Umstadt condominium

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The tithe cake in the Umstadt district in the 15th and 16th centuries with their various later affiliations

The Kondominat Umstadt was a condominium , about the Electoral Palatinate and the lords and counts of Hanau , later the Electoral Palatinate and the Landgraviate Hesse and following the Hesse-Darmstadt , shared the domination exercised.

Geographical location

The condominium was located in the area around today's city of Groß-Umstadt in southern Hesse and extended to the west and north east of the Gersprenzbogen and Dieburg , reached in the east into the Odenwald bordering on Franconia , bounded to the south by the Höchst district and reached like a finger to the southwest Gersprenztal up to shortly before Reichelsheim (Odenwald) .

history

Emergence

In 766 the Fulda monastery received the property of the Umstadt townspeople from Pippin the Younger . The Fulda monastery later gave the donation in equal parts to Katzenelnbogen and Münzenberg . Only the Lords of Hanau succeeded under the Münzenberger inheritance to their share allodisieren . Feudal rights of the Katzenelnbogen family are no longer mentioned later.

When Konrad IV von Hanau had to go into debt in 1373 for his election as prince abbot of the Fulda monastery, the consequence immediately after he took office in Fulda was that he tried to refinance the debts he had incurred from the imperial monastery of Fulda. As early as 1374 he pawned Otzberg Castle , the city of Hering and the Umstadt office for 23,875 guilders to his nephew, Ulrich IV. Von Hanau . He already had half of Umstadt as a fief and thus now for a short time the other half as a pledge. Elector Ruprecht I of the Palatinate then acquired the right to redeem the pledge against Hanau from the Fulda Abbey in 1390, as far as the Umstadt office was concerned. However, this half of the deposit was only released in 1427. This created a condominium between Hanau and the Palatinate. In some places (see list) the Electoral Palatinate only held the tithe , the other rights were with Hanau. On the part of the Palatinate, the area was also referred to as the Oberamt Umstadt .

In 1429 the people of Hanau were raised to the rank of count . In 1458 the part of the County of Hanau south of the Main was separated in favor of the later Count Philipp I of Hanau , later: from Hanau-Lichtenberg . The Hanau rights in the Umstadt condominium came to the resulting county of Hanau-Lichtenberg .

restructuring

In the Landshut War of Succession , the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg and the Palatinate fought against the king. In 1504, Landgrave Wilhelm II of Hesse, the Middle One, conquered the Umstadt condominium on behalf of King Maximilian I. Since the Palatinate and Hanau were defeated in this war, Wilhelm II of Hesse initially occupied the area and it took until the Reichstag in Worms in 1521 to reorganize the situation: The result was again a condominium, this time between the Landgraviate of Hesse and the Palatinate. Hanau left the community. In return, it received 12,000 guilders and the localities of the condominium entirely to property, in which so far only the tithes of the Electoral Palatinate, but Hanau had granted all other rights. Now the tithe passed to Hanau-Lichtenberg. These places were: Harpertshausen , Kleestadt , Langstadt , Schaafheim and Schlierbach .

The Hessian and the Palatinate share of the condominium were temporarily pledged in the 16th century, and the Palatinate temporarily held the Hessian share as a pledge. From the death of Philip I ("the magnanimous") on March 31, 1567 until it died out in 1603, the Hessian share of the condominium belonged to the Counts of Diez , sons of Philip I's second marriage. A quarter of the share then fell to the Landgraviate of Hesse- Darmstadt , the other to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel . During the Thirty Years' War in 1626, the three quarters of the office, which did not yet belong to Hessen-Darmstadt, were regarded by the Kaiser as spoils of war and given away to Landgrave Ludwig V of Hessen-Darmstadt. In a militarily favorable situation, he had this confirmed by a treaty from Hessen-Kassel on September 24, 1627. When the fortunes of war turned in the Hessian War, he had to surrender the Hessen-Kassel district with the contract of April 14, 1648, which was confirmed by the Peace of Westphalia, which was concluded shortly thereafter . This peace and a follow-up treaty of 1650 restored the pre-war conditions.

resolution

In 1803 the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , later the Grand Duchy of Hesse , took over the condominium in accordance with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . It continued to exist as the Umstadt Office until 1821. This year the administrative tasks of the office were transferred to the district of Dieburg and the judicial tasks to the district court of Umstadt .

