Klein-Breitenbach

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Klein-Breitenbach
Municipality Mörlenbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 36 '23 "  N , 8 ° 43' 44"  E
Height : 190 m above sea level NN
Postal code : 69509
Area code : 06209

Klein-Breitenbach is a settlement in the district Mörlenbach the town of Mörlenbach in southern Hesse Bergstraße district .

geography

The Klein-Breitenbacher Tal below the Waldsee and at the foot of the Steinböhl . Here is a spring chamber for the drinking water supply of Mörlenbach.

Geographical location

Klein-Breitenbach is located in the northwest of the core community in the Vorderen Odenwald and is only separated from the nearby mountain road by the Juhöhe mountain range . The settlement follows about one and a half kilometers in length approximately on the eastern side of the valley of the stream flowing in north-south direction, which flows into the Weschnitz from the west via the lower Ederbach , which comes from the Bonsweiher valley . The location is concentrated on the local street called Klein-Breitenbach and a few short parallel streets with around 180 built-up properties. At the southern end of the village, the first houses of the core community of Mörlenbach and an industrial area join.

The village stream mentioned in the place name rises north of Klein-Breitenbach at the foot of the wooded pocket pit (297 m) and feeds the forest lake before it flows through the meadows to the settlement. In the valley below the lake and at the western foot of the Steinböhl (approx. 261 m) there is also a spring chamber and a water tank for the drinking water supply of Mörlenbach.

geology

The area around Klein-Breitenbach is one of the largest geological units in the crystalline Odenwald , the → Weschnitzpluton in the Weschnitzsenke. Granodiorite was formed here in the Lower Carboniferous between 333 and 329 million years ago with the Variscan mountainous formation . During the mountain formation processes, crevices tore open in the rock between Klein- and Groß-Breitenbach , into which barite-quartz melts penetrated and slowly crystallized.

Steinböhl quartz-barite hardening from Groß-Breitenbach

Today's landscape was formed around 45 million years ago. The cause was tectonic movements, which led to the lowering of the Upper Rhine Rift and to a fissure and division of the Odenwald into many mountain blocks. In addition, the warm, humid tertiary climate promoted weathering and the watercourses of the Weschnitz side valleys near Mörlenbach, such as the Breitenbacher brooks, cut deep into the terrain and sawed up the mountain massifs. Large parts of the granodiorite masses disintegrated into grus and the streams carried away the rubble. Because of its harder rock, the Steinböhl was preserved as a hill.

Under these climatic conditions, the granite rock groups also formed on the slopes of the Juhöhe and the Kreiswald : the upper parts of the ridges tore into blocks, which were then rounded off by chemical weathering and slid down the valley.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Klein-Breitenbach originated in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out, including the Weschnitz valley with its side valleys. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

Like the villages in the neighboring Weschnitznebentäler valleys , Klein-Breitenbach was created around the 11th century from Mörlenbach as a systematic Waldhufensiedlung . The farms were located east of the stream at a distance of about 200 to 400 meters, each within a wide strip of arable land and meadow, marked as a "hoof or hatch" across the valley through the fields.

In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office.

In 1267 a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) is mentioned for the first time , who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , to which Klein-Breitenbach belonged. The Mörlenbach district developed as a court of the "lower jurisdiction" and a subordinate administrative unit. The oldest surviving description dates from 1504 in which Klein-Breitenbach has not yet been mentioned. It was not until 1654 that the place was first mentioned as part of the tithe.

The first mention of the place can be found in 1369 as Klein-Breidenbach in an interest book for the Oberamt Heidelberg together with the places Mörlenbach, Bonsweiher and Weiher. (See also Zent Mörlenbach .) A Salbuch from 1480 and the Kopialbuch from 1590 name 3 farms for Klein-Breitenbach.

On the basic power relationships in Klein-Breitenbach is known that in the 14th century the Count Palatine to the country of Steinach the Gülte over the four Huben goods to feud was, forgave their Gülte of several goods as a fief in the 15th century, the archbishop of Mainz. About the delivery of the tithe it was handed down that in 1488 the second part each went to the sovereign and the Landschad zu Steinach. In 1654 the “Junker Stettenberger” got 2/3 of the big and “small tithe” and the Lorsch monastery together with the pastor of Mörlenbach got 1/3.

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

When Spanish troops of the "Catholic League" conquered the region during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) , Kurmainzer rule was restored in 1623. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The centers of Abtsteinach , Fürth and Mörlenbach, where Klein-Breitenbach was located, were subordinated to the Fürth District Bailiwick and had to largely surrender their powers. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz . Ecclesiastically, the place belonged to the parish of Mörlenbach as a subsidiary village under Kurmainzer rule.

From the 19th century until today

Klein-Breitenbach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Klein-Breitenbach also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

In 1812 the former Palatinate Oberamt Lindenfels was dissolved and the Wald-Michelbach , which already existed as a center, received its own district bailiwick , whose area of ​​responsibility was also assigned to Klein-Breitenbach.

Konrad Dahl reports in 1812 in his historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, about Klein-Breitenbach as the place of the "Zent Mörlenbach":

"Groß- and Kleinbreitenbach, two small villages on the Weschnitz, 1/4 hour from Mörlenbach, contain 13 houses and 1 mill with 127 selenium."

