously independent municipalities of Mörlenbach, Ober-Liebersbach, Ober-Mumbach and Vöckelsbach merged to form the new municipality Mörlenbach on December 31, 1970.

From the beginning to the 18th century

Ober-Mumbach arose in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Ober-Mumbach was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . After long disputes could Palatinate and the Archdiocese of Mainz early 14th century about the legacy of the Lorsch Abbey few and the Palatine parts were the Amtsvogtei managed Lindenfels.

The earliest known mention of Ober-Mumbach was in the Lorsch Codex as Munnenbach in 1130 , in which the Lorsch Abbot Diemo left the village of Munnenbach and a Hube in Kirchhausen to the Michelstadt Monastery in exchange for the land of Weinheim Castle. The next mention comes from the year 1347, when the Count Palatine Ruprecht II. Allowed Dieter von Hattenheim a Wittum for his wife Magarete von Richenstein, over the tithe on Mummenbach and a valid to Mörlenbach. In 1568 ten farmsteads and a half court are given for Mumbach. As High jurisdiction is centering court Waldmichelbach called.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. After the Reformation, the existing church in Wald-Michelbach was used by the Reformed . The places of the Zent became branches of the parishes in Wald-Michelbach. 1613 Ober-Mumbach was still mentioned as a branch of Mörlenbach.

In Mumbach in 1613 " Bede , Zins, Gülten, Atzung , Frohndienst and other favors " have the Handschuhsheim monastery. Two thirds of the tithing belonged to the Junker Rodenstein as a Palatinate fief and the Handschuhsheim monastery to one third.

At the end of the Thirty Years' War (1648), the place, like many others in the region, was almost deserted. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

From a religious point of view, too, the time after the Thirty Years' War was marked by great unrest. In 1685 the Reformed Palatinate-Simmern line died out and the Catholic cousins ​​of the Palatinate-Neuburg line took over the government in the Electoral Palatinate with Elector Philipp Wilhelm . This ordered the equality of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Palatinate. Even during the War of the Palatinate Succession, France tried to advance the Counter-Reformation in the conquered areas and founded a number of Catholic parishes. The war ended in 1697 with the Peace of Rijswijk , which strengthened the position of the then reigning Catholic Elector Johann Wilhelm . This led to the decree of the Simultaneum on October 26, 1698 . According to this, the Catholics were entitled to use all reformed institutions such as churches, schools and cemeteries, while the reverse was not allowed. Furthermore, the reformed church administration, which had been independent until then, was subordinated to the sovereign. Only at the instigation of Prussia in 1705 came the so-called Palatinate church division in which the simultanum was reversed and the churches in the country, including rectories and schools, were divided between the Reformed and the Catholics in a ratio of five to two. There were special regulations for the three capitals Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal as well as the regional authorities Alzey , Kaiserslautern , Oppenheim , Bacharach and Weinheim . In cities with two churches, one should go to Protestants and the other to Catholics; in the others, where there was only one church, the choir was separated from the nave by a wall, and the one to the Catholics and the other to the Protestants. The Lutherans were only allowed those churches that they owned in 1624 or had built afterwards. In 1739 the Catholics built their own church consecrated to Saint Lawrence. In 1780 the Lutherans set up a church in their schoolhouse.

For 1784 13 houses and 113 souls have been handed down and the district contained 400 acres of fields, 85 acres of meadows, 5 acres of gardens and 114 acres of forest, 58 acres of which belonged to the community and the rest to the lifting goods . In addition, there were 800 acres of forest that was used jointly by the "Zent Wald-Michelbach". There was an electoral forester who was in charge of this as well as of all the other forests of the "Zent Wald-Michelbach" and the "Zent Hammelbach" . The Electoral Palatinate Court Chamber took two of the tithe and the Handschuhsheim Monastery a third.

Until 1737, the Lindenfels Office was under the Heidelberg Upper Office , after which Lindenfels became an Upper Office in the Palatinate County near Rhine in the Electorate of Palatinate Bavaria . Ober-Mumbach was part of the " Zent Waldmichelbach " within the Lindenfels Office .

From the 19th century until today

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the " Left Bank of the Rhine " and thus the left bank of the Rhine were annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was passed, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . He ordered the dissolution of the Electoral Palatinate and assigned the area of ​​the Oberamt Lindenfels to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt as compensation for lost areas on the left bank of the Rhine. There the "Oberamt Lindenfels" was initially continued as the Hessian district bailiff . Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , against placing high military contingents in France and joining the Confederation of the Rhine , otherwise he was threatened with invasion. In the Grand Duchy, the administrative area of ​​the "Lindenfels Office" was divided up in 1812 and Ober-Mumbach was assigned to the "Waldmichelbach Office". The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg".

In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Ober-Mumbach becoming part of the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Ober-Mumbach was also responsible for Weisenbach , Hornbach , Reisen, Schimbach (today a hamlet of the municipality of Birkenau) . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised so that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Ober-Mumbach now belonged. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Ober-Mumbach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Obermimbach : Luteran, Reformation and Catholic branch village with 155 inhabitants. These include the Geisenbacher Höfe and the Hof Repsgrund. The district consists of 1,061 acres , 641 acres of arable land, 163 acres of meadows and 238 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, for the subsidiary village of Ober-Mumbach with the mayor's office Reisen, 21 houses, 198 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Wald-Michelbach regional court, the Protestant Reformed parish Wald-Michelbach and the Lutheran parish Birkenau of the deanery of Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Mörlenbach of the deanery of Heppenheim. The hamlet of Geisenbach (5 houses, 34 inhabitants) and the Rohrbacher Mühle (1 houses, 4 inhabitants) were also administered by the mayor's office .

