Groß-Breitenbach

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Groß-Breitenbach
Municipality Mörlenbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 36 ′ 39 ″  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 21 ″  E
Height : 188 m
Residents : 98  (1946)
Postal code : 69509
Area code : 06209

Gross-Breitenbach is a settlement in the district Mörlenbach the town of Mörlenbach in southern Hesse Bergstraße district .

geography

Geographical location

Headwaters of the Groß-Breitenbacher valley with a view of Götzenstein and Kisselbusch

Groß-Breitenbach is located in the north of the Mörlenbach district in the western Odenwald near the Bergstrasse . The settlement mainly follows the valley of the Holzgraben , a right western tributary of the Weschnitz , for about one and a half kilometers . Apart from about 5 agricultural farmsteads scattered around the village, Groß-Breitenbach consists of about 160 inhabited properties, which are distributed in almost complete development on the local road called Groß-Breitenbach and a few short cross streets. At the southeast end of the village there is a connection to the first houses of the core community Mörlenbach and beyond the Weschnitzbrücke to an industrial park. To the northwest of Groß-Breitenbach lies the wooded hill Taschengrube (297 m) and 1 km south of it, covered with a small forest, the Steinböhl (approx. 261 m).

geology

The area around Groß-Breitenbach is one of the largest geological units in the crystalline Odenwald , the → Weschnitzpluton in the Weschnitzsenke. Granodiorite was formed here in the Lower Carboniferous between 333 and 329 million years ago with the Variscan mountainous formation . During the ore formation processes, cracks tore open in the rock mass west of the village, into which bary quartz melts penetrated and crystallized there.

Today's landscape was formed around 45 million years ago. The cause was tectonic movements, which led to the lowering of the Upper Rhine Rift and to a fissure and division of the Odenwald into many mountain blocks. In addition, the warm, humid tertiary climate promoted weathering and the watercourses of the Weschnitz side valleys near Mörlenbach, such as the Breitenbacher brooks, cut deep into the terrain and sawed up the mountain massifs. Large parts of the granodiorite masses disintegrated into grus , rains washed it into the valley and the streams carried away the rubble. Because of its harder rock, the Steinböhl was preserved as a ridge between the Groß- and Klein-Breitenbacher Tal.

Under these climatic conditions, the granodiorite rock groups also formed on the slopes of the Juhöhe and the Kreiswald : the upper parts of the ridges tore into blocks, which were then rounded off by chemical weathering and slid down the slope at the end of the Ice Age.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Groß-Breitenbach arose in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out, including the Weschnitz valley with its side valleys. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

Groß-Breitenbach, like the villages in the neighboring Weschnitznebentäler valleys , was laid out from Mörlenbach as a systematic Waldhufensiedlung around the 11th century . The farms were mostly north-east of the stream at a distance of about 200 meters, each within a wide strip of arable land and meadow that was marked out as a “hoof or hatch” across the valley through the fields.

In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office.

In 1267, a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) is mentioned for the first time , who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , to which Groß-Breitenbach belonged. Cent Mörlenbach developed as a court of the “lower jurisdiction” and a subordinate administrative unit, the oldest surviving description of which dates from 1504 and included Groß-Breitenbach. This mention was a survey of the troops to be provided by the Zent Mörlenbach for the Landshut War of Succession .

The first mention of Groß-Breitenbach comes from a Salbuch from 1480 in which, as well as in the copy book from 1590 for Groß-Breitenbach, 5 Hubs were named.

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

When Spanish troops of the "Catholic League" conquered the region during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) , Kurmainzer rule was restored in 1623. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The Zente Abtsteinach , Fürth and Mörlenbach where Broß_breitenbach was who were Amtsvogtei Fürth subordinated and had to give up their powers largely. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz . Ecclesiastically, the place belonged to the parish of Mörlenbach as a subsidiary village under Kurmainzer rule.

From the 19th century until today

Groß-Breitenbach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Groß-Breitenbach also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

In 1812 the former Palatinate Oberamt Lindenfels was dissolved and Wald-Michelbach, which already existed as a center, was given its own district bailiwick , whose area was also assigned to Groß-Breitenbach.

In 1812 Konrad Dahl reported in his historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, about Groß-Breitenbach as the place of the "Zent Mörlenbach":

"Groß and Kleinbreitenbach, two small villages on the Weschnitz, 1/4 hour from Mörlenbach, contain 13 houses and 1 mill with 127 selenium."

