Lauten-Weschnitz

Lauten-Weschnitz Rimbach municipality Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 53 "  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 32"  E
Height :	203 m
Area :	1.58 km²
Residents :	357  (Dec. 31, 2014)
Population density :	226 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	December 31, 1971
Postal code :	64668
Area code :	06253

Lauten-Weschnitz is a district of the municipality of Rimbach in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Lauten-Weschnitz is together with the nearby Mitlechtern north of Rimbach-Mitte at the confluence of the Seidenbach in the Lörzenbach , a right western tributary of the Weschnitz in the front Odenwald . Both districts together form a narrow, elongated corner that slides between the city of Heppenheim in the west and the municipality of Fürth in the east. Between this tip and the main part of the Rimbach municipal area, a partially wooded hill rises as a barrier, rising to a good 300 meters.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The place originated in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim". On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . It was first mentioned in 805, as parvum Ludenwiscoz, on the stone document in the basement of the north tower of St. Peter in Heppenheim, where a description of the Heppenheim parish from that time is located. After long disputes could Palatinate and the Archdiocese of Mainz early 14th century about the legacy of the Lorsch Abbey few and the Palatine parts which include lute Weschnitrz belonged were the Amtsvogtei managed Lindenfels. Until 1737 Lindenfels was subordinate to the Heidelberg Oberamt , after which Lindenfels became an independent Oberamt .

On September 29, 1414, Count Palatine Ludwig III. the donor Eberhard VII. from the Fürstenau line the tithe to Erlenbach and the villages of Siegelsbrunn, Ludewisches and his part in Scharbach ( Siedelsbrunn and Lauten-Weschnitz) with court bailiwick and other accessories for man fief This fiefdom was exchanged back in 1509 to the Palatinate for the village of Hetzbach near Beerfelden. The name Ludenweschenz was used in the document . As a high court for certain offenses such as "theft, murder, screaming murder, robbery and heresy" was initially the court of the " Cent Heppenheim " on the Landsberg, while the " lower jurisdiction " lay with the half court in Lauten-Weschnitz. Later (it is documented in 1613) Thalzent and the Oberhof in Lindenfels were responsible for Lauten-Weschnitz.
Under the rule of the Palatinate, Lauten-Weschnitz belonged to the Lindenfels office until 1803, where it belonged to the Thalzent. Together with Lindenfels, the court had an execution site in the "Faustenbacher Hecken auf dem Bühel". Thalzent had to bear half the costs for their maintenance. In its seal, the Central Court had a shield with 3 fields. In the first field there was the Palatinate lion , in the second the Bavarian diamonds and in the third, lowest field, a boy on a hill with a ball floating over his head.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. Lautern-Weschnitz is mentioned as a branch of Rimbach in the Heidelberger Oberamtscompetenzbuch from 1610.

In 1613 there were 5 Huben with 5 serfs and 3 women. At the end of the Thirty Years' War (1648), like many areas of the Electoral Palatinate, the place was almost deserted. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

From a religious point of view, too, the time after the Thirty Years' War was marked by great unrest. In 1685 the Reformed Palatinate-Simmern line died out and the Catholic cousins ​​of the Palatinate-Neuburg line took over the government in the Electoral Palatinate with Elector Philipp Wilhelm . This ordered the equality of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Palatinate. Even during the War of the Palatinate Succession, France tried to advance the Counter-Reformation in the conquered areas and founded a number of Catholic parishes. The war ended in 1697 with the Peace of Rijswijk , which strengthened the position of the then reigning Catholic Elector Johann Wilhelm . This led to the decree of the Simultaneum on October 26, 1698 . According to this, the Catholics were entitled to use all reformed institutions such as churches, schools and cemeteries, while the reverse was not allowed. Furthermore, the reformed church administration, which had been independent until then, was subordinated to the sovereign. Only at the instigation of Prussia in 1705 came the so-called Palatinate church division in which the simultanum was reversed and the churches in the country, including rectories and schools, were divided between the Reformed and the Catholics in a ratio of five to two. There were special regulations for the three capitals Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal as well as the regional authorities Alzey , Kaiserslautern , Oppenheim , Bacharach and Weinheim . In cities with two churches, one should go to Protestants and the other to Catholics; in the others, where there was only one church, the choir was separated from the nave by a wall, and the one to the Catholics and the other to the Protestants. The Lutherans were only allowed those churches that they owned in 1624 or had built afterwards.

