Pond (Mörlenbach)

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Pond
Municipality Mörlenbach
The local coat of arms was created by Mr. Georg Wälter (1988)
Coordinates: 49 ° 35 ′ 14 "  N , 8 ° 45 ′ 58"  E
Height : 202 m
Area : 5.13 km²
Residents : 1531  (Dec. 31, 2015)
Population density : 298 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1971
Postal code : 69509
Area code : 06209
map
The community of Mörlenbach
View from Mumbacher Höhe towards the pond
View from Mumbacher Höhe towards the pond

Weiher is a district of the municipality of Mörlenbach in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Weiher is located in the western Odenwald at an altitude of about 200 m above sea ​​level . The Mörlenbach flows through the village in the direction of Mörlenbach.

2 km north of Weiher is located in the municipality of Rimbach belonging Zotzenbach . Also 2 km away is the Mörlenbach district of Ober-Mumbach in the south . It is just under 3 km to the northwestern Mörlenbach. Weiher is located as a street village on the L 3120, which, coming from Mörlenbach, leads into Kreidach , a district of Wald-Michelbach , 4 km southeast of the village .

Weiher is located on the Überwaldbahn, which was closed in 1994 . Above the town there was a bus stop in Bahnhofstrasse.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Weiher was created in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out, including the Weschnitz valley with its side valleys. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Weiher was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

In 1267, a burgrave is mentioned for the first time on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim), who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , which included Weiher. Cent Mörlenbach developed as a court of the "lower jurisdiction" and a subordinate administrative unit, the oldest surviving description of which dates from 1504 and was already mentioned in the pond.

The first known documentary mention of Weiher took place in 1369 with the name Wilre in the old Electoral Palatinate interest book of the Oberamt Heidelberg , where it is recorded that the Count Palatine receives 2/3 of the tithe . The village emerged as an open row village with a one-sided valley location, the cemetery of which was in the middle of the village. In 1654 11 hubs are mentioned who had to pay taxes to the Heppenheim winery. In 1648 there were reports of a mill on a Hubengut that had a water wheel and a grinder and 1½ Malter oats at the Schultheissen in Mörlenbach for its services. The tithe 1392 Pfalzgraf received a third, and in 1488 half went to the land of Steinach . 1568 received the Palatinate, the provost Lorsch and the Stetten Berger each a third of the large and small tithes.

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the “Catholic League” conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainz. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

From the year 1654 it was handed down that one third of the tenth went to the Electoral Palatinate, to the Lorsch Monastery and to the Junker Stettenberger, and in 1683 it belonged to the parish in Mörlenbach as a subsidiary village.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The Zente Abtsteinach , Fürth and Mörlenbach where Weiher was that were Amtsvogtei Fürth subordinated and had to give up their powers largely. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

When it came to a restructuring of the offices in the district of Kurmainzer office winery Heppenheim 1782, the area of was Oberamts Starkenburg in the four subordinate office bailiwicks Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth divided. The departments of Abtsteinach , Fürth and Mörlenbach were subordinate to the district bailiwick of Fürth and had to largely surrender their powers. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

From the 19th century until today

Weiher becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Weiher also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

In 1812 the former Palatinate Oberamt Lindenfels was dissolved and Wald-Michelbach, which already existed as a center, was given its own district bailiwick , whose areas were also assigned to ponds.

Konrad Dahl reports in 1812 in his historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, about Weiher as the place of the "Zent Mörlenbach":

»Weiher one of 13 hubs with 26 houses and 195 selenium. Existing village on the Mörlenbach or Weiherbach, ½ hour from the Mörlenbach. The Lorsch Abbey has its universal thirty-toe there. There are also 3 mills there. "

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, as a result of which Weiher became part of the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Weiher was also responsible for Mackenheim and Schnorrebach (now called Schnorrenbach a hamlet in the Löhrbach district of the municipality of Birkenau) : In accordance with the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local board that made up Mayor, aldermen and municipal council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Weiher in 1829:

»Weiher (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Filialdorf, located 2 1 ⁄ 2   St. from Lindenfels, on the Mörlenbach, has 39 houses and 354 inhabitants, plus 7 Luth. and 1 reform. are catholic. In 1802 the town came from Mainz to Hesse. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised so that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Weiher now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