Due to the different affiliations of the individual parts of the office in the Grand Duchy, individual places belonged to different legal circles. In the parts that had previously belonged to the Landgraviate of Hesse, common law applied . In the parts that had previously belonged to the Electoral Palatinate, however, the Electoral Palatinate Land Law applied . This situation - somewhat curious from today's point of view - lasted until January 1, 1900, when the civil code that was valid throughout the German Empire came into force.

Overview of the owners

  • Coat of arms of the Fulda monastery

  • Coat of arms County Katzenelnbogen

  • Coat of arms Hagen-Munzenberg

  • Coat of arms of the County of Hanau until 1480

  • Coat of arms of the Electoral Palatinate

  • Coat of arms of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg since 1480

  • Coat of arms of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt

The area of ​​the Umstadt condominium had the following sovereigns in the condominium :

Period Men's Remarks
741 (743) - 766 (?) Patronage right diocese of Würzburg astonishingly, confirmed again in a royal regeste in 822 , although at that time it was already awarded to the Fulda monastery
766-1255 Rule: Fulda Monastery Gift of Pippin III. to the monastery
from the middle of the 12th century - 1255 Rule: Fulda Monastery Beginning of the condominium
half of it as a fief to the County of Katzenelnbogen half of it as a fief to Hagen-Munzenberg
1255-1374 Rule: Fulda Monastery Hanau is the heir to the Munzenberg family through the marriage of Adelheid von Munzenberg to Reinhard I. von Hanau . The Katzenelnbogen fiefdom is lost in history
half of which is owned by the monastery of Fulda half of which are fiefdoms to the Hanau rulership
1374-1390 Rule: Fulda Monastery 1390: Fulda sold to the Electoral Palatinate (redemption only in 1427, until then undivided pledge of the Hanau rulership )
half of which is owned by the Fulda Monastery and pledged to the Hanau rulership half of it as a fief to the Hanau rulership
1390-1427 Hanau reign Undivided pledge of the Hanau rulership , as Fulda Monastery does not pay out its pledged portion and the Electoral Palatinate does not pay to Fulda Monastery
1427-1504 Rule: Electoral Palatinate
half of which are owned by the Electoral Palatinate of which half as a fiefdom to the Hanau rulership (from 1429 Hanau county )
1504-1521 Dominion: Landgraviate of Hesse Occupied by Hesse in the Landshut War of Succession in 1504 .
1521-1567 Half of the Palatinate Half of the Landgraviate of Hesse 1521: County Hanau leaves, is settled with 12,000  florins and several localities from the district of Umstadt, namely Harpertshausen , Kleestadt , Langstadt and Schlierbach ; 1549–1570 Hessian share pledged to the Electoral Palatinate for 20,000 florins
1567-1626 Half of the Palatinate a quarter of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt a quarter of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel through inheritance divisions of the Landgraviate of Hesse; Probably 1567 according to the testament of the Hessen-Darmstadt'sche share to the Lords of Diez - but already dropped back in 1577. The tithe income was used until 1603 to support the last of the Counts of Dietz to support his captivity. In 1593–1594 the Electoral Palatinate pledged half of it for 20,000 florins to Hessen-Darmstadt
1626-1648 Dominion: Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt Conquests as a result of the Thirty Years War
1648-1650 Half of the Palatinate a quarter of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt a quarter of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel Reinstatements after the Peace of Westphalia
1650-1668 Half of the Palatinate a quarter of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt one eighth of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel one eighth Hessen-Rheinfels partly is also mentioned as the date 1666
1668-1705 Half of the Palatinate three eighths of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt one eighth of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel Recovery through area swap, partly is also mentioned as a date of 1708
1705-1803 Half of the Palatinate Half of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt Reclamation through area swap
from 1803 Undivided rule: Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt (from 1806 Grand Duchy of Hessen ) Reichsdeputationshauptschluss from the beginning of 1803, last act of the declining Holy Roman Empire and based on the compensation plan agreed in June 1802 between France and Austria , which was based on the 1801 peace treaty of Lunéville (Art. 7).
End of the condominium

Territorial inventory

The following places belonged to the area of ​​the condominate (until the changes of 1521):

