Nieder-Mumbach

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Nieder-Mumbach
Municipality Mörlenbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 34 ′ 54 ″  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 39 ″  E
Height : 190 m above sea level NN
Residents : 38  (Dec 1867)
Postal code : 69509
Area code : 06209

Low-Mumbach is a settlement in the district Mörlenbach the town of Mörlenbach in southern Hesse Bergstraße district . However, the hamlet is connected to the district and district of Ober-Mumbach , with which a local advisory board is elected.

Geographical location

Nieder-Mumbach is located in the southeast of the Mörlenbach district in the western Odenwald near the mountain road in the Mumbach valley , a left eastern tributary of the Weschnitz . Nieder-Mumbach essentially consists of three agricultural farms and some residential developments, which were built in close proximity to each other on the boundary with Ober-Mumbach and seamlessly connect to the last houses in Ober-Mumbach.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Nieder-Mumbach arose in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out, including the Weschnitz valley with its side valleys. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

Nieder- (also Unter-) Mumbach, like the villages in the neighboring Weschnitznebentäler valleys, was probably created from Mörlenbach as a planned Waldhufensiedlung around the 11th century . The farms were mostly north-east of the stream at a distance of about 200 meters, each within a wide strip of arable land and meadow that was marked out as a “hoof or hatch” across the valley through the fields.

In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office.

In 1267, a burgrave is mentioned for the first time on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim), who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , to which Nieder-Mumbach belonged. Cent Mörlenbach developed as a court of the "lower jurisdiction" and a subordinate administrative unit. The oldest surviving description dates from 1504 and probably included Nieder-Mumbach. This mention was a survey of the troops to be provided by the Zent Mörlenbach for the Landshut War of Succession .

This survey from 1504 is probably the first mention of Nieder-Mumbach under the name Mumbach .

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

When Spanish troops of the "Catholic League" conquered the region during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) , Kurmainzer rule was restored in 1623. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The centers of Abtsteinach , Fürth and Mörlenbach, where Nieder-Mombach was located, were subordinated to the Fürth District Bailiwick and had to largely surrender their powers. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

From the 19th century until today

Nieder-Mumbach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Nieder-Mumbach also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

In 1812 the former Palatinate Oberamt Lindenfels was dissolved and Wald-Michelbach, which already existed as a center, received its own district bailiwick , whose area of ​​responsibility was also assigned to Nieder-Mumbach.

Konrad Dahl reported in 1812 in his historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, about Nieder-Mumbach as the place of the "Zent Mörlenbach":

»Mumbach ( Munnenbach ) actually called Niedermumbach, in contrast to the nearby village of Obermumbach, a hamlet on the Brumbach which subsequently takes the name Mumbach and falls into the Weschnitz near Reussen. This place is ½ hour away from Mörlenbach and consists of only 2 farms with 14 selenium. «

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, making Nieder-Mumbach part of the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Mörlenbach was also responsible for Untermumbach (today Nieder-Mumbach), Groß- and Kleinbreitenbach , Oberliebersbach and Untermumbach (today Nieder-Mumbach). According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Untermumbach in 1829:

»Untermumbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) hamlet; is 2½ St. from Lindenfels consists of 2 houses with 21 cath. Pope and came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802 «

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, for the branch village Nieder- (Unter-) Mumbach in the district of Mörlenbach and the mayor's office in Mörlenbach, 3 houses, 38 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Protestant parish Birkenau of the deanery Lindenfels and the Catholic parish Mörlenbach of the deanery Heppenheim.

For the further history of the place see history of Mörlenbach .

post war period

After Ober-Mumbach and other neighboring villages joined the municipality of Mörlenbach in the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse on December 31, 1970 , a local district with a local advisory board and mayor was set up for Ober-Mumbach together with the Nieder-Mumbach residential area .

traffic

Nieder-Mumbach is located on the Mumbacher Talstraße , which as the K 12 district road from Reisen opens up the valley for regional road traffic.

literature

  • Otto Wagner (editor): Heimatbuch Mörlenbach. Self-published by the municipality of Mörlenbach, 1983
  • Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau ... , 1812 ( online at google books )
  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, Volume 1 October 1829 ( online at google books )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1869, p. 64 ( online at google books )
  2. ^ Wagner, Otto (editor): Heimatbuch Mörlenbach . Self-published by the municipality of Mörlenbach. 1983, p. 12.
  3. ↑ Nitz, Hans-Jürgen: The rural settlement forms of the Odenwald . Heidelberg geogr. Work H. 7, Heidelberg / Munich 1962.
  4. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau, Darmstadt 1812. S. 178ff ( online at google books )
  5. ^ Nieder-Mumbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of June 11, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 22, 2015 .
  6. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ a b Konrad Dahl 1812, p. 243 ( online at Google Books )
  8. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  9. ↑ Georg W. Wagner, p. 347 ( online at Google Books )
  10. ↑ Main Statute of April 12, 2016 (PDF; 297 KB) Mörlenbach community, p. 3; Section 6 , accessed in May 2019 .