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, which brought Groß-Breitenbach to the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Mörlenbach was also responsible for Groß- and Kleinbreitenbach , Oberliebersbach and Untermumbach (today Nieder-Mumbach) . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Großbreitenbach in 1829:

»Großbreitenbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Filialdorf, located on the Weschnitz 2 St. von Lindenfels and has 11 houses and 98 inhabitants, except for 3 Luth. and 1 reform. are catholic. The place came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, for the branch village Gross-Breitenbach in the area of ​​Mörlenbach and the mayor's office in Mörlenbach, 14 houses, 103 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Rimbach of the deanery of Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Mörlenbach of the deanery of Heppenheim.

The population development up to the 20th century was slow (1623: 6 houses; 1675: 5 families; 1803: 7 houses (46 inhabitants); 1806: 9 houses; 1828: 11 houses (98 inhabitants); 1861: 14 houses; 1885: 17 houses (126 inhabitants); 1900: 15 houses; 1939: 19 households (97 inhabitants); 1946: 139 inhabitants).

For the further history of the place see history of Mörlenbach .

post war period

Since the 1950s, a largely contiguous residential area, including the farms and connected to the core community of Mörlenbach, has developed in the local street and in some side streets, and the historical agricultural character has changed. The hilly landscape of Groß-Breitenbach is still characterized by hedges and rows of trees along the field paths as well as by woods and orchards used as horse pastures .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Groß-Breitenbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

See the municipality of Mörlenbach for the further course.

Transport and infrastructure

Road traffic

Via the Groß-Breitenbach municipal road, there is a connection to the federal road 38 at the southeast end of the village beyond the Weschnitz Valley Railway . In the south, Schlesierstraße forms the inner-city connection to the core community of Mörlenbach.

View from Steinböhl to the southeast over the Groß-Breitenbacher- and Weschnitz-Tal to the southern part of the Tromm- Odenwald. Zotzenbach behind left

Hiking trails

Circular trails over the Hoppershof (fish ponds) in the Weschnitztal or over the Fohlenweide (partly natural history hiking trail with information boards ), the Waldsee and the Steinböhl : Panoramic view over the Weschnitz Valley (see picture) from Lindenfels to Weinheim

Jogging and walking routes around the forest lake

Forest and high-altitude trails to the excursion destinations Bonsweiher , Juhöhe (partly art trail Mörlenbach to the Zigeunerkopf , 359 m), Kreiswald and Albersbach

The Goldweg on Albersbacher Hang got its name from a find during the construction of the road in 1932: 198 German and foreign silver coins, which were minted between 1566 and 1694, and allegedly also a piece of gold, lay in a stone jug.

literature

  • Otto Wagner (editor): Heimatbuch Mörlenbach. Self-published by the municipality of Mörlenbach, 1983.
  • Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau ... , 1812 ( online at google books )
  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg. Volume 1, 1829.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wagner, 1983, p. 278.
  2. ^ Erwin Nickel : Odenwald - Vorderer Odenwald between Darmstadt and Heidelberg . (= Collection of geological guides. 65). 2nd Edition. Borntraeger, Berlin 1985, p. 12ff.
  3. ^ Otto Wagner (editor): Heimatbuch Mörlenbach . Self-published by the municipality of Mörlenbach. 1983, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Nitz: The rural settlement forms of the Odenwald . (= Heidelberg geographic work. H. 7). Heidelberg / Munich 1962.
  5. ↑ Hess. State Archives Darmstadt, Salbuch 47a (Sign C2, St. No. 47a).
  6. ↑ Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe, Kopialbuch 882 , Fol.234.
  7. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau, Darmstadt 1812. S. 178ff ( online at google books )
  8. ↑ a b Groß-Breitenbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of June 11, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 22, 2015 .
  9. ↑ Wagner, 1983, p. 94ff.
  10. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  11. ↑ a b Konrad Dahl, p. 243 ( online at Google Books )
  12. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  13. ↑ Georg W. Wagner, p. 89. ( Online at Google Books )
  14. ↑ Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1869, p. 32 ( online at google books )
  15. ↑ Wagner, 1983, p. 278.
  16. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  17. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  18. ↑ Hiking and cycling map No. 8 of the Bergstraße-Odenwald nature park : Bergstraße-Weschnitztal
  19. ^ Wagner, 1983, p. 593.