See also

literature

  • Archive for Hessian History and Archeology, Volume 3, Darmstadt, 1844, p. 126 ff.
  • Willi Alter (Ed.): Palatinate Atlas . Text volume I. Speyer: Palatinate Society for the Advancement of Science 1964, p. 426.
  • Regenerus Engelhard: Description of the earth of the Hessian Lands Casselischen Antheiles with notes from history and from documents explained . Part 2. Cassel 1778. ND 2004, p. 806ff.
  • Ludwig Ewald: Historical overview of the territorial changes in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt and the Grand Duchy of Hessen . Darmstadt 1862, pp. 452–456.
  • Peter Füßler: The Umstadt region in the early Middle Ages. In: The Odenwald. Zeitschrift des Breuberg-Bundes 33/3, 1986, pp. 83-89.
  • Kreissparkasse for the district of Dieburg in Groß-Umstadt (Hrsg.): The district of Dieburg. Landscape, history, art, administration, economy. For the 125th anniversary . 1960.
  • Magistrate of the city of Groß-Umstadt (Hrsg. :): A man from Umstadt tells - local researcher Georg Füßler and his Umstadt . Geiger-Verlag, 1995.
  • Christian Leonhard Leucht: European State Canzley , Vol. 72–92.
  • Fried Lübbecke: Hanau city and county , p. 72ff
  • Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893.
  • Johannes Sommer (Ed.): Thirteen Centuries Church in Groß-Umstadt. With contributions by HM Balz, Chr. Borck, J. Courtin, F. Krebs, M. Reith, S. Scholz, J. Sommer u. S. Volp. Koenigstein i. Ts. 1993 (= The Blue Books), ISBN 3-7845-5802-X .
  • FP Wundt: Complicated description of the Oberamt Umstadt, which is shared between Churpfalz and Hessendarmstadt . In: Lectures of the Churpf. physical and economic society in Heidelberg IV, 2. Mannheim 1789.

Remarks

  1. ↑ 1/4 of Hessen-Kassel, 2/4 of Electoral Palatinate.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schmidt, p. 6.
  2. ↑ Schmidt, p. 7, note 13.
  3. ^ Schmidt, p. 8.
  4. ↑ Arthur B. Schmidt: The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 102.
  5. ↑ Arthur B. Schmidt: The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 102f u. Note 12.
  6. ↑ Certificate of Emperor Ludwig the Pious of December 19, 822, by sending two other documents to the Diocese of Würzburg with churches and land donations by his predecessors Karlmann and Pippin III. , see. also the confirmation in the Regest der Karolinger n.767, in: Regesta Imperii Online, Ludwig der Fromme - RI I n.767, 822 Dec. 19, Franconofurd (accessed October 5, 2015)
  7. ↑ z. B. in Marianne Schalles-Fischer: Palatinate and Fiskus Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main, 1969, p. 37 - Document book of Fulda Monastery, No. 43
  8. ↑ A Umstädter tells - local researcher Georg Füßler and his Umstadt , Ed .: Magistrat der Stadt Groß-Umstadt, Geiger-Verlag, 1995
  9. ↑ L. Ewald Historical overview of the territorial changes in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt and the Grand Duchy of Hessen , Darmstadt, 1862, p. 4.
  10. ^ Johann Wilhelm Christian Steiner: Antiquities and history of the Bachgau in the old Maingau . Wailandt, Aschaffenburg 1821. pp. 131-133.
  11. ^ DA Friderich Büsching Neue Erdbeschreibung - Siebender Part - which contains the Westphalian, Chur = Rhenish and Upper = Rhenish districts from the German Empire Schaffhausen, 1770, p. 1094
  12. ^ Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , Volume 1, Darmstadt, 1862, p. 44.
  13. ^ DA Friderich Büsching New Earth Description - Seventh Part - which contains the Westphalian, Chur = Rhenish and Upper = Rhenish districts from the German Empire Schaffhausen, 1770, p. 1113
  14. ^ Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , Volume 1, Darmstadt, 1862, p. 44
  15. ^ Johann Wilhelm Christian Steiner: Antiquities and history of the Bachgau in the old Maingau . Wailandt, Aschaffenburg 1821. p. 131.
  16. ↑ a b c d desolate fallen village (at the latest due to the plague of the Thirty Years' War )
  17. ↑ a b c d Adelshof / property with its own (lower) jurisdiction
  18. ↑ Here only the tithe belonged to the Electoral Palatinate, all other rights were with Hanau; in comparison from 1521 Hanau left here.
  19. ↑ a b c The place was also part of the Dieburger Mark
  20. ↑ a b c d e here only the tithe belonged to the Electoral Palatinate, all other rights were with Hanau; In 1521 the tithe went to Hanau-Lichtenberg
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g 1521 awarded to the Office of Otzberg in the Electoral Palatinate

Coordinates: 49 ° 51 '47 "  N , 8 ° 55' 33.4"  E