Zotzenbach

Zotzenbach Municipality Rimbach (Odenwald)
Coordinates: 49 ° 36 '11 "  N , 8 ° 45' 55"  E
Height :	193 m above sea level NN
Area :	7.68 km²
Residents :	2124  (Dec. 31, 2014)
Population density :	277 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	December 31, 1971
Postal code :	64668
Area code :	06253
Zotzenbach, looking south

With over 2100 inhabitants, Zotzenbach is the largest district of the municipality of Rimbach in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse, after Rimbach-Mitte .

geography

Geographical location

Zotzenbach is located on both sides of the stream of the same name in the Weschnitz Valley in the Vorderen Odenwald approx. 30 km north of Heidelberg . Apart from the nearby hamlet of Münschbach, it is the only district south of Rimbach-Mitte and east of the Weschnitz. The extensive area around Zotzenbach extends from the Weschnitz lowlands to the east to the summit region of the Tromm and includes the 27-meter-high Ireneturm , named after a princess of Hessen-Darmstadt, to the west of the summit . Zotzenbach thus has a share in the Überwald region and, at over 570 meters above sea level, has the highest elevation in the Rimbach municipality. At the southern end of the district, the hamlet of Unter-Mengelbach still belongs to Zotzenbach.

Neighboring communities

The district borders in the south and west on Mörlenbach , in the east on Wald-Michelbach and Grasellenbach , in the north on the district Münschbach and Rimbach-Mitte.

traffic

Coming from the federal highway 38 , the L 3409 leads to the entrance of Zotzenbach, or as a bypass road south around Zotzenbach in the direction of Wald-Michelbach.

The connection from Zotzenbach to the larger cities in the area ( Weinheim , Mannheim , Heidelberg ) takes place via the B 38 or B 38a and the Saukopftunnel . The latter gives a motorway connection of approx. 15 minutes.

A train of all Weschnitztal municipalities, the Weschnitz Valley Railway . The Weschnitz Valley Railway runs between Weinheim and Fürth (Odenwald) . The train runs - only during the day - every 30 minutes, Sat-Sun and public holidays every hour. Rimbach and Zotzenbach are connected to each other by a pedestrian and bicycle path, in addition to motorways.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The oldest mention of the place can be found in the Lorsch Codex , a property register of the imperial monastery Lorch . Here, the donation of is under the number 40. Lüther from the year 877 documents to the monastery. He had the lifelong enfeoffment of these goods and other places, including Zotzenbach ( villa Zoszumbach ), which the monastery gave as a fief. At that time, this was a common procedure used by noble lords to secure salvation for themselves after their death. Hans Jürgen Nitz describes Zotzenbach in his work The rural settlement forms of the Odenwald: Investigation of their typology a. Genesis and principles d. spatial Organization d. medieval Settlement as the oldest Waldhufendorf in Germany. Supported by many other donations, the Lorsch Monastery belonged to the 9th-12th Century one of the largest and most powerful Benedictine abbeys in Germany. When after the decline of the monastery, in 1232 Emperor Friedrich II. The empire abbey Lorsch to the archbishopric Mainz and his bishop Siegfried III. Von Eppstein transferred to reform, the area of ​​the later office of Schönberg , to which Zotzenbach also belonged, was already in the possession of the Count Palatine .

Before 1290, Zotzenbach came to the rule of Erbach as a Palatinate fief , because from this year a donation from Konrad von Erbach to the Schönau monastery has been handed down, in which he leaves the monastery "the above-mentioned income from Zotzenbach" for the salvation of his soul. Further evidence for the Erbach feudal lordship are:

• The document from 1339. in the Schenk Konrad von Erbach his wife Kunigunde, geb. Brugge, with will of his lords Pfalzgraf Rudolf , with a quarter of the castle Schoenberg to the slopes belong to Schoenberg, Elmshausen, Wilms home, Gronau, Zell and Reilenbach, bewittumt .
• The document from 1385 in which Count Palatine Ruprecht I approved the pledge of the villages of Zotzenbach and Rimbach to Hanemann von Sickingen and Hennel von Mosbach to the donor Eberhard von Erbach .