»Weiher b. Lindenfels. - Village with 2 mills, for evangelism. Rimbach parish, resp. Catholic parish Mörlenbach belongs. - Pop. 39 H. 354 (mostly catcol.) - Großherzogth. Hesse. - Prov. Starkenburg. - Heppenheim district. - Fürth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Weiher, on the Mörlenbach, passed from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Weiher became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Weiher: A Catholic branch village with two mills, a paper mill and 339 inhabitants. The district consisted of 2050 acres , of which 966 acres were arable land, 288 acres were meadows and 739 acres were forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Filialdorf Weiher with its own mayor's office, 53 houses, 473 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Zotzenbach and the Reformation parish of Wald-Michelbach of the deanery are recorded Lindenfels and the Catholic parish Mörlenbach of the dean's office in Heppenheim.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into effect on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Weihers into the Heppenheim district .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out and put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918 after the German defeat, Weiher also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

In 1927 the size of the district was given as 512.9  ha .

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Weiher also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 513  hectares , of which 197 hectares were forest.

On July 1, 1971 Weiher was incorporated into Mörlenbach on a voluntary basis as part of the regional reform in Hesse . After the incorporation, as for the other districts, a local district with a local advisory council and local councilor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

Courts in Hessen

In 1813, jurisdiction was transferred to the new justice office in Fürth. With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Weiher was located or the administrative units to which it was subject:

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961: 118 Protestant (= 11.65%), 884 Catholic (= 87.27%) residents
Weiher: Population from 1829 to 2015
year     Residents
1829
  
 354
1834
  
 416
1840
  
 400
1846
  
 494
1852
  
 339
1858
  
 389
1864
  
 488
1871
  
 458
1875
  
 457
1885
  
 437
1895
  
 427
1905
  
 476
1910
  
 529
1925
  
 543
1939
  
 628
1946
  
 924
1950
  
 949
1956
  
 943
1961
  
 1,013
1967
  
 1,150
1970
  
 1,218
1980
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2009
  
 1,588
2015
  
 1,531
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Attractions

The Herz-Jesu-Kirche in Weiher

The Sacred Heart Church, completed in 1926, is located in the center of the community, on the main street. The church was inaugurated on October 3, 1926 by the Mainz bishop Ludwig Maria Hugo .

Club life

In Weiher there is the TSV Weiher, founded in 1904, with the departments football , gymnastics , dancing , gymnastics , table tennis , tennis , badminton and mountain biking and the Catholic band Lauda Sion.

literature

  • R. Senz: Our village center. Self-published, 2006 ( online as PDF (9.1 MB))
  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg. Volume 1, October 1829.
  • Otto Wagner: Heimatbuch Mörlenbach: with Bonsweiher, Ober-Liebersbach, Ober-Mumbach, Vöckelsbach, Weiher. Publisher: Mörlenbach: Gemeinde Mörlenbach, 1983, ISBN 3-9800907-0-1

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Weiher, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of June 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Budget 2018. (PDF; 7 MB) (No longer available online.) In: Internatauftritt. Mörlenbach community, p. 4 , archived from the original ; accessed in June 2018 .
  3. ^ A b c Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, pp. 738–739
  4. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau, Darmstadt 1812. S. 178ff ( online at google books )
  5. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  6. ↑ Konrad Dahl, p. 243
  7. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the Principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau , Darmstadt 1812. P. 244 ( online at Google Books )
  8. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  9. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, p. 256 ( online at Google Books ).
  10. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 2, p. 754 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
  11. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  12. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  13. ↑ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse according to history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 351 ( online at google books )
  14. ↑ Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1869, p. 92 ( online at google books )
  15. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. (No longer available online.) In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  16. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  17. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. (No longer available online.) 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  18. ^ Municipal reform in Hesse: mergers and integrations of municipalities from June 21, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 28 , p. 1117 , item 988; Paragraph 21. ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 5.0 MB ]).
  19. ↑ Gerstenmeier, K.-H. (1977): Hessen. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation. Melsungen. P. 214. DNB 770396321
  20. ↑ Main statutes of the community of Mörlenbach. (PDF file 297 kB) p. 3 § 6 , accessed in May 2019 .
  21. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  22. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  23. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).