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and administrative districts were introduced, whereby Klein-Breitenbach became part of the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Mörlenbach was also responsible for Klein- and Großbreitenbach , Oberliebersbach and Untermumbach (today Nieder-Mumbach) . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Kleinbreitenbach in 1829:

»Kleinbreitenbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Filialborf, is located on the Weschnitz and 2 St. from Lindenfels. It has 6 houses and 58 inhabitants except 3 Luth. are catholic. In 1802 the town came from Mainz to Hesse. "

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, for the subsidiary village of Klein-Breitenbach in the district of Mörlenbach and the mayor's office in Mörlenbach, 7 houses, 58 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Rimbach of the deanery of Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Mörlenbach of the deanery of Heppenheim.

The population development up to the 20th century was slow (1725: 5, 1803: 4, 1828: 6, 1861: 7 houses, 1939: 9 households, 1946: 73 inhabitants).

For the further history of the place see history of Mörlenbach . Klein-Breitenbach only had its own mayor's office in the 1920s. In 1927, Klein-Breitenbach was named as part of the Mörlenbach district.

post war period

Since the 1950s, a coherent residential area, including the farms and connected to the core community, has been built in the local street and in some side streets east of the stream, and the historical agricultural character has changed. The hilly landscape of Klein-Breitenbach is still characterized by hedges and rows of trees along the field paths as well as by woods and orchards used as horse pastures .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Klein-Breitenbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

See the municipality of Mörlenbach for the further course.

Cultural monuments

  • Archway from 1609 and a supporting pillar, both with stone carvings, in the basement of the former Eckstein homestead (Ginsterweg)
  • Wayside shrines in Marienstraße and in front of farmsteads on the local street of Klein-Breitenbach
  • Backhaus (Klein-Breitenbach No. 55) and the historic Tröselbach water tank (both restored by the Klein Breitenbacher Heimat- und Kulturverein )

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Via the street Klein-Breitenbach , which is classified as Kreisstraße K 10, there is a connection to the state road L 3120 at the southern end of the village , which leads from the core community of Mörlenbach via Bonsweiher and Juhöhe to Heppenheim (Bergstraße) . In the other direction it is about 500 meters to the Mörlenbach train station of the Weschnitztalbahn and to the federal highway 38, which also runs in the direction of Weinheim or Fürth .

Hiking trails

  • Signposted paths starting from the Waldsee car park (see also hiking and cycling map no.8 of the Bergstraße-Odenwald nature park : Bergstraße-Weschnitztal)
  • Circular route from the Waldsee over the foal pasture east of Groß-Breitenbach (partly natural history hiking trail with information boards ) and the Steinböhl : panoramic view over the Weschnitz valley from Lindenfels to Weinheim
  • Waldsee circular routes as well as jogging and walking routes
  • Forest and high-altitude trails to the excursion destinations Bonsweiher, Juhöhe (partly art trail Mörlenbach to the Zigeunerkopf , 359 m), Kreiswald and Albersbach .
  • The Goldweg on Albersbacher Hang got its name from a find during the construction of the road in 1932: 198 German and foreign silver coins, which were minted between 1566 and 1694, and allegedly also a piece of gold, lay in a stone jug.

  • Serrated erosion in the headwaters of the Kleinbreitenbach in the Taschengrube forest district

  • Forest lake in the Klein-Breitenbacher valley

  • Klein-Breitenbacher valley between Waldsee and Steinböhl slope

  • View from Steinböhl to the Mörlenbacher Weschnitztal

  • View from the Steinböhl slope over the Klein-Breitenbacher valley to the Juhöhe

  • Quartz and barite crystals on a silicified barite rock in the Steinböhl Forest

  • Banded Steinböhl quartz barite

Personalities

literature

  • Wagner, Otto (editor): Heimatbuch Mörlenbach. Self-published by the municipality of Mörlenbach, 1983
  • Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau ... , 1812 ( online at google books )
  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg. Volume 1, October 1829

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Geospatial data online
  2. ^ Nickel, Erwin : Odenwald - Vorderer Odenwald between Darmstadt and Heidelberg . Collection of geological guides (2nd edition) 65, Borntraeger Berlin 1985, p. 12ff.
  3. ^ Wagner, Otto (editor): Heimatbuch Mörlenbach . Self-published by the municipality of Mörlenbach. 1983, p. 3.12.
  4. ↑ Nitz, Hans-Jürgen: The rural settlement forms of the Odenwald . Heidelberg geogr. Work H. 7, Heidelberg / Munich 1962.
  5. ↑ General State Archives Karlsruhe Sign 66/3480.
  6. ↑ Hess. State Archives Darmstadt, Salbuch 47a (Sign C2, St. No. 47a).
  7. ↑ Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe, Kopialbuch 882 , Fol.234.
  8. ↑ a b Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, pp. 388–389
  9. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau, Darmstadt 1812. S. 178ff ( online at google books )
  10. ↑ a b Klein-Breitenbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of June 11, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 22, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Wagner, 1983, p. 94ff.
  12. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  13. ↑ a b Konrad Dahl, p. 243 ( online at Google Books )
  14. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  15. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, p. 22 ( online at Google Books ).
  16. ↑ Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1869, p. 48 ( online at google books )
  17. ↑ Wagner, 1983, p. 278.
  18. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  19. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  20. ↑ s. Wagner, 1983, pictures p. 191, 192.
  21. ↑ s. Wagner, 1983, pictures p. 45, 366.
  22. ↑ Heimat- und Kulturverein Klein-Breitenbach
  23. ↑ s. Wagner, 1983, p. 593.