In 1784 Lauten-Weschnitz is described as a place with 12 houses and a mill, including 22 families with 81 souls. The demarcation contained 98 acres of arable land, 32 acres of meadows, 5 acres of gardens, and 23 acres of forest. The "whole tithe" related to the noble family of Wambolt von Umstadt on the one hand, and the Lutheran pastor of the Count Erbachischen village Rimbach on the other half. The jurisdiction and the sovereign administration over Lauten-Weschnitz lay with the Thal-Zent of the Oberamt Lindenfels of the Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein (in the Electorate of Pfalzbayern from 1777).

19th century until today

Lauten-Weschnitz becomes Hessian

As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the " Left Bank of the Rhine " and thus the left bank of the Rhine were annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was passed, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Lindenfels and with it Lauten-Weschnitz also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the Oberamt was temporarily continued as the Hessian District Bailiwick. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg".

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the " Zent Heppenheim " and the associated central courts had finally lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. In 1812 the official area of ​​the "Lindenfels Office" was split up and Lauten-Weschnitz was assigned to the " Fürth Office " in Mainz . The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In 1814 serfdom was lifted in the Grand Duchy.

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed the boundaries of the Principality of Starkenburg. In addition, Article 47 assigned other areas to the Grand Duchy of Hesse, including Worms , Alzey , Bingen and Mainz , an area known as Rheinhessen . In 1815 the Grand Duchy joined the German Confederation . By the treaty of Frankfurt on June 30, 1816 Grand Duke Ludwig came as a result of German war which even before the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss occupied on 6 September 1802 Duchy of Westphalia from the King of Prussia.

In 1816 provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy and the area previously known as the "Principality of Starkenburg", which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed "Province of Starkenburg" . On December 17, 1820, with the introduction of the " Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse ", the Grand Duchy became a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district districts were introduced, with Lauten-Weschnitz joining the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Ellenbach was responsible for the places Erlenbach , Eulsbach , Lauten-Weschnitz and Linnenbach . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Lauten-Weschnitz in 1829:

»Lautenweschniz (L. Bez. Lindenfels) reform. Filialdorf; is located 1 St. from Lindenfels and has 15 houses and 103 inhabitants, which up to 21 Luth. and 6 Cath., are reformed. The place appears in the Heppenheimer Markbeschreibung from 805 under the name Ludenwisgoz. He was from the Palatinate and came to Hessen in 1802. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Lauten-Weschnitz now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

After the change in the administrative administration ordered on March 16, 1842, there was now a mayor's office in Erlenbach which was also responsible for Lauten-Weschnitz. Linnenbach was added in 1860.

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

»Lautenweschnitz b. Lindenfels. - village, for evangel. Parish of Rimbach belonging. - 15 H. 103 (mostly Reformed) E. - Grand Ducth. Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Fürth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Lautenweschnitz was formerly part of the Palatinate and was ceded to Hesse in 1802. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Ellenbach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Lautenweschnitz : Reformatory branch village with 150 inhabitants. The district consists of 631 acres , including 375 acres of arable land, 101 acres of meadows and 139 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the branch village Lauten-Weschnitz with the mayor's office in Erlenbach, 24 houses, 158 inhabitants, the district of Lindenfels, the district court of Fürth, the Protestant Reformed parish Schlierbach and the Lutheran parish Rimbach of the deanery of Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Lindenfels of the deanery of Heppenheim.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Lauten-Weschnitz into the Heppenheim district .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Amtsgericht Fürth" and assigned to the district of the Darmstadt Regional Court .