After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Ober-Mumbach into the Heppenheim district .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 331  hectares , of which 67 hectares were forest.

On April 1, 1958, the municipality of Rohrbach was incorporated and in the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipalities of Mörlenbach, Ober-Liebersbach , Ober-Mumbach and Vöckelsbach voluntarily merged to form the new municipality of Mörlenbach. For Ober-Mumbach and the other former municipalities, local districts with local advisory councils and local councilors were set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

Courts in Hessen

The jurisdiction of the Oberamt Lindenfels was transferred to the new justice office in Fürth in 1813. With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . In 1853 a new district court was created, the seat of which was in Wald-Michelbach and to which Ober-Mumbach also belonged. On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Wald-Michelbach District Court and assigned to the district of the Darmstadt Regional Court . On July 1, 1968, the district court district was added to the district court of Fürth and the district court of Wald-Michelbach was dissolved.

Historical descriptions

In the attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Pfalz am Rheine can be found in 1786 via Ober-Mumbach:

“Ober-Mumbach. Three hours from the town of Lindenfels also to the south, Vöckelsbach has a covered neighbor to the east; towards the south the Wambold village of Rorbach; towards the west the next village of Reissen; to the north the Kurmainzischen places Mörlenbach and Weiher. [...] The Grunbach, which rises near the Kurmainzischen village Schnorrbach, flows through the village, but changes its name to Mumbach, takes up three small brooks, among which are the Dark and Hintergingen, drives a grinding mill, and falls into the following village Weschniz. "

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports in 1829 about Ober-Mumbach;

»Obermumbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) luth., Ref., And cath. Branch village; is 2 ¹ ⁄ ₂   St. von Lindenfels has 22 houses and 149 inhabitants, 77 of them Luth. 53 reform. and 19 Cath. are located. - In the 13th century, the Celle zu Michelstadt received this place as a replacement for the Burg zu Weinheim that had been withdrawn from it. In 1802 Obermumbach came from Churpfalz to Hesse. "

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

“Ober-Mumbach near Lindenfels. - Village, to the evangel. Parishes of Birkenau and Waldmichelbach, resp. Catholic parish Mörlenbach belongs. - 22 H. 149 (mostly Protestant) E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Fürth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Ober-Mumbach belonged to Churpfalz until 1802. «

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1784:	113 souls, 13 houses
• 1961:	315 Protestant (= 66.18%), 156 Catholic (= 33.40%) residents

Ober-Mumbach: Population from 1784 to 1970
year				Residents
1784			113
1829			149
1834			251
1840			315
1846			299
1852			256
1858			294
1864			301
1871			297
1875			307
1885			317
1895			294
1905			322
1910			362
1925			388
1939			370
1946			461
1950			452
1956			445
1961			476
1967			597
1970			416
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources:

Transport and infrastructure

Offroad upper Mumbach is through the county road opened K 12, coming from travel via low-Mumbach ends in Rohrbach. A two-kilometer-long community connecting road leads from Ober-Mumbach over the Tannenbuckel directly to Mörlenbach-Mitte. Ober-Mumbach is served by the bus route 692 of the Rhein-Neckar transport association. This runs in the morning with 3 trips to the surrounding train stations and schools and at noon with 6 trips back to Ober-Mumbach, and again one trip out of town. The rest of the day only a call taxi is used that drives under line 6992.

literature

• Wagner, Otto: Heimatbuch Mörlenbach: with Bonsweiher, Ober-Liebersbach, Ober-Mumbach, Vöckelsbach, Weiher. Publisher: Mörlenbach: Gemeinde Mörlenbach, 1983, ISBN 3-9800907-0-1
• Johann Goswin Widder: Attempt of a complete geographic-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine. Volume 1 , Leipzig 1786–1788. ( Online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
• Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, volume October 1 , 1829.
• Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858 ( online at google books ).
• Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854. ( online at google books )

Web links

• Ober-Mumbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
• Website of the municipality of Mörlenbach

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Ober-Mumbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
2. ↑ Budget 2018. (PDF; 7 MB) In: Internatauftritt. Mörlenbach community, p. 4 , archived from the original ; accessed in June 2018 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, p. 520
4. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 52 ( online at google books ).
5. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 49 ( online at google books ).
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 518 f ., 6) Ober-Mumbach ( online at googe books ).
7. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
8. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
9. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
10. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
11. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
12. ↑ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse according to history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 348 ( online at google books )
13. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, p. 66 ( online at google books )
14. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
15. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 . 
16. ↑ Gerstenmeier, K.-H. (1977): Hessen. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation. Melsungen. P. 214
17. ↑ Main statutes of the community of Mörlenbach. (PDF file 297 KB) p. 3 § 6 , accessed in May 2019 . 
18. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
19. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 1 g) and Article 2, Paragraph 1 c) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
20. ↑ Georg W. Wagner: Volume 1, p. 173 ( online at Google Books )
21. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 2, p. 273 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )