Unter-Scharbach

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Unter-Scharbach
Community Grasellenbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 36 ′ 37 ″  N , 8 ° 50 ′ 12 ″  E
Height : 378 m above sea level NN
Residents : 272  (1950)
Incorporation : July 1, 1953
Incorporated into: Scharbach
Postal code : 64689
Area code : 06207

Unter-Scharbach , formerly a settlement with its own district , is now part of the Scharbach district of the Grasellenbach community in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Unter-Scharbach is located in the lower valley section of the stream of the same name, a right western side valley of the Ulfenbach in the Odenwald . The valley bends twice at right angles in the area, with the brook flowing south in the middle section of the valley. The core of the location consists of large, scattered farmsteads, between which some residential developments have arisen.

The lowest part of the valley is flanked by wooded heights. In the north the Hardt rises and in the south first the 430 meter high Vogelherd and behind it at the boundary of the district the 447 meter high Kochert . In the southwest, not far from Tromm , are the elevations Hubenstrich (446 m) and Im Rod (468 m). Beyond the Ulfenbach , a wedge-shaped section of the south-eastern slope on the Hammelberg , up to around 475 meters above sea level, belongs to Unter-Scharbach.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Unter-Scharbach arose in the area of ​​the former Mark Heppenheim which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive Mark Heppenheim , to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Ober-Scharbach was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . After long disputes, the Electoral Palatinate and the Archdiocese of Mainz were able to agree on the inheritance from the Lorsch Abbey at the beginning of the 14th century and the parts of the Palatinate, including Scharbach, were administered by the " Amtsvogtei Lindenfels".

The earliest known mention as Scharpach was in 1359, when Count Palatine Ruprecht I approved the sale of Wahlen ( Waldau ), Scharbach ( Scharpach ) and Gras-Ellenbach ( Ellenbach ) by Hartmud von Cronberg to Rudolf von Beckingen. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Erbach taverns largely owned the village as a fiefdom of the Electoral Palatinate , but in the middle of the 16th century it finally fell back to the Electoral Palatinate. Since the name Nieder-Scharbach is documented in 1568 , it must have existed as a separate village next to Ober-Scharbach at the latest since that time.

The earliest known mention of Unter-Scharbach was in 1568, when the "Geisenmühle on the Hammelbach in the Niederscharpacher district gives 19½ florins annually  to the Electoral Palatinate". For the same year there is also the mention of Unter-Scharbach as part of the Hammelbacher- or Eicher- Zent , which belongs to the "Amtsvogtei Lindenfels" .

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. Unter-Scharbach became a branch village of the reformed parish Waldmichelbach .

Further evidence about Unter-Scharbach showed for the year 1613 that the place had eight hubs , 11 house seats and seven men and six women on serfs. At the end of the Thirty Years' War (1648), like many areas of the Electoral Palatinate , the place was almost deserted. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

From a religious point of view, too, the time after the Thirty Years' War was marked by great unrest. In 1685 the Reformed Palatinate-Simmern line died out and the Catholic cousins ​​of the Palatinate-Neuburg line took over the government in the Electoral Palatinate with Elector Philipp Wilhelm . This ordered the equality of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Palatinate. Even during the War of the Palatinate Succession, France tried to advance the Counter-Reformation in the conquered areas and founded a number of Catholic parishes. The war ended in 1697 with the Peace of Rijswijk , which strengthened the position of the then reigning Catholic Elector Johann Wilhelm . This led to the decree of the Simultaneum on October 26, 1698 . According to this, the Catholics were entitled to use all reformed institutions such as churches, schools and cemeteries, while the reverse was not allowed. Furthermore, the reformed church administration, which had been independent until then, was subordinated to the sovereign. Only at the instigation of Prussia in 1705 came the so-called Palatinate church division in which the simultanum was reversed and the churches in the country, including rectories and schools, were divided between the Reformed and the Catholics in a ratio of five to two. There were special regulations for the three capitals Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal as well as the regional authorities Alzey , Kaiserslautern , Oppenheim , Bacharach and Weinheim . In cities with two churches, one should go to Protestants and the other to Catholics; in the others, where there was only one church, the choir was separated from the nave by a wall, and the one to the Catholics and the other to the Protestants. The Lutherans were only allowed those churches that they owned in 1624 or had built afterwards.

According to the register of 1784, there were 17 families with 97 souls in the village at that time. The district consisted of 425 acres of fields, 80 acres of meadows, 110 acres of community forest and 20 acres belonged to the Huben. There was an electoral forester who was in charge of both these and all of the other forests in the Cent Wald-Michelbach and the Cent Hammelbach. On the tenth , the Kurpfälzische Hofkammer moved into two, and the Kurmainzische a third because of the Lorsch Monastery.

Until 1737 the “Amtsvogtei Lindenfels” was subordinate to the Oberamt Heidelberg , after which it became an independent Oberamt . The jurisdiction and the sovereign administration over Unter-Scharbach lay with the Hammelbach Centers (also called Eicher, Affolderbacher or Wahlheimer Centers) of the Oberamt Lindenfels of the "Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein" (in the "Electorate of Pfalzbayern" from 1777).

In the attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Pfalz am Rheine can be found in 1786 via Unter-Scharbach:

“Unter-Scharbach. Even a small village an hour and a half from Lindenfels and only a quarter of an hour south of the planned Ober-Scharbach has the same neighbors and properties. The small brook that has been registered flows past the village, and on the other side the small Kreuzbächlein that rises in Kurmainzisch; through the place, however, the mill stream coming from the Hammelbacher border, which drives a mill and unites with them. There is also a country road from Lindenfels to Wald-Michelbach. The number of families in 1784 was 17, which made up 97 souls. The district contains 425 M. Aecker, 80 M. Wiesen, 110 M. Municipality and 20 M. Hubenwaldung. The tithe for Ober- and Unter-Scharbach is divided between the Electoral Palatinate and Kurmainz, as in Hammelbach. "

From the 19th century until today

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the " Left Bank of the Rhine " and thus the left bank of the Rhine were annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Lindenfels and with it Unter-Scharbach also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the Oberamt was temporarily continued as the Hessian District Bailiwick. Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. In 1812 the area of ​​the "Lindenfels Office" was split up and Unter-Scharbach was formerly assigned to the Mainzian Office of Fürth . The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg".

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Unter-Scharbach becoming part of the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Affolterbach was responsible for Kocherbach , Unterscharbach and elections . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Unter-Scharbach in 1829:

»Unterscharbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) reform. And cath. Branch village; is 2 1 / 2   hrs from Linde rock and 1 / 4  St. of Oberscharführer Bach, has 32 houses and 204 inh. 81 which are out of Kath reformed.. - In this place the Kreiße von Lindenfels and the taverns von Erbach had shares; the latter came in 1432 through purchase and this in 1509 through exchange to Churpfalz. Unterscharbach came to Hessen in 1802. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Unter-Scharbach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

»Unter-Scharbach b. Lindenfels. - Reformed and Catholic branch village of Waldmichelbach. - 32 H. 204 E. (incl. 81 Catholics). - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Prov. Starkenburg. - Heppenheim district. - Landger. Fuerth. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Unter-Scharbach passed from Churpfalz to Hesse in 1802. «

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Unter-Scharbach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Unterscharbach : Reformatory and Catholic branch village with 278 inhabitants. This includes a mill. The district consists of 993 acres , including 331 acres of arable land, 141 acres of meadows and 479 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the sub-village Unter-Scharbach with its own mayor's office, 33 houses, 186 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Wald-Michelbach district court, the Protestant Reformed parish Wald-Michelbach of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish Wald-Michelbach of the dean's office in Heppenheim. The mayor's offices in Unter-Scharbach were also responsible for Ober-Scharbach (30 houses, 195 inhabitants).

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Unter-Scharbach into the Heppenheim district .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

The community of Unter-Scharbach merged on July 1, 1953 with the community of Ober-Scharbach to form the community of Scharbach. As part of the regional reform in Hesse, Scharbach was incorporated into the Grasellenbach community on August 1, 1972. Although Scharbach applies as a whole as the district of the new community, the remained district sub-Scharbach preserved. Local districts according to the Hessian municipal code were not established.

Courts in Hessen

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg. The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords. The Lindenfels Office was responsible for Unter-Scharbach. From 1813 the newly formed Justice Office in Fürth was the first instance. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate.

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . In 1853 a new regional court district was created, the seat of which was in Wald-Michelbach and to which Unter-Scharbach also belonged.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Wald-Michelbach District Court and assigned to the district of the Darmstadt Regional Court . On July 1, 1968, the district court district was added to the district court of Fürth and the district court of Wald-Michelbach was dissolved.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Unter-Scharbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1613: 011 house seats ; Serfs : 7 men and 6 women
• 1784: 097 souls, 17 families
• 1806: 156 inhabitants
• 1829: 204 inhabitants, 32 houses
• 1867: 301 inhabitants, 34 houses
Unter-Scharbach: Population from 1784 to 1950
year     Residents
1784
  
 97
1806
  
 156
1829
  
 204
1834
  
 232
1840
  
 267
1846
  
 275
1852
  
 278
1858
  
 316
1864
  
 264
1871
  
 290
1875
  
 298
1885
  
 273
1895
  
 220
1905
  
 194
1910
  
 192
1925
  
 214
1939
  
 188
1946
  
 290
1950
  
 272
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

traffic

Unter-Scharbach is accessible to road traffic through the district road K 27, which branches off from the state road L 3346 during elections , runs through all of Unter-Scharbach as Trommstraße and continues as K 27 a through Ober-Scharbach to the district of Tromm , to end there . From Unter-Scharbach, a community road leads north to the district of Litzelbach, a few hundred meters away .

literature

  • Johann Goswin Widder: Attempt of a complete geographic-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Palatinate on the Rhine. Volume 1 , Leipzig 1786–1788. ( Online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, volume October 1 , 1829.
  • Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858 ( online at google books ).
  • Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854. ( Online at google books )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Unter-Scharbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 714 f .
  3. ↑ a b c Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 525 , 3) Unter-Scharbach ( online at googe books ).
  4. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 48 ( online at google books ).
  5. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  6. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  7. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 251 ( online at google books ).
  8. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 694 ( online at google books ).
  9. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  10. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  12. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 360 ( online at google books ).
  13. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 42 ( online at google books ).
  14. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  16. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  17. ↑ Amalgamation of the communities of Ober- and Unter-Scharbach in the Bergstrasse district, Darmstadt district, to form a community with the name "Scharbach" on August 11, 1953 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1953 No. 35 , p. 759 , point 989 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.2 MB ]).
  18. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  19. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 1 g) and Article 2, Paragraph 1 c) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  20. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  21. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  22. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.