The county of Erbach belonged to the Franconian Empire from 1500 and the Erbach taverns were raised to the status of imperial count in 1532. The high jurisdiction over the place was exercised by the Zent Heppenheim , whose highest judge was the burgrave on the Starkenburg (over Heppenheim), first mentioned in 1267 . The lower jurisdiction lay with the Vogteigericht in Rimbach. To 1475 is a Weistum obtained from the erbachischen rights. In 1590 the lower jurisdiction in Zotzenbach was then exercised by the Mörlenbach center . The assignment to the Cent Mörlenbach seems to have existed only temporarily, because a Vogteigergericht book for Rimbach and Zotzenbach has been handed down from 1698. The Erbachischen rights were exercised by the office of Schönberg . The tithe in Zotzenbach was initially given to the Count Palatinate who gave it to the Counts of Erbach in part as a fief. These, in turn, enfeoffed the lower nobility with parts of the tithe, but many of these fiefs were returned to Erbach in the course of time. In 1717, Erbach claimed two thirds of the tithing, and the head of the Lorsch monastery, which maintained and administered the remaining rights of the monastery.

In the 16th century, the Reformation also found its way into the Odenwald. By 1544 the Counts of Erbach had introduced the Lutheran creed for their county , and the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was only under Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. At that time the subjects also had to follow their rulers in matters of faith. From an ecclesiastical point of view, Zotzenbach and Mengelbach belonged to the parish in Mörlenbach before the Reformation . There was also a chapel in the village that was dedicated to “Our Lady”, as well as a cemetery and its own chaplain. After the Reformation, Zotzenbach was assigned to the parish of Rimbach.

In 1618 the Thirty Years' War began , from which the office of Schönberg also suffered in 1622 at the latest, when League troops attacked and plundered it several times. In the mid-1630s, the Swedish-French War was the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War. The chroniclers of that time reported from the region: “Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty”. When peace was signed in 1648, the population in the region had shrunk to a quarter, and many villages were deserted for years. After a short period of peace, the French Reunion Wars followed , which brought new afflictions to the region. In the autumn of 1696, during the War of the Palatinate Succession, Schönberg Palace was attacked. It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine.

In 1717 the Erbach Count's House was divided and Schönberg Palace became the seat of the younger line Erbach-Schönberg under Count Georg August zu Erbach-Schönberg . This received the offices of Schönberg and King and half of the reign of Breuberg . The Erbach-Schönberg line made the castle their place of residence, which gave it its current castle character. In the same year, Zotzenbach, including Mengelbach, was counted 20 centmen and 4 bystanders .

The mention of an own school in Zotzenbach dates from 1729, before that the Zotzenbach children attended the school in Rimbach. In the first 100 years, the teachers also provided the premises for the class. It was not until 1827 that the place received its own school building.

From the 19th century until today

Zotzenbach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) was reorganized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803. This last set of laws of the old empire implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and ushered in the end of the old empire. Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. The County of Erbach was mediated by the Rhine Federation Act and largely incorporated into the newly founded Grand Duchy of Hesse, including the “Office of Schönberg”. The office was initially retained as a civil office.

As early as December 9, 1803, the judicial system in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was reorganized through an executive order. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function. The regulations also applied in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, founded in 1806.

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, reports in 1812 about Zotzenbach as an Erbachian place of the Heppenheim district:

»Zotzenbach is also a considerable place, and a branch of Rimbach which is half an hour away. Before this it had a special chapel and a chaplain, to whom Schenk Heinrich bequeathed a Malter Korn annually in 1381. This place used to have a special court like us the certificate at Schneider No. 39. 5. p. 563 teaches. Zotzenbach contains 55 houses and 432 inhabitants. "

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed that the County of Erbach was part of the “Principality of Starkenburg” of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. As a result, provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy in 1816 and the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg” was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope remained partially until 1848 exist.

In 1821/22, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Schönberg being assigned to the district of Lindenfels in 1822 . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . For the office of Schönberg, the lower jurisdiction was exercised in the name of the landlords by the district administrator. It was not until 1826 that all functions of the former rulers' office in Schönberg were transferred to the state institutions. This reform also arranged the administrative administration at community level, with Zotzenbach having its own mayor's office , which was also responsible for Mengelbach.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Zotzenbach in 1829:

»Zotzenbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) Lutheran Filialdorf; is 2 St. from Lindenfels and belongs to the Count of Erbach Schönberg. The place consists of 64 houses and 563 inhabitants, the other 13 reform. and 10 Cath. Lutheran. Among these are 11 farmers, 33 tradespeople and 37 day laborers. The place still had a special court in 1475 and came under Hess in 1806. Your Highness. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Zotzenbach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district.