At the end of the 19th century the industrial age slowly heralded itself for the Odenwald. The state road from Worms via Bensheim through the Lautertal to Lindenfels and on to Michelstadt made an important contribution to improving the infrastructure of the front Odenwald . It was given the name "Nibelungenstrasse", which refers to the Nibelungen saga. In 1869 the opening of the Nibelungen Railway from Worms via Lorsch to Bensheim was celebrated, where it was connected to the Rhein-Neckar Railway , which was completed in 1846 . Further infrastructure improvements were reported for 1900, so near Worms both the Ernst Ludwig Bridge for road traffic and the railway bridge over the Rhine were opened to traffic. The numbers of emigrants show that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted. On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Lauten-Weschnitz also had casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human victims. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed, in which between 1921 and 1930 around 566,000 emigrants tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

In 1927 the size of the district was given as 157.6  ha .

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse . In November 1938 the so-called Reichskristallnacht brought hardship and misery to the Jewish fellow citizens.

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Lauten-Weschnitz also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions.

It was not until 1952 that Lauten-Weschnitz received an independent mayor's office, with which the separation from Erlenbach was completed.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 158  ha , of which 28 ha were forest.

In 1971, in the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , the municipal council decided to apply for incorporation into the municipality of Rimbach with four votes for Rimbach against two votes for Fürth. On December 31, 1971, Lauten-Weschnitz became a district of the municipality of Rimbach, which formed its own local district with a local advisory board and mayor .

Population development

• 1613:	10 serfs (7 men, 3 women)
• 1784:	81 souls, 12 houses with 22 families
• 1961:	189 Protestant (= 74.41%), 56 Catholic (= 22.05%) residents

Lauten-Weschnitz: Population from 1784 to 1970
year				Residents
1784			81
1829			103
1834			128
1840			138
1846			154
1852			150
1858			134
1864			143
1871			148
1875			152
1885			177
1895			160
1905			174
1910			176
1925			201
1939			199
1946			255
1950			300
1956			247
1961			254
1967			264
1970			282
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources:

politics

After the incorporation into the municipality of Rimbach, a local advisory board with a local mayor was installed for Lauten-Weschnitz . The Lauten-Weschnitz local advisory board has five seats, which are divided as follows after the local elections in Hesse in 2016 :

• CDU: 1 seat
• SPD: 4 seats

The head of the village is Anni Leinen (SPD).

traffic

The Bundesstrasse 460 , known here as Siegfriedstrasse , runs through the village . Due to the special location of the district, there is no road connection to Rimbach-Mitte within the municipality. Rather, the traffic leads to the main town through the Fürth district of Lörzenbach , where the B 460 meets the federal highway 38 .

literature

• Johann Goswin Widder: Attempt of a complete geographic-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine. Volume 1 , Leipzig 1786–1788. ( Online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
• Georg W. Wagner: October 1829: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, Volume 1
• Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858 ( online at google books ).

Web links

• Lauten-Weschnitz on the Rimbach website
• Lauten-Weschnitz, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
• Literature on Lauten-Weschnitz in the Hessian Bibliography

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Municipality of Rimbach budget 2014. Cover page II. (Pdf) ( Memento from February 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), accessed in February 2016
2. ↑ GW Wagner p. 38
3. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 75 ( online at google books ).
4. ^ Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 495 , Thal-Zent ( online at googe books ).
5. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 60 ( online at google books ).
6. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 39 ( online at google books ).
7. ^ ^{A b} Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 501 f ., 9) Lauden-Weschniz ( online at googe books ).
8. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
9. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus: Germany for a hundred years: abth. Germany fifty years ago. , Voigt & Günther, 1862. S. 358ff ( online online at google books )
10. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
11. ↑ Georg W. Wagner: Volume 1, p. 38 ( online at Google Books )
12. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 2, p. 24 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
13. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
14. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
15. ↑ Wolfgang Torge: History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 ( online at google books )
16. ↑ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse according to history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 345 ( online at google books )
17. ↑ Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, Seize 52ff ( online at google books )
18. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 . 
19. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
20. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
21. ↑ Timeline on the website of the municipality of Biblis , accessed on December 1, 2014
22. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, pp. 422-423
23. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 . 
24. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Lauten-Weschnitz, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of August 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
25. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
26. ↑ Committees and parties on the Rimbach municipality's website, accessed in March 2017.