From 1839 the Nibelungenstrasse was expanded from Bensheim into the Lautertal to Lindenfels, thus creating an important contribution to improving the infrastructure of the front Odenwald . A further improvement was achieved with the opening of the Main-Neckar Railway in 1846, which initially connected Bensheim with Langen , Darmstadt and Heppenheim and a little later extended to Frankfurt and Mannheim . In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 to 1848:

»Zotzenbach b. Lindenfels. - Village, to Rimbach regarding the evangelicals and to Mörlenbach regarding. of the Catholics. - 64 H. 563 E. (Incl. 10 catalog) - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Fürth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. –– The village of Zotzenbach, part of the rulership of the Count of Erbach – Schönberg, was in 1806 under grand duke. Hessian sovereignty. There are several tradespeople among the inhabitants. The community includes the Unter-Mengelbacher Höfe, 2 mills and 1 house near Mumbach. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . However, this was reversed on May 12, 1852 as a result of the reaction era and Zotzenbach was assigned to the newly founded Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Zotzenbach: Lutheran branch village with 693 inhabitants. This includes the Untermengelbacher Höfe and a mill. The district consists of 3071 acres , 1493 acres of arable land, 372 acres of meadows and 1136 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the branch village of Zotzenbach with its own mayor's office, 105 houses, 725 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Protestant parish Zotzenbach with the deanery in Lindenfels and the Catholic parish Mörlenbach des Deanery Heppenheim, indicated. The district also included the Mengelbacher Höfe (Unter-Mengelbach) (5 houses, 58 inhabitants) and a house (5 inhabitants) in Münschbach. The responsible tax commissioner is Zwingenberg of the Birkenau district revenue and Bensheim district revenue. The domain administration consists of the Lindenfels Rent Office, the Wald-Michelbach Forestry Office with the Rimbach Forestry Office.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Zotzenbach into the Heppenheim district .

In 1869 the opening of the Nibelungen Railway from Worms via Lorsch to Bensheim was celebrated, where it was connected to the Rhein-Neckar Railway , which was completed in 1846 . In 1884 a post office was opened in the village, which also gave ordinary citizens access to the postal service. On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire . Further infrastructure improvements were reported for 1900, so near Worms both the Ernst Ludwig Bridge for road traffic and the railway bridge over the Rhine were opened to traffic. In Zotzenbach, the construction of a public water supply began in 1909 and in 1912 the village was connected to the power supply and a nursing station was opened. The numbers of emigrants show that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted.

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Zotzenbach also had 43 fallen and missing to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human victims. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany. A children's school (kindergarten) was opened in Zotzenbach in 1925 by the "Landeskirchliche Gemeinschaft" and in 1926 the memorial for those who died in the First World War was built, which was expanded in 1946 to accommodate those who died in the Second World War.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. In November 1938 the so-called Reichskristallnacht brought hardship and misery to the Jewish fellow citizens.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time. Zotzenbach had 104 fallen or missing soldiers in this war.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Zotzenbach also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 768  hectares , of which 285 hectares were forest.

The municipality of Zotzenbach joined the municipality of Rimbach on the occasion of the regional reform in Hesse on December 31, 1971. For Zotzenbach, as for all incorporated places, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was formed.

The local chronicle reports the following events for the period after the Second World War:

• 1954, the village road was paved.
• 1959/60, the new building of the kindergarten.
• 1971, the end of elementary school in Zotzenbach. All pupils from the 5th grade attend schools in Rimbach.
• 1971/72, the construction of a cemetery chapel.
• 1977, the 1100th anniversary of the first mention of Zotzenbach.
• 1982, the inauguration and handover of the drum hall to schools and clubs.
• 1988, the handover of the sports facility in the "Dörrwiese" to the clubs.

Courts in Hessen

Until 1822 the competent jurisdiction lay with the municipal office of Schönberg . From 1822 to 1826 lower jurisdiction was exercised by the district administrator on behalf of the landlord. In 1826 jurisdiction was transferred to the Fürth district court in the first instance . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts functioned as higher courts. As a result, it was renamed the Fürth District Court and assigned to the district of the Darmstadt Regional Court .

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1991:

1015 Protestant (= 79.61%), 245 Catholic (= 19.22%) residents

Zotzenbach: Population from 1829 to 2014
year				Residents
1829			563
1834			710
1840			758
1846			762
1852			693
1858			698
1864			784
1871			820
1875			812
1885			826
1895			804
1905			885
1910			911
1925			886
1939			862
1946			1,218
1950			1,235
1956			1,201
1961			1,275
1967			1,300
2014			2.124
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources:

politics

After the incorporation into the municipality of Rimbach, a daily manned citizen's office in the old Zotzenbach town hall remained for the interests of the Zotzenbacher citizens . The Zotzenbach local council has seven seats, which are divided as follows after the local elections in Hesse in 2016 :

• CDU: 2 seats
• SPD: 2 seats
• FWG: 3 seats

The head of the village is Hans Göttmann (FWG).

Culture and sights

theatre

The amateur actors of the RoLaZoLa put on a play every year.

Regular events

• Mardi Gras events
• Barbecue and summer parties of the local clubs
• Zotzenbacher Kerwe (until 2011)
• Advent bazaar
• New Year's Eve meeting
• Automobile mountain slalom on the former mountain race track

Buildings

• Evangelical Church, built in 1877 by Philipp Johann Berdellé
• Singer waiting room
• Old Town Hall
• Local museum
• Renewed town center with a stream
• Primary school (sandstone construction)

Infrastructure

The leisure activities in Zotzenbach are mainly shaped by the work of many associations. Around Zotzenbach there are many hiking opportunities through nature (e.g. on the nearby Tromm ). Zotzenbach became known across wide boundaries through the hill climb on the "Zotzenbacher Racetrack" (L3409), which was held for many years, which, however, is no longer allowed to take place for reasons of nature conservation.

The Trommhalle in Zotzenbach provides the population with a sport and cultural facility that is used for theater, concerts and other celebrations in addition to the weekly practice hours and competitions of the numerous Zotzenbach clubs.

literature

• Johannes Bickel: The village of Zotzenbach. A contribution to local history. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Giessen 1975.
• Literature on Zotzenbach in the Hessian Bibliography
• Search for Zotzenbach in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library

Web links

Commons : Zotzenbach  - Collection of Images

• District Zotzenbach on the website of the municipality of Rimbach.
• Private website for the place
• Zotzenbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Municipality of Rimbach budget 2016. Cover page II. (Pdf) ( Memento from February 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), accessed in February 2016
2. ^ Karl Josef Minst [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 40, October 1, 877 - Reg. 3510. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 100 , accessed on February 21, 2016 . 
3. ↑ Hans Jürgen Nitz: The rural settlement forms of the Odenwald: Investigation about their typology u. Genesis and principles d. spatial Organization d. medieval Siedlungsbildes , Heidelberg, Phil. F., Diss. Oct. 2, 1959, DNB 480042748
4. ↑ ^{a b} Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, pp. 641–642
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, pp. 772-773
6. ^ ^{A b} Gustav Simon: The history of the dynasts and counts of Erbach and their country , Verlag Brönner, Frankfurt a. M. 1858, p. 143ff ( online at Google Books )
7. ^ Manfred Schaarschmidt: The history of Schönberg. January 2003, archived from the original on March 27, 2009 ; accessed on October 15, 2015 . 
8. ↑ ^{a b c d} The story of Zotzenbach on the website of the municipality of Rimbach
9. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Oberrheingau. , Darmstadt 1812, p. 199 ( online at Google Books )
10. ↑ Announcement, the administration of the district administration's business and the judiciary of the first instance in the former office of Schönberg on July 7, 1826 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. p. 178 )
11. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, p. 268 ( online at Google Books ).
12. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF 8.61 MB) A terrible path through the valley. P. 38 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 . 
13. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 2, p. 834 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
14. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
15. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
16. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
17. ↑ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse according to history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 351 ( online at google books )
18. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, p. 54 ( online at google books )
19. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 . 
20. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
21. ↑ Timeline on the website of the municipality of Biblis , accessed on December 1, 2014
22. ↑ online monument project: Zotzenbach, World War I , accessed on December 26, 2015
23. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 . 
24. ↑ ^{a b c d} Zotzenbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 12, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
25. ↑ online monument project: Zotzenbach, World War II , accessed on December 26, 2015
26. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
27. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
28. ↑ Committees and parties on the Rimbach municipality's website, accessed in March 2017.